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{{Short description|Subfamily of viruses}}
{{Virusbox
{{Virusbox
| image = File:Blue woodlouse (6 Aug 2014 Netherlands).jpg
| image = Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 (IIV-31).jpg
| image_caption = A blue [[woodlouse]] infected with ''[[Invertebrate iridescent virus 31]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Porcellio scaber]]'' infected with ''[[Invertebrate iridescent virus 31]]'' (L) and individual with typical colouration (R) for comparison
| taxon = Betairidovirinae
| taxon = Betairidovirinae
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
Line 7: Line 8:
}}
}}


'''''Betairidovirinae''''' is a subfamily of viruses in the family ''[[Iridoviridae]]''. It is one of two subfamilies within this family, the other being ''[[Alphairdovirinae]]''.<ref name="ICTV">{{Cite web|title=Taxonomy|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/|access-date=2021-02-15|website=talk.ictvonline.org|language=en}}</ref> All species within the ''Betairidovirinae'' are hosted by invertebrates, whereas all species within the ''Alphairdovirinae'' are hosted by '[[Ectotherm|cold-blooded]]' vertebrates (namely; fishes, amphibians, and reptiles). As such, viruses in this subfamily may be called '''invertebrate iridescent viruses''' (IIVs) or '''invertebrate iridoviruses'''.<ref name="Williams">{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=Trevor|date=2008|title=Natural invertebrate hosts of iridoviruses (Iridoviridae)|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19169548/|journal=Neotropical Entomology|volume=37|issue=6|pages=615–632|doi=10.1590/s1519-566x2008000600001|issn=1519-566X|pmid=19169548}}</ref>
'''''Betairidovirinae''''' is a subfamily of viruses in the family ''[[Iridoviridae]]'' that was established in 2016. It is one of two subfamilies within this family, the other being ''[[Alphairdovirinae]]''.<ref name="ICTV">{{Cite web|title=Taxonomy|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy|access-date=2021-02-15|website=talk.ictvonline.org|language=en}}</ref> Most species within the ''Betairidovirinae'' are hosted by invertebrates, whereas all species within the ''Alphairdovirinae'' are hosted by '[[Ectotherm|cold-blooded]]' vertebrates (namely; fishes, amphibians, and reptiles). As such, viruses in this subfamily may be called '''invertebrate iridescent viruses''' (IIVs) or '''invertebrate iridoviruses'''.<ref name="Williams">{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=Trevor|date=2008|title=Natural invertebrate hosts of iridoviruses (Iridoviridae)|journal=Neotropical Entomology|volume=37|issue=6|pages=615–632|doi=10.1590/s1519-566x2008000600001|issn=1519-566X|pmid=19169548|doi-access=free}}</ref>


== Genera ==
== Genera ==
The genus consists of the following three genera,<ref name="ICTV"></ref> although there are many additional putative and partially characterised species.<ref name="Williams"></ref>
The genus consists of the following four genera,<ref name="ICTV"></ref> although many additional putative and partially characterised taxa are known:<ref name="Williams"></ref>

* ''[[Chloriridovirus]]''
* ''[[Chloriridovirus]]''
* ''[[Daphniairidovirus]]''
* ''[[Decapodiridovirus]]''
* ''[[Decapodiridovirus]]''
* ''[[Iridovirus]]''
* ''[[Iridovirus]]''


== Hosts ==
== Hosts ==
The ''Betairidovirinae'' are exclusively hosted by invertebrates. Most hosts are [[arthropod]]s, especially insects and [[woodlice]], but other arthropods and even several non-arthropod hosts are known. Some viruses are hosted by a single host species; others are generalists that can infect multiple species.<ref name="Williams"></ref>
The ''Betairidovirinae'' are hosted by invertebrates, but some research indicates they may hosted by vertebrates,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Stöhr|first1=Anke C.|last2=Papp|first2=Tibor|last3=Marschang|first3=Rachel E.|date=2016-03-01|title=Repeated Detection of an Invertebrate Iridovirus in Amphibians|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jhms/article/26/1-2/54/137401/Repeated-Detection-of-an-Invertebrate-Iridovirus|journal=Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery|language=en|volume=26|issue=1–2|pages=54–58|doi=10.5818/1529-9651-26.1-2.54|s2cid=87871828 |issn=1529-9651}}</ref> and that at least one invertebrate-hosted iridovirus is actually more closely related to the ''Alphairdovirinae''. Most ''Betairidovirinae'' hosts are [[arthropod]]s, especially insects and [[woodlice]], but other arthropods and even several non-arthropod hosts are known. Some viruses are hosted by a single host species; others are generalists that can infect multiple species.<ref name="Williams"></ref>


== Disease ==
== Disease ==
Some species within this subfamily cause no externally obvious disease. Others cause a generalised reduction in fitness. Invertebrate iridoviral diseases are most noted for some species that cause iridesence in their hosts. This is because [[icosahedron|icosahedral]] virions may accumulate in high density in the tissues of the host, forming a [[paracrystalline]] array that reflects particular wavelengths of light. Iridescent blue is most common, but colours across the colour spectrum have been observed. It has been noted that most species with smaller virions produce colours towards the violet-side of the colour spectrum, whereas larger virions tend towards the red-side.<ref name="Williams"></ref>
Some species within this subfamily cause no externally obvious disease. Others cause a generalised reduction in fitness. Invertebrate iridoviral diseases are most noted for some species that cause iridescence in their hosts because [[icosahedron|icosahedral]] virions may accumulate in high density in the tissues of the host, forming a [[paracrystalline]] array that reflects particular wavelengths of light. Iridescent blue is most common, but colours across the spectrum have been observed. Most species with smaller virions produce colours toward the violet side of the colour spectrum, whereas larger virions tend toward the red side.<ref name="Williams"></ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Douch JK, Poupa AM|date=July 2021|title=Citizen science data opens multiple avenues for iridovirus research and prompts first detection of Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 in Australia|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022201121000860|journal=[[Journal of Invertebrate Pathology]]|volume=183 |page=107619 |doi=10.1016/j.jip.2021.107619|pmid=34004165 |s2cid=234782794 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* ''[[Cypovirus]]'' – members of this genus may also cause iridescence


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
==External links==
* [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1119585-Betairidovirinae iNaturalist] – ''Betairidovirinae''
*{{Commonscatinline|Betairidovirinae}}
*[https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1119585-Betairidovirinae iNaturalist] – ''Betairidovirinae''

{{Taxonbar|from=Q29002081}}


[[Category:Iridoviridae]]
[[Category:Iridoviridae]]
[[Category:Virus subfamilies]]

Latest revision as of 12:18, 4 July 2024

Betairidovirinae
Porcellio scaber infected with Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 (L) and individual with typical colouration (R) for comparison
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Varidnaviria
Kingdom: Bamfordvirae
Phylum: Nucleocytoviricota
Class: Megaviricetes
Order: Pimascovirales
Family: Iridoviridae
Subfamily: Betairidovirinae
Genera

See text

Betairidovirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Iridoviridae that was established in 2016. It is one of two subfamilies within this family, the other being Alphairdovirinae.[1] Most species within the Betairidovirinae are hosted by invertebrates, whereas all species within the Alphairdovirinae are hosted by 'cold-blooded' vertebrates (namely; fishes, amphibians, and reptiles). As such, viruses in this subfamily may be called invertebrate iridescent viruses (IIVs) or invertebrate iridoviruses.[2]

Genera

[edit]

The genus consists of the following four genera,[1] although many additional putative and partially characterised taxa are known:[2]

Hosts

[edit]

The Betairidovirinae are hosted by invertebrates, but some research indicates they may hosted by vertebrates,[3] and that at least one invertebrate-hosted iridovirus is actually more closely related to the Alphairdovirinae. Most Betairidovirinae hosts are arthropods, especially insects and woodlice, but other arthropods and even several non-arthropod hosts are known. Some viruses are hosted by a single host species; others are generalists that can infect multiple species.[2]

Disease

[edit]

Some species within this subfamily cause no externally obvious disease. Others cause a generalised reduction in fitness. Invertebrate iridoviral diseases are most noted for some species that cause iridescence in their hosts because icosahedral virions may accumulate in high density in the tissues of the host, forming a paracrystalline array that reflects particular wavelengths of light. Iridescent blue is most common, but colours across the spectrum have been observed. Most species with smaller virions produce colours toward the violet side of the colour spectrum, whereas larger virions tend toward the red side.[2][4]

See also

[edit]
  • Cypovirus – members of this genus may also cause iridescence

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Taxonomy". talk.ictvonline.org. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
  2. ^ a b c d Williams, Trevor (2008). "Natural invertebrate hosts of iridoviruses (Iridoviridae)". Neotropical Entomology. 37 (6): 615–632. doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2008000600001. ISSN 1519-566X. PMID 19169548.
  3. ^ Stöhr, Anke C.; Papp, Tibor; Marschang, Rachel E. (2016-03-01). "Repeated Detection of an Invertebrate Iridovirus in Amphibians". Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery. 26 (1–2): 54–58. doi:10.5818/1529-9651-26.1-2.54. ISSN 1529-9651. S2CID 87871828.
  4. ^ Douch JK, Poupa AM (July 2021). "Citizen science data opens multiple avenues for iridovirus research and prompts first detection of Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 in Australia". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 183: 107619. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2021.107619. PMID 34004165. S2CID 234782794.
[edit]
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