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The Baháʼí Faith in Hong Kong began during the lifetime of the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, Baháʼu'lláh.

Hong Kong's history as crown colony of the United Kingdom and then a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China has given it a unique history – a history that has impacted the structure and growth of the Baháʼí Faith there. Of course the cataclysm of the World Wars and other major events impacted the Baháʼí community as it did the citizenry in generally. In 2005 the Association of Religion Data Archives (relying mostly on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated the Baháʼí population of Hong Kong at about 1100.^[1]

Migration

As a commercial center and relatively open city even in the 1870s, Hong Kong became a location where non-Chinese Baháʼís could settle and earn a living in trade or other commercial activities. The first Baháʼí in China was recorded as having lived in Shanghai in 1862. In 1870, this person was joined by his brother and they established a trading company.^[2]

In the period 1881–1882 a nephew of the wife of the Báb resided in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong was a frequent transit hub throughout the early 1900s for western Baháʼís travelling to China and other parts of Asia. Among these travelers was Martha Root who started traveling in 1924 and on several subsequent trips, she met with editors, librarians, and the president of the university. She spoke on radio, at the Hong Kong University and had several press articles in local papers.^[3]

Association with so many Baháʼís from other lands gave heart to the Hong Kong Baháʼí expatriate community and demonstrated to the first Hong Kong Baháʼís the reality of the global community that they became a part of.

Charles Duncan, Knight of Baháʼu'lláh to Brunei, recorded of this period that pioneers moved there and that slowly a community was built in Hong Kong consisting of longtime residents. They were of Chinese, Indian, British and Southeast Asian backgrounds. He indicated there was a constant stream of Baháʼí visitors from abroad.^[2]

Pei Tswi, a Baháʼí who lived in Hong Kong for a decade from the late 1920s, and Liu Chan Song, are the only Chinese Baháʼís known to have resided in Hong Kong just prior to the Second World War.^[2]

Maturity

Starting in 1953 there was a concerted effort to establish a permanent community of Baháʼís in Hong Kong and with dedicated efforts this was accomplished by the mid1950s.

The enrolment of four new members allowed the Hong Kong Baháʼís to form their first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly in 1956. The Local Spiritual Assembly was registered with the Hong Kong government as a society on 29 May 1958, then incorporated in 1969. These were transferred to the National Spiritual Assembly when it was formed in 1974. At the beginning of 1957 there were 14 members in the Hong Kong Baháʼí community.^[4]

From 1957 until 1974 Hong Kong was under the administration of the Regional Spiritual Assembly of North East Asia whose jurisdiction included Japan, Korea, Formosa, Macau, Hong Kong, Hainan Island and Sakhalin Island.^[5]

The Hong Kong and Macau Baháʼí communities had a close relationship fostered by their proximity and similar circumstances. They were jointly administered in this period until Macau established its own National Spiritual Assembly in 1989 – firstly by the Regional Spiritual Assembly, and later under the National Spiritual Assembly of Hong Kong.

By 1961 there were approximately 60 Baháʼís in Hong Kong and three Local Spiritual Assemblies. Much of the growth was assisted by pioneers of Chinese background from the Malaysian Baháʼí community who could best help with contacts and support with the Chinese community living in Hong Kong. Hong Kong established a Baháʼí Centre which officially opened in August 1968. It housed the secretariat, and had live-in facilities as well as having a room for study classes and public meetings.

By 1974 there were five local assemblies in Hong Kong and the Universal House of Justice decided it was time for the Hong Kong Baháʼís to establish a National Spiritual Assembly. The formation of the national assembly was the culmination of efforts commenced by Baháʼís some 104 years before and a cause for great celebration in the Baháʼí communities of Hong Kong and elsewhere.

In the years since the formation of the national assembly, the Hong Kong Baháʼí community continued to expand. By 1979 they had grown to ten local assemblies and a total of twenty-six localities. By 1991 there were twenty-two local assemblies in Hong Kong.^[2]

[ Updates for 2010 requested ]

Modernity

Despite the agreement to transfer sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997 and its designation as a special administrative region (SAR) (but with the retention of many unique governmental systems for at least 50 years), the position of the Baháʼí administration in Hong Kong – its administration, membership and communities – in the context of local laws has remained unchanged. The "National" Spiritual Assembly is now referred to as the "Spiritual Assembly" or "Main Spiritual Assembly" in Chinese and still retains jurisdiction over the Local Spiritual Assemblies in Hong Kong. It is elected from the generality of Baháʼí residents in the community of Hong Kong SAR.

Like numerous communities around the world, the Hong Kong Baháʼí Community undertakes community-building activities in the Hong Kong SAR. These consist of: "meetings that strengthen the devotional character of the community; classes that nurture the tender hearts and minds of children; groups that channel the surging energies of junior youth; circles of study, open to all, that enable people of varied backgrounds to advance on equal footing and explore the application of the teachings to their individual and collective lives."^[6]

The Hong Kong Baháʼí Community, together with the Macau Baháʼí Community, frequently act as liaison and contact points with the Government of the People's Republic of China since there is no administrative structure for the Baháʼí Faith operating in mainland China.

The Hong Kong Baháʼí Community has also been involved with exchanges, conferences and events with government, academic, and non-governmental organisations that explore the application of the Baháʼí teachings to the advancement of society. It also leads events and activities that promote religious and societal unity and advancement (such as the annual commemoration of World Religion Day which "call(s) attention to the harmony of the various religions' spiritual principles and to emphasize that religion is the motivating force for world unity.")^[7]

In 2005 the Association of Religion Data Archives (relying mostly on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated the Baháʼí population of Hong Kong at about 1100.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "Most Baha'i Nations (2005)". QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hassall, Graham (January 2000). The Baháʼí Faith in Hong Kong, Baháʼí Academic Library http://bahai-library.com/hassall_bahai_hong_kong
^ Garis, M.R. (1983). Martha Root: Lioness at the Threshold. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust.
^ Datwani, Lachmi, (in collaboration with Mrs. Rose Ong). The Challenging years – Early history of the Bahai Faith in Hong Kong. (National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of Hong Kong)
^ Sims, Barbara R. (1991) "The Macau Baháʼí Community in the Early Years", http://bahai-library.com/east-asia/macau/
^ Universal House of Justice, "To the Bahaʼis of the World", Ridvan 2010
^ Baha'is of the United States website, http://www.bahai.us/world-religion-day Archived 28 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Hong Kong Baháʼí Community

[WCE-05-1] "Most Baha'i Nations (2005)". QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2012.

[Hassall-2] Hassall, Graham (January 2000). The Baháʼí Faith in Hong Kong, Baháʼí Academic Library http://bahai-library.com/hassall_bahai_hong_kong

[3] Garis, M.R. (1983). Martha Root: Lioness at the Threshold. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust.

[4] Datwani, Lachmi, (in collaboration with Mrs. Rose Ong). The Challenging years – Early history of the Bahai Faith in Hong Kong. (National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of Hong Kong)

[5] Sims, Barbara R. (1991) "The Macau Baháʼí Community in the Early Years", http://bahai-library.com/east-asia/macau/

[6] Universal House of Justice, "To the Bahaʼis of the World", Ridvan 2010

[7] Baha'is of the United States website, http://www.bahai.us/world-religion-day Archived 28 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine

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[2]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
-{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=January 2011}}
+{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
+{{Baháʼí sidebar}}
+The '''[[Baháʼí Faith]] in Hong Kong''' began during the lifetime of the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, [[Baháʼu'lláh]].
+[[Hong Kong]]'s history as crown colony of the [[United Kingdom]] and then a special administrative region of the [[People's Republic of China]] has given it a unique history – a history that has impacted the structure and growth of the Baháʼí Faith there.  Of course the cataclysm of the World Wars and other major events impacted the Baháʼí community as it did the citizenry in generally. In 2005 the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (relying mostly on [[World Christian Encyclopedia]]) estimated the Baháʼí population of Hong Kong at about 1100.<ref name="WCE-05">{{cite web | title = Most Baha'i Nations (2005) | work = QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions > | publisher = The Association of Religion Data Archives | year = 2005 | url = http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_40c.asp | accessdate = 16 September 2012 | archive-date = 23 January 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160123095007/http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_40c.asp | url-status = dead }}</ref>
-{{Bahá'í}}
+==Migration==
-'''Bahá'í Faith in Hong Kong'''
+As a commercial center and relatively open city even in the 1870s, Hong Kong became a location where non-Chinese Baháʼís could settle and earn a living in trade or other commercial activities. The first Baháʼí in China was recorded as having lived in Shanghai in 1862. In 1870, this person was joined by his brother and they established a trading company.<ref name="Hassall"/>
+In the period 1881–1882 a nephew of the wife of the [[Báb]] resided in Hong Kong.
-The [[Bahá'í Faith]] in Hong Kong began during the lifetime of the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, [[Bahá'u'lláh]] .
+Hong Kong was a frequent transit hub throughout the early 1900s for western Baháʼís travelling to China and other parts of Asia. Among these travelers was [[Martha Root]] who started traveling in 1924 and on several subsequent trips, she met with editors, librarians, and the president of the university. She spoke on radio, at the Hong Kong University and had several press articles in local papers.<ref>Garis, M.R. (1983). Martha Root: Lioness at the Threshold. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust.</ref>
-[[Hong Kong]]’s history as a special administrative region of Great Britain and then of the People’s Republic of China has given it a unique history – a history that has impacted the structure and growth of the Bahá'í Faith there.  Of course the cataclysm of the World Wars and other major events impacted the Bahá'í community there as it did the citizenry generally.
+Association with so many Baháʼís from other lands gave heart to the Hong Kong Baháʼí expatriate community and demonstrated to the first Hong Kong Baháʼís the reality of the global community that they became a part of.
+Charles Duncan, [[Knight of Baháʼu'lláh]] to Brunei, recorded of this period that [[Pioneering (Baháʼí)|pioneers]] moved there and that slowly a community was built in Hong Kong consisting of longtime residents. They were of Chinese, Indian, British and Southeast Asian backgrounds. He indicated there was a constant stream of Baháʼí visitors from abroad.<ref name="Hassall">Hassall, Graham (January 2000). The Baháʼí Faith in Hong Kong, Baháʼí Academic Library http://bahai-library.com/hassall_bahai_hong_kong</ref>
-=== BEGINNINGS AND EARLY PERIOD ===
+Pei Tswi, a Baháʼí who lived in Hong Kong for a decade from the late 1920s, and Liu Chan Song, are the only Chinese Baháʼís known to have resided in Hong Kong just prior to the [[Second World War]].<ref name="Hassall"/>
-As a commercial center and relatively open city even in the 1870’s, Hong Kong became a location where non-Chinese Bahá'ís could settle and earn a living in trade or other commercial activities.   The  first Bahá'í in China was recorded as having lived in Shanghai in 1862 with that individual moving to Hong Kong in 1870.  He was joined by his brother and they established a trading company. <ref name="Hassall"/>
+==Maturity==
-In the period 1881-1882 a nephew of the wife of the [[Báb]] resided in Hong Kong.
+Starting in 1953 there was a concerted effort to establish a permanent community of Baháʼís in Hong Kong and with dedicated efforts this was accomplished by the mid1950s.
-Hong Kong was a frequent transit stop throughout the early 1900’s for western Bahá'ís traveling to China and other parts of Asia.   [[Martha Root]] was chief among these starting in 1924 and on several subsequent trips.  In Hong Kong she met with editors, librarians, and the president of the university. She spoke on radio, at the Hong Kong University and had several press articles in local papers. <ref>Garis, M.R. (1983). Martha Root: Lioness at the Threshold. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. </ref>
+The enrolment of four new members allowed the Hong Kong Baháʼís to form their first Baháʼí [[Spiritual Assembly|Local Spiritual Assembly]] in 1956.  The Local Spiritual Assembly was registered with the Hong Kong government as a society on 29 May 1958, then incorporated in 1969. These were transferred to the National Spiritual Assembly when it was formed in 1974.  At the beginning of 1957 there were 14 members in the Hong Kong Baháʼí community.<ref>Datwani, Lachmi, (in collaboration with Mrs. Rose Ong). ''The Challenging years – Early history of the Bahai Faith in Hong Kong''.  (National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of Hong Kong)</ref>
-Association with so many Bahá'ís from other lands thus gave heart to the Hong Kong Bahá'í expatriate community and demonstrated to the first Hong Kong Bahá'ís the reality of the global community of which they had become a part.
+From 1957 until 1974 Hong Kong was under the administration of the Regional Spiritual Assembly of North East Asia whose jurisdiction included Japan, Korea, Formosa, Macau, Hong Kong, Hainan Island and Sakhalin Island.<ref>Sims, Barbara R. (1991) "The Macau Baháʼí Community in the Early Years", http://bahai-library.com/east-asia/macau/</ref>
-Charles Duncan, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh to Brunei, later recorded of this period that pioneers came and went and that slowly a community was built in Hong Kong consisting of long time residents. They were of Chinese, Indian, British and Southeast Asian backgrounds. He indicated there was a constant stream of Bahá'í visitors from abroad.<ref name="Hassall">Hassall, Graham (January 2000). The Bahá'í Faith in Hong Kong, Bahá'í Academic Library http://bahai-library.com/hassall_bahai_hong_kong</ref>
+The Hong Kong and Macau Baháʼí communities had a close relationship fostered by their proximity and similar circumstances.  They were jointly administered in this period until Macau established its own [[National Spiritual Assembly]] in 1989 – firstly by the Regional Spiritual Assembly, and later under the National Spiritual Assembly of Hong Kong.
-Mr Pei Tswi, a Bahá'í who lived in Hong Kong for a decade from the late 1920’s, and Liu Chan Song are the only Chinese Bahá'ís known to have resided in Hong Kong just prior to the Second World War.<ref name="Hassall"/>
+By 1961 there were approximately 60 Baháʼís in Hong Kong and three Local Spiritual Assemblies. Much of the growth was assisted by pioneers of Chinese background from the Malaysian Baháʼí community who could best help with contacts and support with the Chinese community living in Hong Kong.
-=== RECENT ERA ===
+Hong Kong established a Baháʼí Centre which officially opened in August 1968.  It housed the secretariat, and had live-in facilities as well as having a room for study classes and public meetings.
+By 1974 there were five local assemblies in Hong Kong and the [[Universal House of Justice]] decided it was time for the Hong Kong Baháʼís to establish a National Spiritual Assembly. The formation of the national assembly was the culmination of efforts commenced by Baháʼís some 104 years before and a cause for great celebration in the Baháʼí communities of Hong Kong and elsewhere.
-Starting in 1953 there was a concerted effort to establish a permanent community of Bahá'ís in Hong Kong and with dedicated efforts this was accomplished by the mid 1950’s.
+In the years since the formation of the national assembly, the Hong Kong Baháʼí community continued to expand.
-The enrollment of four new members allowed the Hong Kong Bahá'ís to form their first [[Spiritual Assembly|Local Spiritual Assembly]] in 1956.  At the beginning of 1957 there were 14 members in the Hong Kong Bahá'í community.<ref>Datwani, Lachmi, (in collaboration with Mrs. Rose Ong). ''The Challenging years - Early history of the Bahai Faith in Hong Kong''.  (National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha’is of Hong Kong)</ref>
+By 1979 they had grown to ten local assemblies and a total of twenty-six localities. By 1991 there were twenty-two local assemblies in Hong Kong.<ref name="Hassall"/>
-From 1957 until 1974 Hong Kong was under the administration of the Regional Spiritual Assembly of North East Asia. whose jurisdiction included Japan, Korea, Formosa, Macau, Hong Kong, Hainan Island and Sakhalin Island.<ref>Sims, Barbara R. (1991) “The Macau Bahá'í Community in the Early Years”, http://bahai-library.com/east-asia/macau/</ref>
-The Hong Kong and Macau Bahá'í communities had a close relationship fostered by their proximity and similar circumstances.  They were jointly administered in this period until Macau established its own National Spiritual Assembly in 1989 - first under the Regional Spiritual Assembly of North East Asia and later under the National Spiritual Assembly of Hong Kong.
-Hong Kong established a Bahá'í Centre which officially opened in August 1968.  It housed the National secretariat, and had live-in facilities as well as room for study classes and meetings that were open to the public.
-Hong Kong at this time had a status similar to a sovereign country and so could qualify to establish a [[Spiritual Assembly|National Spiritual Assembly]] once there were enough Local Spiritual Assemblies in the districts of Hong Kong and sufficient number of Bahá'ís overall in the “country”.
-By 1961 there were approximately 60 Bahá'ís in Hong Kong and three Local Spiritual Assemblies. Much of the growth was assisted by pioneers of Chinese background from the Malaysian Bahá'í community who could best help with contacts and support with the Chinese community living in Hong Kong.
-By 1974 there were five Local Spiritual Assemblies in Hong Kong and the Universal House of Justice decided it was time for the Hong Kong Bahá'ís to establish a National Spiritual Assembly.
-The formation of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Hong Kong in 1974 was the culmination of efforts commenced by Bahá'ís some 104 years before and a cause for great celebration in the Bahá'í communities of Hong Kong and elsewhere.
-In the years since the formation of the National Spiritual Assembly, the Hong Kong Bahá'í community continued to expand.
-By 1979 they had grown to ten Local Spiritual Assemblies and a total of twenty-six localities. By 1991 there were twenty-two Local Spiritual Assemblies in Hong Kong.<ref name="Hassall"/>
 [ Updates for 2010 requested ]
+==Modernity==
+Despite the agreement to transfer sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997 and its designation as a [[Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China|special administrative region (SAR)]] (but with the retention of many unique governmental systems for at least 50 years), the position of the Baháʼí administration in Hong Kong – its administration, membership and communities – in the context of local laws has remained unchanged. The "National" Spiritual Assembly is now referred to as the "Spiritual Assembly" or "Main Spiritual Assembly" in Chinese and still retains jurisdiction over the Local Spiritual Assemblies in Hong Kong. It is elected from the generality of Baháʼí residents in the community of Hong Kong SAR.
+Like numerous communities around the world, the Hong Kong Baháʼí Community undertakes community-building activities in the Hong Kong SAR.  These consist of:   "meetings that strengthen the devotional character of the community; classes that nurture the tender hearts and minds of children; groups that channel the surging energies of junior youth; circles of study, open to all, that enable people of varied backgrounds to advance on equal footing and explore the application of the teachings to their individual and collective lives."<ref>Universal House of Justice, "To the Bahaʼis of the World", Ridvan 2010</ref>
-=== MODERN COMMUNITY ===
-With the agreement to transfer sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997 and its designation as a special administrative region (SAR) (but with the retention of many unique governmental systems for at least 50 years), the position of the Bahá'í administration in Hong Kong changed and is in transition.  Its shape will depend, to a large degree, on the shape that Hong Kong’s relationship to mainland China takes. There is no longer a “National” Spiritual Assembly for Hong Kong but there is a coordinating Spiritual Assembly -- operating under the banner of the “Hong Kong Bahá'í Community” -- to oversee the activities for the SAR and its Local Spiritual Assemblies and to operate in a similar vein as the previous National Spiritual Assembly.  It is elected from the generality of Bahá'í residents in the community of Hong Kong SAR.
+The Hong Kong Baháʼí Community, together with the [[Baháʼí Faith in Macau|Macau Baháʼí Community]], frequently act as liaison and contact points with the Government of the People's Republic of China since there is no administrative structure for the Baháʼí Faith operating in mainland China.
-Like numerous communities around the world, the Hong Kong Bahá'í Community undertakes  community-building activities in the Hong Kong SAR.  These consist of:   “meetings that strengthen the devotional character of the community; classes that nurture the tender hearts and minds of children; groups that channel the surging energies of junior youth; circles of study, open to all, that enable people of varied backgrounds to advance on equal footing and explore the application of the teachings to their individual and collective lives." <ref>Universal House of Justice, “To the Baha’is of the World”,  Ridvan 2010</ref>
+The Hong Kong Baháʼí Community has also been involved with exchanges, conferences and events with government, academic, and non-governmental organisations that explore the application of the Baháʼí teachings to the advancement of society. It also leads events and activities that promote religious and societal unity and advancement (such as the annual commemoration of World Religion Day which "call(s) attention to the harmony of the various religions' spiritual principles and to emphasize that religion is the motivating force for world unity.")<ref>Baha'is of the United States website, http://www.bahai.us/world-religion-day {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228032719/http://www.bahai.us/world-religion-day |date=28 December 2010 }}</ref>
-The Hong Kong Bahá'í Community, together with the Macau Bahá'í Community, frequently act as liaison and contact points with the Government of the Peoples Republic of China since there is no administrative structure for the Bahá'í Faith operating in mainland China.
-The Hong Kong Bahá'í Community has also been involved with exchanges, conferences and events with government, academic, and non-governmental organizations that explore the application of the Bahá'í teachings to the advancement of society.
-The Bahá'í Center in Hong Kong is located at:
-C6, 11h Floor,
-Hankow Centre,
-C, Middle Road,
-Tsimshatsui, Kowloon
-and the web site for the community is:  [http://hk.bahai.org hk.bahai.org]
+In 2005 the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (relying mostly on [[World Christian Encyclopedia]]) estimated the Baháʼí population of Hong Kong at about 1100.<ref name="WCE-05"/>
+==See also==
+*[[Religion in Hong Kong]]
+*[[History of Hong Kong]]
 == References ==
@@ Line 76: / Line 60: @@
 {{Reflist}}
+==Further reading==
+* {{cite journal
+| author=David A. Palmer
+ | title =From "Congregations" to "Small Group Community Building"
+ | journal =Chinese Sociological Review
+ | volume =45
+ | issue =2
+ | pages =78–98
+ | date =2012
+ | issn =2162-0563
+ | doi=10.2753/CSA2162-0555450205
+ | hdl =10722/189427
+ | hdl-access =free
+ }}
 == External links ==
-* [http://%20hk.bahai.org Hong Kong Bahá'í Community]
+* [http://hk.bahai.org Hong Kong Baháʼí Community]
+{{Asia topic|Baháʼí Faith in}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Baha'i Faith in Hong Kong}}
-<!--- Categories --->
-[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]
+[[Category:Bahá'í Faith in China|Hong Kong]]
-[[Category:Bahá'í Faith by country]]
 [[Category:Religion in Hong Kong]]
-{{Asia topic|Bahá'í Faith in}}

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