Jump to content

Smutsia: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m linking
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Genus of mammals}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|fossil_range = {{fossil_range|9.78|0|earliest=20.35}} Late [[Miocene]] - present<ref name="Heighton2023"/>
|name = African ground pangolin
|fossil_range = {{fossil_range|9.8|0}} Late [[Miocene]] - Present<ref name="Gaubert2018">Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) [https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/109/4/347/4622594 "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth"] Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359</ref>
|image = Smutsia.jpg
|image = Smutsia.jpg
|image_caption = Pangolins from genus ''Smutsia''
|image_caption = Pangolins from genus ''Smutsia''
|parent_authority = Gray, 1873<ref name="Gray1873">{{cite journal |last=Gray |first=J. E. |year=1873 |title=Hand-list of the edentate, thick-skinned and ruminant mammals in the British Museum |url=https://archive.org/details/biostor-169873/mode/2up |publisher=London, Printed by order of the Trustees |pages=1–176}}</ref>
|taxon = Smutsia
|taxon = Smutsia
|parent_authority = Gray, 1873
|authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1865<ref name="Gray1865">{{cite journal |last=Gray |first=J. E. |year=1865 |title=Revision of the genera and species of entomophagous edentata, founded on the examination of the specimens in the British Museum |url=https://archive.org/details/biostor-103533/mode/2up |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society |pages=359–386}}</ref>
|authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1865
|type_species = ''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]''
|type_species = ''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]''
|type_species_authority = Illiger, 1815
|type_species_authority = Illiger, 1815
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision =
|subdivision =
* ''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]''
* ''[[Giant pangolin|S. gigantea]]'' {{small|(Illiger, 1815)}}
* ''[[Ground pangolin|Smutsia temminckii]]''
* ''[[Ground pangolin|S. temminckii]]'' {{small|(Smuts, 1832)}}
* †''[[Smutsia olteniensis|S. olteniensis]]'' {{small|(Terhune, 2021)}}
|range_map = Manis ranges.png
|range_map = Manis ranges.png
|range_map_caption =
|range_map_caption =
Line 24: Line 25:
}}
}}


'''''Smutsia''''', better known as the '''African ground pangolins''', is a genus of African [[pangolin]]s from subfamily '''large African pangolins''' (Smutsiinae), within family [[Manidae]]. It was formerly considered a subgenus of ''[[Manis]]''.<ref name="Schlitter">{{MSW3 Pholidota |id=13900006 |pages=530-531}}</ref> Its members are the more [[terrestrial locomotion|terrestrial]] of the African pangolins.<ref name="du Toit2017">{{cite journal |last1=du Toit |first1=Z. |last2=du Plessis |first2=M. |last3=Dalton |first3=D. L. |last4=Jansen |first4=R. |last5=Paul Grobler |first5=J. |last6=Kotzé |first6=A. |title=Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=18 |issue=1 |year=2017 |page=746 |doi=10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5 |pmid=28934931 |pmc=5609056 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
'''African ground pangolin''' ('''''Smutsia''''' - "[[Johannes Smuts|Smuts's]] animal") is a genus of [[pangolin]]s from subfamily '''Smutsiinae''' within family [[Manidae]]. It was formerly considered a subgenus of genus ''[[Manis]]''.<ref name="Schlitter">{{MSW3 Pholidota |id=13900006 |pages=530-531}}</ref> Its members are the more [[terrestrial locomotion|terrestrial]] of the [[Africa]]n pangolins.<ref name="du Toit2017">{{cite journal |last1=du Toit |first1=Z. |last2=du Plessis |first2=M. |last3=Dalton |first3=D. L. |last4=Jansen |first4=R. |last5=Paul Grobler |first5=J. |last6=Kotzé |first6=A. |title=Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=18 |issue=1 |year=2017 |page=746 |doi=10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5 |pmid=28934931 |pmc=5609056 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In past, this genus was also present in [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/smutsia-olteniensis-10454.html |title=Two-Million-Year-Old Pangolin Fossil Found in Romania &#124; Sci.News |date=12 January 2022}}</ref>

'''Description'''

The Smutsia species can be easily distinguished due to the layer of protective horny scales. They have a long streamlined body, its small coned shaped head, and thick tails that are covered with overlapping scales that resemble artichoke leaves. The color of these scales are between a yellow and brown color and are composed of fused hairs. These scales are often important to this species, when it feels threatened, they will roll itself into an impenetrable ball and the sharp scales are left exposed to the predator.

'''Diet and nutrition'''

The ground pangolins are carnivorous animals that only eat termites and ants and oftentimes will also eat larvae and other soft-bodied insects.

'''Mating life'''

Ground pangolins are described as [[polygyny in animals|polygynous]] animals which means when one male [[mating|mates]] with multiple females but females can only mate with a single male. During the mating process, gestation may occur for 139 days until one young is born. The setting in which this occurs is an underground shelter until the babies reach 2 to 4 weeks then they are carried outside. The baby will stay with its mother until it reaches 3 months of birth. Pups are able to start the breeding process until they are 5–7 years old.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The British [[naturalist]] [[John Edward Gray]] named ''Smutsia'' for the [[South Africa]]n naturalist [[Johannes Smuts]] (1808–1869),<ref>{{cite web |title=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science [Johannes Smuts] |url=http://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2641 |access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Palmer |first=T.S. |date=1904 |title=Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals |journal=North American Fauna |volume=23 |pages=635 |doi=10.3996/nafa.23.0001 |doi-access=free}}</ref> the first South African to write a [[treatise]] on mammals in 1832 (in which he described the species ''Manis temminckii'').
British [[naturalist]] [[John Edward Gray]] named ''Smutsia'' for [[South Africa]]n naturalist [[Johannes Smuts]] (1808–1869),<ref>{{cite web |title=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science [Johannes Smuts] |url=http://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2641 |access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Palmer |first=T.S. |date=1904 |title=Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals |journal=North American Fauna |volume=23 |pages=635 |doi=10.3996/nafa.23.0001 |doi-access=free}}</ref> the first South African to write a [[treatise]] on mammals in 1832 (in which he described the species ''[[Ground pangolin|Manis temminckii]]'').


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
* Subfamily: '''Smutsiinae''' (large African pangolins)
* Subfamily: '''Smutsiinae''' {{small|(Gray, 1873)}} (large African pangolins)
** Genus: '''''Smutsia''''' (African ground pangolin)
** Genus: '''''Smutsia''''' {{small|(Gray, 1865)}} (African ground pangolin)
*** ''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]'' (Giant pangolin)
*** ''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]'' {{small|(Illiger, 1815)}} (giant pangolin)
*** ''[[Ground pangolin|Smutsia temminckii]]'' (Ground pangolin)
*** ''[[Ground pangolin|Smutsia temminckii]]'' {{small|(Smuts, 1832)}} (ground pangolin)
*** †''[[Smutsia olteniensis]]'' {{small|(Terhune, 2021)}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Terhune |first1=C. E. |last2=Gaudin |first2=T. |last3=Curran |first3=S. |last4=Petculescu |first4=A. |year=2021 |title=The youngest pangolin (Mammalia, Pholidota) from Europe |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=e1990075 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2021.1990075 |bibcode=2021JVPal..41E0075T |s2cid=245394367}}</ref>


==Phylogeny==
==Phylogeny==
Phylogenetic position of genus ''Smutsia'' within family Manidae.<ref name="web2.utc.edu">{{cite journal |last=Gaudin |first=Timothy |year=2009 |title=The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |location=Heidelberg, Germany |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=235–305 |doi=10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9 |s2cid=1773698 |url=http://web2.utc.edu/~gvv824/Gaudin%20et%20al%202009.pdf}}</ref><ref name="KondrashovAgadjanian2012">{{cite journal |last1=Kondrashov |first1=Peter |last2=Agadjanian |first2=Alexandre K. |title=A nearly complete skeleton of ''Ernanodon'' (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=32 |issue=5 |year=2012 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.694319 |pages=983–1001|s2cid=86059673 }}</ref><ref name="Gaubert2018"/>
Phylogenetic position of genus ''Smutsia'' within family Manidae<ref name="web2.utc.edu">{{cite journal |last=Gaudin |first=Timothy |year=2009 |title=The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |location=Heidelberg, Germany |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=235–305 |doi=10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9 |s2cid=1773698 |url=http://web2.utc.edu/~gvv824/Gaudin%20et%20al%202009.pdf |access-date=2020-12-20 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925134257/http://web2.utc.edu/~gvv824/Gaudin%20et%20al%202009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="KondrashovAgadjanian2012">{{cite journal |last1=Kondrashov |first1=Peter |last2=Agadjanian |first2=Alexandre K. |title=A nearly complete skeleton of ''Ernanodon'' (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=32 |issue=5 |year=2012 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.694319 |pages=983–1001|bibcode=2012JVPal..32..983K |s2cid=86059673 }}</ref><ref name="Gaubert2018">Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) [https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/109/4/347/4622594 "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth"] Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359</ref><ref name="Heighton2023">Sean P. Heighton, Rémi Allio, Jérôme Murienne, Jordi Salmona, Hao Meng, Céline Scornavacca, Armanda D. S. Bastos, Flobert Njiokou, Darren W. Pietersen, Marie-Ka Tilak, Shu-Jin Luo, Frédéric Delsuc, Philippe Gaubert (2023.) [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528682v1 "Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world’s most trafficked wild mammals"]</ref>
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;
|label1=&nbsp;'''[[Pholidotamorpha]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel1=&nbsp;{{small|('''Pholidota''' ''sensu lato'')}}&nbsp;
|label1=&nbsp;'''[[Pholidotamorpha]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel1=&nbsp;{{small|('''Pholidota''' ''sensu lato'')}}&nbsp;
Line 46: Line 60:
|1=†''[[Euromanis]]''
|1=†''[[Euromanis]]''
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†pholidota sp. (''BC 16’08'')
|2=†[[Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)|Pholidota sp. (''BC 16’08'')]]
|3={{clade
|3={{clade
|1=†'''[[Eurotamandua|Eurotamanduidae]]'''
|1=†'''[[Eurotamandua|Eurotamanduidae]]'''
Line 54: Line 68:
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Manoidea]]'''&nbsp;
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Manoidea]]'''&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
⚫
|thickness2=2
|1=†'''[[Patriomanidae]]'''
|1=†'''[[Patriomanidae]]'''
|2={{clade
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|thickness1=2 |label1=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state1=dotted
|2=†''[[Necromanis]]''
|1=†''[[Necromanis]]''
|label3=&nbsp;'''[[Manidae]]'''&nbsp;
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Manidae]]'''&nbsp;
|3={{clade
|2={{clade
|thickness2=2
|1='''[[Manis|Maninae]]''' [[File:Pangolin Hardwicke (white background).jpg|60px]]
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†[[Fayum pangolin|Manidae sp. (''DPC 3972 & DPC 4364'')]]
|label3=&nbsp;'''Smutsiinae'''&nbsp; |sublabel3=&nbsp;''sensu lato''&nbsp; |grouplabel3={{Uline|c=green|&nbsp;'''african clade'''&nbsp;}} |barbegin3=green |barend3=green
⚫
|3={{clade
|thickness2=2
|thickness2=2
|1='''[[Manis|Maninae]]''' [[File:Pangolin Hardwicke (white background).jpg|60px]]
|1='''[[Phataginus|Phatagininae]]''' [[File:Anatomische Untersuchungen über die Edentaten (1852) Phataginus tricuspis.png|90px]]
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|label2=&nbsp;'''Smutsiinae'''&nbsp; |sublabel2=&nbsp;''sensu stricto''&nbsp;
|2=†[[Fayum pangolin|manidае sp. (''DPC 3972 & DPC 4364'')]]
|2={{clade
|label3=&nbsp;'''Smutsiinae'''&nbsp; |sublabel3=&nbsp;''sensu lato''&nbsp;
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;'''''Smutsia'''''&nbsp;
|3={{clade
|1={{clade
|thickness2=2
|thickness=2
|1='''[[Phataginus|Phatagininae]]''' [[File:Anatomische Untersuchungen über die Edentaten (1852) Phataginus tricuspis.png|90px]]
|1=''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]'' [[File:Cambridge Natural History Mammalia Fig 109.jpg|60px]]
|label2=&nbsp;'''Smutsiinae'''&nbsp; |sublabel2=&nbsp;''sensu stricto''&nbsp;
|2=†''[[Smutsia olteniensis]]''
|2={{clade
|3=''[[Ground pangolin|Smutsia temminckii]]'' [[File:Manis temminckii MHNT PHOL 1.jpg|60px]]
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;'''''Smutsia'''''&nbsp;
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
⚫
|1={{clade
⚫
|thickness=2
|1=''[[Giant pangolin|Smutsia gigantea]]'' [[File:Cambridge Natural History Mammalia Fig 109.jpg|60px]]
|2=†''Smutsia'' sp. (Olteţ River Valley, Romania)
|3=''[[Ground pangolin|Smutsia temminckii]]'' [[File:Manis temminckii MHNT PHOL 1.jpg|60px]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}


==References==
==See also==
* [[Mammal classification]]
{{Reflist}}
* [[Manidae]]


==References==
{{Pholidota}}
{{Reflist|2}}<ref>{{Citation |title=Smutsia temminckii Ground Pangolin (Temminck's Ground Pangolin, Cape Pangolin) : Fr. Pangolin terrestre du Cap; Ger. Steppenschuppentier |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472926951.0093 |work=Mammals of Africa : Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses |date=2013 |access-date=2023-10-28 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|doi=10.5040/9781472926951.0093 |isbn=978-1-4729-2695-1 }}</ref>{{Pholidota}}
{{Pholidotamorpha|state=autocollapse}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q16516911}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q16516911}}


Line 90: Line 105:
[[Category:Taxa described in 1865]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 1865]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]



{{mammal-stub}}
{{mammal-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:42, 7 July 2024

Smutsia
Temporal range: 9.78–0 Ma Late Miocene - present[1]
Pangolins from genus Smutsia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Pholidota
Family: Manidae
Subfamily: Smutsiinae
Gray, 1873[3]
Genus: Smutsia
Gray, 1865[2]
Type species
Smutsia gigantea
Illiger, 1815
Species
  Smutsia gigantea
  Smutsia temminckii
Synonyms
synonyms of subfamily:
  • Smutsiana (Gray, 1873)
  • Smutsiini (Gray, 1873)

African ground pangolin (Smutsia - "Smuts's animal") is a genus of pangolins from subfamily Smutsiinae within family Manidae. It was formerly considered a subgenus of genus Manis.[4] Its members are the more terrestrial of the African pangolins.[5] In past, this genus was also present in Europe.[6]

Description

The Smutsia species can be easily distinguished due to the layer of protective horny scales. They have a long streamlined body, its small coned shaped head, and thick tails that are covered with overlapping scales that resemble artichoke leaves. The color of these scales are between a yellow and brown color and are composed of fused hairs. These scales are often important to this species, when it feels threatened, they will roll itself into an impenetrable ball and the sharp scales are left exposed to the predator.

Diet and nutrition

The ground pangolins are carnivorous animals that only eat termites and ants and oftentimes will also eat larvae and other soft-bodied insects.

Mating life

Ground pangolins are described as polygynous animals which means when one male mates with multiple females but females can only mate with a single male. During the mating process, gestation may occur for 139 days until one young is born. The setting in which this occurs is an underground shelter until the babies reach 2 to 4 weeks then they are carried outside. The baby will stay with its mother until it reaches 3 months of birth. Pups are able to start the breeding process until they are 5–7 years old.

Etymology

[edit]

British naturalist John Edward Gray named Smutsia for South African naturalist Johannes Smuts (1808–1869),[7][8] the first South African to write a treatise on mammals in 1832 (in which he described the species Manis temminckii).

Taxonomy

[edit]

Phylogeny

[edit]

Phylogenetic position of genus Smutsia within family Manidae[10][11][12][1]

 Pholidotamorpha 

†Palaeanodonta

 Pholidota 

†Euromanis

 ? 

†Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

†Eurotamanduidae

 Eupholidota 

†Eomanoidea

 Manoidea 

†Patriomanidae

 ? 

†Necromanis

 Manidae 

Maninae

 ? 

†Manidae sp. (DPC 3972 & DPC 4364)

 Smutsiinae 

Phatagininae

 Smutsiinae 
 sensu stricto 
 african clade 
 sensu lato 
 sensu stricto 
 (Pholidota sensu lato) 

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Sean P. Heighton, Rémi Allio, Jérôme Murienne, Jordi Salmona, Hao Meng, Céline Scornavacca, Armanda D. S. Bastos, Flobert Njiokou, Darren W. Pietersen, Marie-Ka Tilak, Shu-Jin Luo, Frédéric Delsuc, Philippe Gaubert (2023.) "Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world’s most trafficked wild mammals"
  2. ^ Gray, J. E. (1865). "Revision of the genera and species of entomophagous edentata, founded on the examination of the specimens in the British Museum". Proceedings of the Zoological Society: 359–386.
  3. ^ Gray, J. E. (1873). "Hand-list of the edentate, thick-skinned and ruminant mammals in the British Museum". London, Printed by order of the Trustees: 1–176. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ Schlitter, D.A. (2005). "Order Pholidota". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  5. ^ du Toit, Z.; du Plessis, M.; Dalton, D. L.; Jansen, R.; Paul Grobler, J.; Kotzé, A. (2017). "Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 746. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5. PMC 5609056. PMID 28934931.
  6. ^ "Two-Million-Year-Old Pangolin Fossil Found in Romania | Sci.News". 12 January 2022.
  7. ^ "S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science [Johannes Smuts]". Retrieved May 28, 2018.
  8. ^ Palmer, T.S. (1904). "Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals". North American Fauna. 23: 635. doi:10.3996/nafa.23.0001.
  9. ^ Terhune, C. E.; Gaudin, T.; Curran, S.; Petculescu, A. (2021). "The youngest pangolin (Mammalia, Pholidota) from Europe". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (4): e1990075. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E0075T. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1990075. S2CID 245394367.
  10. ^ Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  11. ^ Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..983K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.
  12. ^ Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth" Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359

[1]


Stub icon

This article about a mammal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

  1. ^ "Smutsia temminckii Ground Pangolin (Temminck's Ground Pangolin, Cape Pangolin) : Fr. Pangolin terrestre du Cap; Ger. Steppenschuppentier", Mammals of Africa : Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013, doi:10.5040/9781472926951.0093, ISBN 978-1-4729-2695-1, retrieved 2023-10-28
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Smutsia&oldid=1233065971"