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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Gulf saratoga
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| image = Scleropages_jardinii_043.JPG
| trend = unknown
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| image_caption =
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| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status = LC
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2008 |assessor = Savage, A. |assessor2 = Causado, J. |last-assessor-amp = yes | year = 2008 | title = Scleropages jardinii | id = 19823 | downloaded = 2 January 2009}}</ref>
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| status_system = IUCN3.1
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| image = Scleropages_jardinii_043.JPG
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Ebner, B. |author2=Hammer, M. |date=2019 |title=''Scleropages jardinii'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T122899850A123382026 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122899850A123382026.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| image_width = 250px
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| taxon = Scleropages jardinii
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| image_caption =
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| authority = ([[William Saville-Kent|Saville-Kent]], 1892)
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| range_map = Scleropages jardinii Map.jpg
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Osteoglossiformes]]
| familia = [[Osteoglossidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Osteoglossinae]]
| genus = ''[[Scleropages]]''
| species = '''''S. jardinii'''''
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| binomial = ''Scleropages jardinii''
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| binomial_authority = ([[William Saville-Kent|Saville-Kent]], 1892)
}}
}}
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The '''Gulf saratoga''' or '''Northern saratoga''', ''Scleropages jardinii'', is a [[freshwater]] [[bony fish]] native to [[Australia]] and [[New Guinea]], one of two species of fishes sometimes known as Australian [[arowana]]s, the other being the [[Saratoga (fish)|saratoga]] (''S. leichardti''). It has numerous other common names, including northern saratoga, Australian bonytongue, toga and barramundi (not to be confused with the [[barramundi]] perch, ''[[Lates calcarifer]]''). It is a member of the subfamily [[Osteoglossinae]], a ([[primitive (biology)|basal]]) [[teleost]] group. Its scientific name is sometimes spelled ''S. jardini''.


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'''''Scleropages jardinii''''', the '''Gulf saratoga''', '''Australian bonytongue''', '''pearl arowana''' or '''northern saratoga''', is a [[freshwater]] [[bony fish]] native to [[Australia]] and [[New Guinea]], one of two species of fishes sometimes known as Australian arowana, the other being ''[[Scleropages leichardti]]''. It has numerous other common names, including northern saratoga, toga and barramundi (not to be confused with the [[barramundi]] perch, ''[[Lates calcarifer]]''). It is a member of the subfamily [[Osteoglossinae]], a ([[primitive (biology)|basal]]) [[teleost]] group. Its scientific name is sometimes spelled ''S. jardini''.
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==Distribution==


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==Distribution==
''S. jardinii'' is patchily distributed throughout most of the Gulf of Carpentaria drainage system, west to the Adelaide River in the Northern Territory, throughout northern Queensland and in [[New Guinea]].<ref name="gulf">Martin F. Gomon (2011) [http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1989 Northern Saratoga, Scleropages jardinii]. Fishes of Australia. Retrieved 29 August 2014.</ref> It inhabits still clear waters of pools and billabongs, and the slow-flowing sections of streams.<ref name="gulf" />
''Scleropages jardinii'' is patchily distributed throughout most of the Gulf of Carpentaria drainage system, west to the Adelaide River in the Northern Territory, throughout northern Queensland and in central-southern [[New Guinea]].<ref name="gulf">Martin F. Gomon (2011) [http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1989 Northern Saratoga, Scleropages jardinii]. Fishes of Australia. Retrieved 29 August 2014.</ref> It inhabits still clear waters of pools and billabongs, and the slow-flowing sections of streams.<ref name="gulf" />


It is not considered endangered or threatened by either the [[CITES]] conventions nor the [[IUCN Red List]].
It is not considered endangered or threatened by either the [[CITES]] conventions nor the [[IUCN Red List]].


==Description==
==Description==
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This fish has a long, dark-colored body with seven rows of large scales, each with several reddish or pinkish spots arranged in a crescent shape around the trailing edge of the scale, giving it a pearly appearance. It has large, wing-like pectoral fins. Except for duller coloration and smaller scale size, it appears very similar to the [[Asian arowana]], ''S. formosus''. It grows to a length of about {{convert|90|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Its maximum weight is recorded as {{convert|17.2|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, but one report suggests it has been known to weigh as much as {{convert|27|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. The depth of the bodies of adults is approximately 25-28% of the Standard Length, making this a more robust fish than its Australian cousin ''S. leichardti''.
[[File:Scleropages leichardti1.JPG|thumb|left|Subadult gulf saratoga at [[New York Aquarium]]]]
⚫
This fish has a long, dark-colored body with seven rows of large scales, each with several reddish or pinkish spots arranged in a crescent shape around the trailing edge of the scale, giving it a pearly appearance. It has large, wing-like pectoral fins. Except for duller coloration and smaller scale size, it appears very similar to the [[Asian arowana|Asian Arowana]], ''S. formosus''. It grows to a length of about {{convert|90|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Its maximum weight is recorded as {{convert|17.2|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, but one report suggests it has been known to weigh as much as {{convert|27|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. The depth of the bodies of adults is approximately 25-28% of the Standard Length, making this a more robust fish than its Australian cousin ''S. leichardti''.


Like other Arowanas, it is a mouthbrooder, but unlike the Asian Arowana, reports suggest the female rather than the male broods the young in her mouth.
Like other arowanas, it is a mouthbrooder, but unlike the Asian arowana, reports suggest the female rather than the male broods the young in her mouth.


Due to their resemblance to the Asian Arowanas they are sometimes sold in the name of golden Arowana in some of the Asian countries, like India. However, they can be easily distinguished from the Asian Arowanas by identifying their red spotted fins & 7-8 rows of scales on their body.
Due to their resemblance to the Asian arowanas they are sometimes sold in the name of golden arowana in some of the Asian countries, like India. However, they can be easily distinguished from the Asian arowanas by identifying their red spotted fins & 7-8 rows of scales on their body.


==Diet==
==Diet==
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of freshwater aquarium fish species]]
*[[List of freshwater aquarium fish species]]
[[File:Scleropages Jardinii Prague 2012 3.jpg|thumb|right|320px|in Prague sea aquarium]]

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==External links==
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* [http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1989#summary Fishes of Australia website]
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130411033037/http://www.nativefish.asn.au/gulf_saratoga.html Native Fish Australia article]


==References==
==References==
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* {{FishBase|genus=Scleropages|species=jardini|year=2005|month=10}}
* {{FishBase|genus=Scleropages|species=jardini|year=2005|month=10}}
* Dawes, John; Chuan, Lim Lian; & Cheong, Leslie, eds (1999). ''Dragon Fish, The''. Kingdom Books England.
* Dawes, John; Chuan, Lim Lian; & Cheong, Leslie, eds (1999). ''Dragon Fish, The''. Kingdom Books England.

⚫
==External links==
⚫
* [http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1989#summary Fishes of Australia website]
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* [http://www.nativefish.asn.au/home/page/Gulf-Saratoga Native Fish Australia article]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q135567}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q135567}}


[[Category:Osteoglossidae]]
[[Category:Scleropages]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Australia]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Australia]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1892]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1892]]
[[Category:Taxa named by William Saville-Kent]]

Revision as of 05:48, 7 July 2024

Scleropages jardinii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Osteoglossiformes
Family: Osteoglossidae
Genus: Scleropages
Species:
S. jardinii
Binomial name
Scleropages jardinii
(Saville-Kent, 1892)

Scleropages jardinii, the Gulf saratoga, Australian bonytongue, pearl arowana or northern saratoga, is a freshwater bony fish native to Australia and New Guinea, one of two species of fishes sometimes known as Australian arowana, the other being Scleropages leichardti. It has numerous other common names, including northern saratoga, toga and barramundi (not to be confused with the barramundi perch, Lates calcarifer). It is a member of the subfamily Osteoglossinae, a (basal) teleost group. Its scientific name is sometimes spelled S. jardini.

Distribution

Scleropages jardinii is patchily distributed throughout most of the Gulf of Carpentaria drainage system, west to the Adelaide River in the Northern Territory, throughout northern Queensland and in central-southern New Guinea.[2] It inhabits still clear waters of pools and billabongs, and the slow-flowing sections of streams.[2]

It is not considered endangered or threatened by either the CITES conventions nor the IUCN Red List.

Description

This fish has a long, dark-colored body with seven rows of large scales, each with several reddish or pinkish spots arranged in a crescent shape around the trailing edge of the scale, giving it a pearly appearance. It has large, wing-like pectoral fins. Except for duller coloration and smaller scale size, it appears very similar to the Asian arowana, S. formosus. It grows to a length of about 90 cm (35 in). Its maximum weight is recorded as 17.2 kg (38 lb), but one report suggests it has been known to weigh as much as 27 kg (60 lb). The depth of the bodies of adults is approximately 25-28% of the Standard Length, making this a more robust fish than its Australian cousin S. leichardti.

Like other arowanas, it is a mouthbrooder, but unlike the Asian arowana, reports suggest the female rather than the male broods the young in her mouth.

Due to their resemblance to the Asian arowanas they are sometimes sold in the name of golden arowana in some of the Asian countries, like India. However, they can be easily distinguished from the Asian arowanas by identifying their red spotted fins & 7-8 rows of scales on their body.

Diet

Gulf saratoga are opportunistic carnivores, feeding on aquatic and terrestrial insects, small fishes and crustaceans.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ebner, B.; Hammer, M. (2019). "Scleropages jardinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T122899850A123382026. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122899850A123382026.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Martin F. Gomon (2011) Northern Saratoga, Scleropages jardinii. Fishes of Australia. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
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