Minuteman Civil Defense Corps: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Importing Wikidata short description: "Volunteer group dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the United States border" |
||
| (175 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Volunteer group dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the United States border}} |
|||
:''For the group with similar objectives see [[The Minuteman Project Inc.]]'' |
|||
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}} |
|||
The '''Minuteman Civil Defense Corps''' is a group headed by [[Chris Simcox]] dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the U.S. border. Believing that the government is not sufficiently concerned with securing the U.S. border, they have elected to take the job upon themselves.<ref>{{cite web |
|||
{{distinguish|Minuteman Project}} |
|||
| title = About Us |
|||
{{Infobox militant organization |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| accessdate = 2006-07-09 }}</ref> Several state chapters have been organized, with the intention to provide law enforcement agencies with evidence of immigration law violations<ref>{{cite web |
|||
|logo = File:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps coat of arms.jpg |
|||
| title = MM Brochure |
|||
|leader = [[Chris Simcox]]<br />[[J. T. Ready]] |
|||
|url = http://www.minutemanhq.com/pdf_files/minutemanbrochure.pdf |
|||
|dates = April 1, 2005 – March 22, 2010 |
|||
| accessdate = 2006-07-22 }}</ref>. |
|||
|area = [[Arizona]], [[California]] and [[Texas]] |
|||
|ideology = [[American nationalism]]<br />[[Libertarian conservatism]]<br />[[Survivalism]] |
|||
|size = 900 volunteers |
|||
}} |
|||
The '''Minuteman Civil Defense Corps''' was a volunteer group at one time headed by [[Chris Simcox]] (an Arizona newspaper publisher) and dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the [[Mexico–United States border|United States border with Mexico]]. Arguing that the government was insufficiently concerned with securing the border,<ref>{{cite web|title = About Us|url = http://www.minutemanhq.com/hq/aboutus.php|access-date = July 9, 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060705222056/http://www.minutemanhq.com/hq/aboutus.php|archive-date = July 5, 2006|url-status = live}}</ref> they organized several state chapters, with the intention of providing law enforcement agencies with evidence of [[Immigration law in the United States|immigration law]] violations.<ref>{{cite web|title=MM Brochure|url=http://www.minutemanhq.com/pdf_files/minutemanbrochure.pdf|access-date=July 22, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719053619/http://www.minutemanhq.com/pdf_files/minutemanbrochure.pdf|archive-date=July 19, 2006|url-status = live}}</ref> The group was one of several that emerged for the proliferation of civilian border patrol groups at the US-Mexico border. Arguably, the emergence of these groups can be linked to the increasing [[criminalization]] and [[Securitization (international relations)|securitization]] of immigration. Simcox stated that the group merely reported incidents to law enforcement, and did not directly confront immigrants. There was a [[standard operating procedure]] (SOP) that was to be followed by Minutemen volunteers, with rules including not speaking to, approaching, gesturing towards or having physical contact in any way with any suspected border crossers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.minutemanhq.com/hq/sop.php |title=Standard Operating Procedure for Minuteman Civil Defense Corps |access-date=October 12, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016161839/http://www.minutemanhq.com/hq/sop.php |archive-date=October 16, 2006 |url-status = live}}</ref> According to Anthony Ramirez of the ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'', the organization "has been criticized as being a [[Conservatism in the United States|right-wing]] [[Militia organizations in the United States|militia]]".<ref name=NYT>{{Cite news| last =Ramirez| first =Anthony| title =Angry Exchanges, To and Fro, at Rally| newspaper =NY Times| date =June 4, 2006| url =https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/04/nyregion/04protest.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/R/Ramirez,%20Anthony| access-date =October 20, 2018| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174134/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/04/nyregion/04protest.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FPeople%2FR%2FRamirez%2C%20Anthony| archive-date =August 23, 2018|url-status = live}}</ref> |
|||
Simcox assures that the group will only be reporting incidents to [[law enforcement]], not directly confronting immigrants. The volunteers view themselves as calling attention to illegal immigration in the U.S. There is a standard operating procedure (SOP) that must be followed by Minutemen volunteers. Rules include not speaking to, approaching, gesturing towards or having physical contact in any way with any suspected border crossers they may see. <ref>http://www.minutemanhq.com/hq/sop.php</ref> |
|||
{{Template:IIUS}} |
|||
{{tone}} |
|||
== History and activities == |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
Chris Simcox founded the Civil Homeland Defense organization, being the first antecedent of the group to patrol the borders, but were |
|||
<references/> |
|||
disbanded after his first arrest. April 1, 2005, the group renaming the group Minuteman Civil Defense Corps was a militia organization concerned with border security that invokes the image of [[Minuteman|Revolutionary War]] militiamen and traces his motivation to "protect the american borders",ready at a moment's notice to fight for America's freedom. Although the majority of the group's members are [[White people|Caucasians]], some [[Mexican Americans]] work to patrol the borders as well, deeply the organization's call to protect legal immigration as a measure to protect American society and resources, approximately 900 volunteers patrol a twenty-three-mile section of the Arizona-Mexico border.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/legal-and-political-magazines/minuteman-civil-defense-corps|title=Minuteman Civil Defense Corps|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia|access-date=June 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/2003/08/10/034n3soc.php?printver=1&fly=|title=Exige México indagar detención a cargo de vigilantes en Arizona|work=La Jornada|access-date=June 26, 2020}}</ref> |
|||
The MCDC is often confused with or thought to be affiliated with [[The Minuteman Project Inc.]], but the two groups are wholly distinct. The militants have been accused of racial profiling, however, approaching persons of color, asking whether they speak English, asking where they live, and questioning them while not quizzing Caucasians in the same areas.<ref name=MCDC>{{Cite news| last =Gilchrist| first =Jim| title =The Minuteman Project is a separate and distinct organization| newspaper =Immigration Headliner News| date =November 7, 2007| url =http://www.minutemanproject.com/newsmanager/templates/mmp.asp?articleid=231&zoneid=1| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080109210610/http://www.minutemanproject.com//newsmanager//templates/mmp.asp?articleid=231&zoneid=1|url-status = dead| archive-date =January 9, 2008}}</ref> The group was originally co-founded by American [[neo-Nazi]], [[J. T. Ready]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Hunter |url=http://www.politicker.com/2012/05/04/minuteman-founder-doesnt-want-to-be-confused-with-alleged-murderer/ |title=Minuteman Founder Doesn't Want To Be Confused With Alleged Murderer |publisher=Politicker |access-date=May 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505025627/http://www.politicker.com/2012/05/04/minuteman-founder-doesnt-want-to-be-confused-with-alleged-murderer/ |archive-date=May 5, 2012 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2012/investigating-deaths-undocumented-immigrants-border|title=INVESTIGATING DEATHS OF UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS ON THE BORDER|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
The Minuteman Civil Defense Corps web site spells out a "standard operating procedure" for Minutemen, which includes directives such as "Minutemen are courteous to everyone with whom they come into contact, and never discriminate against anyone for any reason." The group holds up an American ideal as part of its appeal for volunteers; illegal immigration is portrayed as the reason for the loss of high-paying manufacturing jobs, health care crises in emergency rooms on the borders, education problems in border state districts, and other socio-economic problems.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ellingwood, Ken.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53331742|title=Hard line : life and death on the U.S.-Mexico border|date=2004|publisher=Pantheon Books|isbn=0-375-42243-9|edition=1st|location=New York|oclc=53331742}}</ref> |
|||
=== Arrested members === |
|||
The first time that Simcox was arrested by [[federal park ranger]]s on a stretch along the [[Arizona]]-Mexico border. Simcox was armed with a [[Semi-automatic pistol|single pistol]], [[Scanner radio|police scanner radios]], and was charged with a misdemeanor, subsequently serving a year on probation. His principal objective was clear, stop the illegal Mexican border crossings.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-U_lIHsTfEC&q=Civil+Homeland+Defense+organization+arizona&pg=PA87|title=The Secretary second stage: Re-thinking the department of Homeland Security´s organization and policY direction: Part I and II|work=Diane Publishing.co|publisher=DIANE |isbn=978-1-4223-2375-5|access-date=June 26, 2020}}</ref> |
|||
On March 15, 2010, Minuteman Civil Defense Corps President Carmen Mercer sent an e-mail to the group's members in which she stated, |
|||
{{Quotation|"For eight long years we Minutemen played nice; yet for the past eight years we firmly expressed our opinions and desires for the border to be secured. This muster will be completely different. President [[Barack Obama]] and [[John McCain]] have left us no choice. This March we return to the border locked, loaded and ready to stop each and every individual we encounter along the frontier that is now more dangerous than the frontier of [[Afghanistan]]."}} After receiving what she described as a "dramatic" response from members who promised to return to the border armed, Mercer called for the dissolution of the group on March 23 citing her concern of being held responsible should members fail to follow the proper "rules of engagement".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sonorannews.com/archives/2010/100331/ftpgMinuteman.html |title=Minuteman Civil Defense Corps announces dissolution/ March 31, 2010 / Sonoran News |publisher=Sonorannews.com |date=March 31, 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104941/http://www.sonorannews.com/archives/2010/100331/ftpgMinuteman.html |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2010/top-minuteman-group-announces-breakup|title=Top Minuteman group announces breakup|work=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=June 28, 2020}}</ref> |
|||
On June 8, 2016, Minuteman Civil Defense Corps co-founder Chris Simcox was found guilty of child molestation,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jun/8/chris-simcox-minuteman-civil-defense-corps-co-foun/ |title={title} |website=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=June 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608221415/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jun/8/chris-simcox-minuteman-civil-defense-corps-co-foun/ |archive-date=June 8, 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref> |
|||
and on July 11, 2016, was sentenced to serve 19.5 years in an Arizona prison.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arizona-minuteman-idUSKCN0ZR2ON |title={title} |newspaper=Reuters |date=July 11, 2016 |access-date=July 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501111059/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-arizona-minuteman-idUSKCN0ZR2ON |archive-date=May 1, 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref> One of the founders J.T. Ready had twice been caught in 2011 forcibly detaining immigrants,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/jt-ready|title=J.T. Ready|work=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=June 28, 2020}}</ref> and was under investigation by the FBI, who were looking into a potential domestic terrorism situation involving immigrants found shot to death in the desert.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nick R. Martin |url=http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2012/05/fbi_jt_ready_domestic_terrorism.php |title=FBI Targeted JT Ready In Domestic Terrorism Investigation |publisher=Talking Points Memo |date=May 4, 2012 |access-date=May 6, 2012}}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
{{reflist}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Immigration to the United States}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Organizations based in Arizona]] |
|||
[[Category:Immigration political advocacy groups in the United States]] |
[[Category:Immigration political advocacy groups in the United States]] |
||
[[Category:Mexico–United States border]] |
|||
[[Category:Right-wing militia organizations in the United States]] |
|||
[[Category:2005 establishments in Arizona]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 06:16, 7 July 2024
| Minuteman Civil Defense Corps | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Chris Simcox J. T. Ready |
| Dates of operation | April 1, 2005 – March 22, 2010 |
| Active regions | Arizona, California and Texas |
| Ideology | American nationalism Libertarian conservatism Survivalism |
| Size | 900 volunteers |
The Minuteman Civil Defense Corps was a volunteer group at one time headed by Chris Simcox (an Arizona newspaper publisher) and dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the United States border with Mexico. Arguing that the government was insufficiently concerned with securing the border,[1] they organized several state chapters, with the intention of providing law enforcement agencies with evidence of immigration law violations.[2] The group was one of several that emerged for the proliferation of civilian border patrol groups at the US-Mexico border. Arguably, the emergence of these groups can be linked to the increasing criminalization and securitization of immigration. Simcox stated that the group merely reported incidents to law enforcement, and did not directly confront immigrants. There was a standard operating procedure (SOP) that was to be followed by Minutemen volunteers, with rules including not speaking to, approaching, gesturing towards or having physical contact in any way with any suspected border crossers.[3] According to Anthony Ramirez of the New York Times, the organization "has been criticized as being a right-wing militia".[4]
History and activities
[edit]Chris Simcox founded the Civil Homeland Defense organization, being the first antecedent of the group to patrol the borders, but were disbanded after his first arrest. April 1, 2005, the group renaming the group Minuteman Civil Defense Corps was a militia organization concerned with border security that invokes the image of Revolutionary War militiamen and traces his motivation to "protect the american borders",ready at a moment's notice to fight for America's freedom. Although the majority of the group's members are Caucasians, some Mexican Americans work to patrol the borders as well, deeply the organization's call to protect legal immigration as a measure to protect American society and resources, approximately 900 volunteers patrol a twenty-three-mile section of the Arizona-Mexico border.[5][6]
The MCDC is often confused with or thought to be affiliated with The Minuteman Project Inc., but the two groups are wholly distinct. The militants have been accused of racial profiling, however, approaching persons of color, asking whether they speak English, asking where they live, and questioning them while not quizzing Caucasians in the same areas.[7] The group was originally co-founded by American neo-Nazi, J. T. Ready.[8][9]
The Minuteman Civil Defense Corps web site spells out a "standard operating procedure" for Minutemen, which includes directives such as "Minutemen are courteous to everyone with whom they come into contact, and never discriminate against anyone for any reason." The group holds up an American ideal as part of its appeal for volunteers; illegal immigration is portrayed as the reason for the loss of high-paying manufacturing jobs, health care crises in emergency rooms on the borders, education problems in border state districts, and other socio-economic problems.[10]
Arrested members
[edit]The first time that Simcox was arrested by federal park rangers on a stretch along the Arizona-Mexico border. Simcox was armed with a single pistol, police scanner radios, and was charged with a misdemeanor, subsequently serving a year on probation. His principal objective was clear, stop the illegal Mexican border crossings.[11]
On March 15, 2010, Minuteman Civil Defense Corps President Carmen Mercer sent an e-mail to the group's members in which she stated,
"For eight long years we Minutemen played nice; yet for the past eight years we firmly expressed our opinions and desires for the border to be secured. This muster will be completely different. President Barack Obama and John McCain have left us no choice. This March we return to the border locked, loaded and ready to stop each and every individual we encounter along the frontier that is now more dangerous than the frontier of Afghanistan."
After receiving what she described as a "dramatic" response from members who promised to return to the border armed, Mercer called for the dissolution of the group on March 23 citing her concern of being held responsible should members fail to follow the proper "rules of engagement".[12][13]
On June 8, 2016, Minuteman Civil Defense Corps co-founder Chris Simcox was found guilty of child molestation,[14] and on July 11, 2016, was sentenced to serve 19.5 years in an Arizona prison.[15] One of the founders J.T. Ready had twice been caught in 2011 forcibly detaining immigrants,[16] and was under investigation by the FBI, who were looking into a potential domestic terrorism situation involving immigrants found shot to death in the desert.[17]
References
[edit]- ^ "About Us". Archived from the original on July 5, 2006. Retrieved July 9, 2006.
- ^ "MM Brochure" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved July 22, 2006.
- ^ "Standard Operating Procedure for Minuteman Civil Defense Corps". Archived from the original on October 16, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2006.
- ^ Ramirez, Anthony (June 4, 2006). "Angry Exchanges, To and Fro, at Rally". NY Times. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
- ^ "Minuteman Civil Defense Corps". Encyclopaedia. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
- ^ "Exige México indagar detención a cargo de vigilantes en Arizona". La Jornada. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
- ^ Gilchrist, Jim (November 7, 2007). "The Minuteman Project is a separate and distinct organization". Immigration Headliner News. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008.
- ^ Walker, Hunter. "Minuteman Founder Doesn't Want To Be Confused With Alleged Murderer". Politicker. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ^ "INVESTIGATING DEATHS OF UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS ON THE BORDER". Southern Poverty Law Center.
- ^ Ellingwood, Ken. (2004). Hard line : life and death on the U.S.-Mexico border (1st ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-375-42243-9. OCLC 53331742.
- ^ The Secretary second stage: Re-thinking the department of Homeland Security´s organization and policY direction: Part I and II. DIANE. ISBN 978-1-4223-2375-5. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ "Minuteman Civil Defense Corps announces dissolution/ March 31, 2010 / Sonoran News". Sonorannews.com. March 31, 2010. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
- ^ "Top Minuteman group announces breakup". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
- ^ "{title}". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on June 8, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
- ^ "{title}". Reuters. July 11, 2016. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
- ^ "J.T. Ready". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
- ^ Nick R. Martin (May 4, 2012). "FBI Targeted JT Ready In Domestic Terrorism Investigation". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved May 6, 2012.