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{{Short description|Stony Florian asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
Line 4: Line 6:
| background = #D6D6D6
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image =
⚫
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discovered = 30 August 1997
| discovered = 30 August 1997
| discoverer = [[Antonio Vagnozzi|A. Vagnozzi]]
| discoverer = [[Antonio Vagnozzi|A. Vagnozzi]]
| discovery_site = [[Santa Lucia Stroncone Astronomical Observatory|Santa Lucia Obs.]]
| discovery_site = [[Santa Lucia Stroncone Astronomical Observatory|Santa Lucia Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (10208) Germanicus
| mpc_name = (10208) Germanicus
| alt_names = {{mp|1997 QN|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1987 QJ|7}}<br />{{mp|1994 WP|12}}
| alt_names = {{mp|1997 QN|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1987 QJ|7}}<br />{{mp|1994 WP|12}}
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|dʒ|ər|ˈ|m|æ|n|ᵻ|k|ə|s}}<ref>Noah Webster (1884) ''A Practical Dictionary of the English Language''</ref>
⚫
| pronounced =
| named_after = [[Germanicus]]<br />{{small|(Ancient Roman general)}}<ref name="MPC-Germanicus" />
| named_after = [[Germanicus]]<br />{{small|(Ancient Roman general)}}<ref name="MPC-Germanicus" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}[[Flora family|Flora]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}[[Flora family|Flora]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 16 February 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457800.5)
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 28.69 yr (10,478 days)
| observation_arc = 28.69 yr (10,478 days)
| aphelion = 2.6847 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| aphelion = 2.6849 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 1.7861 AU
| perihelion = 1.7860 AU
| semimajor = 2.2354 AU
| semimajor = 2.2354 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2010
| eccentricity = 0.2011
| period = 3.34 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,221 days)
| period = 3.34 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,221 days)
| mean_anomaly = 292.13[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_anomaly = 351.10[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2949|sup=ms}} / day
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2949|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.5618°
| inclination = 4.5619°
| asc_node = 223.63°
| asc_node = 223.63°
| arg_peri = 115.00°
| arg_peri = 115.01°
| satellites = 1<ref name="Oey-2007d" /><ref name="johnstonsarchive" />{{efn|name=CBET-1716}}
| satellites = 1<ref name="Oey-2007d" /><ref name="johnstonsarchive" />{{efn|name=CBET-1716}}
| dimensions = {{val|2.87|0.62}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />3.50 km {{small|(taken)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|3.503}} km<ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><br />{{val|3.552|0.202}} km<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" />
| dimensions = {{val|2.87|0.62}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />3.50 km {{small|(taken)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|3.503}} km<ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><br />{{val|3.552|0.202}} km<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" />
| rotation = {{val|3.1291|0.0002}} h<ref name="Oey-2016a" /><br />{{val|3.3484|0.0001}} h<ref name="Oey-2007d" /><br />{{val|3.3493|0.0006}} [[Hour|h]]{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2007}}
| rotation = {{val|3.1291|0.0002}} h<ref name="Oey-2016a" /><br />{{val|3.3484|0.0001}} h<ref name="Oey-2007d" /><br />{{val|3.3493|0.0006}} [[Hour|h]]{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2007}}
| albedo = {{val|0.1747}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><br />{{val|0.267|0.027}}<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|0.36|0.19}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" />
| albedo = {{val|0.1747}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><br />{{val|0.267|0.027}}<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|0.36|0.19}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|14.2|0.2}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Oey-2007d" />{{·}}14.3<ref name="WISE" />{{·}}14.40<ref name="Nugent-2015" />{{·}}14.5<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{val|14.79|0.139}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|14.2|0.2}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Oey-2007d" />{{·}}14.3<ref name="WISE" />{{·}}14.40<ref name="Nugent-2015" />{{·}}14.5<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{val|14.79|0.139}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
}}
}}


'''10208 Germanicus''', provisional designation {{mpf|1997 QN|1}}, is a stony [[asteroid]] and [[Binary asteroid|binary system]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 3.5 kilometers in diameter.
'''10208 Germanicus''', provisional designation {{mp|1997 QN|1}}, is a stony Florian [[asteroid]] and [[Binary asteroid|binary system]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 3.5 kilometers in diameter.


It was discovered on 30 August 1997, by Italian amateur astronomer [[Antonio Vagnozzi]] at the [[Santa Lucia Stroncone Astronomical Observatory]] in Stroncone, Italy, and named for ancient Roman general [[Germanicus]].<ref name="MPC-Germanicus" /> A [[minor-planet moon]] in the asteroid's orbit was discovered in 2007.{{efn|name=CBET-1716}}
It was discovered on 30 August 1997, by Italian amateur astronomer [[Antonio Vagnozzi]] at the [[Santa Lucia Stroncone Astronomical Observatory]] in Stroncone, Italy, and named for ancient Roman general [[Germanicus]]. The asteroid's [[minor-planet moon]] was discovered in 2007.


== Orbit and classification ==
== Orbit and classification ==


''Germanicus'' is a member of the [[Flora family]], one of the largest groups of stony [[S-type asteroid]] in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] asteroid belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–2.7&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 4 months (1,221 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.20 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> It was first observed at [[Crimea–Nauchnij]] and [[Brorfelde Observatory]] in August 1987, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 10 years prior to its official discovery observation at Stroncone.<ref name="MPC-Germanicus" />
''Germanicus'' is a member of the [[Flora family]], one of the largest families of [[S-type asteroid|stony asteroids]]. It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 4 months (1,221 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.20 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> It was first observed at [[Crimea–Nauchnij]] and [[Brorfelde Observatory]] in August 1987, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 10 years prior to its official discovery observation at Stroncone.<ref name="MPC-Germanicus" />


== Diameter and albedo ==
== Diameter and albedo ==
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== Naming ==
== Naming ==


This [[minor planet]] was named for the ancient Roman general and poet [[Germanicus]] (15&nbsp;BC – AD&nbsp;19), who led several successful campaigns into Germania. He was also the nephew and designated heir of the Roman Emperor [[Tiberius]]. As a poet, Germanicus wrote "Aratea", an astronomical treatise, which illustrated copy is known as the [[Leiden Aratea]].<ref name="MPC-Germanicus" /> Naming citation was published on 27 May 2010 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 70407}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
This [[minor planet]] was named for the ancient Roman general and poet [[Germanicus]] (15&nbsp;BC – AD&nbsp;19), who led several successful campaigns into Germania.<ref name="MPC-Germanicus" /> Germanicus was also the nephew and designated heir of the Roman Emperor [[Tiberius]]. As a poet, he wrote "Aratea", an astronomical treatise, which illustrated copy is known as the [[Leiden Aratea]].<ref name="MPC-Germanicus" /> The approved naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 27 May 2010 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 70407}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=
{{notelist|refs=


{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2007|1=Pravec (2007) web: rotation period {{val|3.3493|0.0006}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.12}} mag. Summary figures at {{URL|1=http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=10208%7CGermanicus |2=Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) for (10208) Germanicus}}}}
{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2007|1=Pravec (2007) web: rotation period {{val|3.3493|0.0006}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.12}} mag. Summary figures at [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=10208%7CGermanicus Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) for (10208) Germanicus]}}


{{efn|name=CBET-1716|1=''CBET No. 1087, 25 September 2007 – Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams for (10208) Germanicus:''<br />Photometric observations obtained between 6 August and 18 September 2007, show that {{mpf|10208 Germanicus}} is a binary system with an orbital period of {{val|58.55|0.02}} hours. The primary has a period of {{val|3.3484|0.0001}} hours, and it has a lightcurve brightness variation of 0.13 magnitude. Mutual eclipse/occultation events with a depth 0.21 magnitude suggest a secondary-to-primary mean-diameter ratio of {{val|0.46|0.02}}.{{URL|1=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/001000/CBET001087.txt |2=Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams No. 1716}}<br />''Julian Oey, Leura Observatory, Australia; Petr Pravec and Peter Kusnirak, Ondrejov Observatory; Yu. Krugly and V. Chiorny, Kharkiv Observatory, Ukraine; and John. Ries, McDonald Observatory''}}
{{efn|name=CBET-1716|1=''CBET No. 1087, 25 September 2007 – Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams for (10208) Germanicus:''<br />Photometric observations obtained between 6 August and 18 September 2007, show that {{mp|10208 Germanicus}} is a binary system with an orbital period of {{val|58.55|0.02}} hours. The primary has a period of {{val|3.3484|0.0001}} hours, and it has a lightcurve brightness variation of 0.13 magnitude. Mutual eclipse/occultation events with a depth 0.21 magnitude suggest a secondary-to-primary mean-diameter ratio of {{val|0.46|0.02}}.[http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/001000/CBET001087.txt Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams No. 1716]<br />''Julian Oey, Leura Observatory, Australia; Petr Pravec and Peter Kusnirak, Ondrejov Observatory; Yu. Krugly and Vasilij Chiorny, Kharkiv Observatory, Ukraine; and John. Ries, McDonald Observatory''}}


}} <!-- end of notelist -->
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
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|type = 2016-05-03 last obs.
|type = 2016-05-03 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 10208 Germanicus (1997 QN1)
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 10208 Germanicus (1997 QN1)
|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2010208
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2010208
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 31 March 2017}}</ref>
|access-date = 5 July 2017}}</ref>


<ref name="MPC-Germanicus">{{cite web
<ref name="MPC-Germanicus">{{cite web
|title = 10208 Germanicus (1997 QN1)
|title = 10208 Germanicus (1997 QN1)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=10208
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=10208
|accessdate = 31 March 2017}}</ref>
|access-date = 31 March 2017}}</ref>


<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|accessdate = 31 March 2017}}</ref>
|access-date = 31 March 2017}}</ref>


<ref name="johnstonsarchive">{{cite web
<ref name="johnstonsarchive">{{cite web
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|date = 21 September 2014
|date = 21 September 2014
|url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-10208.html
|url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-10208.html
|accessdate = 31 March 2017}}</ref>
|access-date = 31 March 2017}}</ref>


<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (10208) Germanicus
|title = LCDB Data for (10208) Germanicus
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=10208%7CGermanicus
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=10208%7CGermanicus
|accessdate = 31 March 2017}}</ref>
|access-date = 31 March 2017}}</ref>


<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
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|date = November 2011
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|url = http://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.6407v1.pdf
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|volume = 741
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|access-date= 31 March 2017}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="Pravec-2012b">{{Cite journal
<ref name="Pravec-2012b">{{Cite journal
Line 136: Line 138:
|date = September 2012
|date = September 2012
|title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations
|title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012Icar..221..365P
|journal = Icarus
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 221
|volume = 221
Line 143: Line 144:
|bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P
|bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026
|access-date= 31 March 2017}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
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|date = December 2015
|date = December 2015
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 814
|volume = 814
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|arxiv = 1509.02522
|arxiv = 1509.02522
|access-date= 31 March 2017}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="Oey-2007d">{{Cite journal
<ref name="Oey-2007d">{{Cite journal
Line 178: Line 178:
|date = September 2007
|date = September 2007
|title = (10208) 1997 QN1
|title = (10208) 1997 QN1
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2007CBET.1087....1O
|journal = Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams
|journal = Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams
|issue = 1087
|volume = 1087
|bibcode = 2007CBET.1087....1O
|issue = 1087
|page = 1
|access-date= 31 March 2017}}</ref>
|bibcode = 2007CBET.1087....1O
}}</ref>


<ref name="Oey-2016a">{{Cite journal
<ref name="Oey-2016a">{{Cite journal
Line 188: Line 189:
|date = January 2016
|date = January 2016
|title = Lightcurve Analysis of Asteroids from Blue Mountains Observatory in 2014
|title = Lightcurve Analysis of Asteroids from Blue Mountains Observatory in 2014
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016MPBu...43...45O
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 43
|volume = 43
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|issn = 1052-8091
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2016MPBu...43...45O
|bibcode = 2016MPBu...43...45O
|access-date= 31 March 2017}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
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|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T., IV |last16 = Gautier
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|volume = 741
Line 227: Line 226:
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|access-date= 31 March 2017}}</ref>
}}</ref>


}} <!-- end of reflist -->
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/asteroidmoons.html Asteroids with Satellites], Robert Johnston, johnstonsarchive.net
* [http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/asteroidmoons.html Asteroids with Satellites], Robert Johnston, johnstonsarchive.net
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs010001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000)] – Minor Planet Center
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs010001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|10208}}
* {{JPL small body}}
* {{JPL small body}}


{{Minor planets navigator|10207 Comeniana |number=10208 |10209 Izanaki}}
{{Minor planets navigator |10207 Comeniana |number=10208 |10209 Izanaki}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Germanicus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Germanicus}}
[[Category:Flora asteroids|010208]]
[[Category:Flora asteroids|010208]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|010208]]
[[Category:Baptistina asteroids|010208]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Antonio Vagnozzi]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Antonio Vagnozzi]]
[[Category:Minor planets named for people]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Binary asteroids|010208]]
[[Category:Binary asteroids|010208]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1997|19970830]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1997|19970830]]
[[Category:Germanicus]]

Latest revision as of 12:54, 7 July 2024

10208 Germanicus
Discovery[1]
Discovered byA. Vagnozzi
Discovery siteSanta Lucia Obs.
Discovery date30 August 1997
Designations
(10208) Germanicus
Pronunciation/dʒərˈmænɪkəs/[2]
Named after
Germanicus
(Ancient Roman general)[3]
1997 QN1 · 1987 QJ7
1994 WP12
main-belt · Flora[4]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc28.69 yr (10,478 days)
Aphelion2.6849 AU
Perihelion1.7860 AU
2.2354 AU
Eccentricity0.2011
3.34 yr (1,221 days)
351.10°
0° 17m 41.64s / day
Inclination4.5619°
223.63°
115.01°
Known satellites1[5][6][a]
Physical characteristics
Dimensions2.87±0.62 km[7]
3.50 km (taken)[4]
3.503 km[8]
3.552±0.202 km[9][10]
3.1291±0.0002 h[11]
3.3484±0.0001 h[5]
3.3493±0.0006 h[b]
0.1747[4][8]
0.267±0.027[9][10]
0.36±0.19[7]
S[4]
14.2±0.2 (R)[5] · 14.3[9] · 14.40[7] · 14.5[1] · 14.79±0.139[4][8]

10208 Germanicus, provisional designation 1997 QN1, is a stony Florian asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.5 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 30 August 1997, by Italian amateur astronomer Antonio Vagnozzi at the Santa Lucia Stroncone Astronomical Observatory in Stroncone, Italy, and named for ancient Roman general Germanicus. The asteroid's minor-planet moon was discovered in 2007.

Orbit and classification

[edit]

Germanicus is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest families of stony asteroids. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,221 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] It was first observed at Crimea–Nauchnij and Brorfelde Observatory in August 1987, extending the body's observation arc by 10 years prior to its official discovery observation at Stroncone.[3]

Diameter and albedo

[edit]

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Germanicus measures 2.87 and 3.552 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.36 and 0.267, respectively.[7][9][10] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-data, that is, an albedo of 0.1747 and a diameter of 3.50 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.79.[4]

Lightcurve and satellite

[edit]

In August 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Germanicus was obtained from photometric observations by an international group of astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.1291 hours with a brightness variation of 0.13 magnitude (U=n.a.). It was also revealed that Germanicus is orbited by a minor-planet moon every 58.55 hours. The system has a high secondary-to-primary mean-diameter ratio of 0.46.[5][a] This translates into a satellite diameter of 1.48 kilometers (based on a primary-diameter of 3.23 kilometers).[6]

Naming

[edit]

This minor planet was named for the ancient Roman general and poet Germanicus (15 BC – AD 19), who led several successful campaigns into Germania.[3] Germanicus was also the nephew and designated heir of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. As a poet, he wrote "Aratea", an astronomical treatise, which illustrated copy is known as the Leiden Aratea.[3] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 May 2010 (M.P.C. 70407).[12]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b CBET No. 1087, 25 September 2007 – Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams for (10208) Germanicus:
    Photometric observations obtained between 6 August and 18 September 2007, show that 10208 Germanicus is a binary system with an orbital period of 58.55±0.02 hours. The primary has a period of 3.3484±0.0001 hours, and it has a lightcurve brightness variation of 0.13 magnitude. Mutual eclipse/occultation events with a depth 0.21 magnitude suggest a secondary-to-primary mean-diameter ratio of 0.46±0.02.Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams No. 1716
    Julian Oey, Leura Observatory, Australia; Petr Pravec and Peter Kusnirak, Ondrejov Observatory; Yu. Krugly and Vasilij Chiorny, Kharkiv Observatory, Ukraine; and John. Ries, McDonald Observatory
  2. ^ Pravec (2007) web: rotation period 3.3493±0.0006 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.12 mag. Summary figures at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) for (10208) Germanicus

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 10208 Germanicus (1997 QN1)" (2016-05-03 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  2. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  3. ^ a b c d "10208 Germanicus (1997 QN1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (10208) Germanicus". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d Oey, J.; Pravec, P.; Kusnirak, P.; Krugly, Yu.; Chiorny, V.; Ries, J. (September 2007). "(10208) 1997 QN1". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 1087 (1087): 1. Bibcode:2007CBET.1087....1O.
  6. ^ a b Johnston, Robert (21 September 2014). "(10208) Germanicus". johnstonsarchive.net. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
  8. ^ a b c Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026.
  9. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
  10. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68.
  11. ^ Oey, Julian (January 2016). "Lightcurve Analysis of Asteroids from Blue Mountains Observatory in 2014". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (1): 45–51. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43...45O. ISSN 1052-8091.
  12. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
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