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{{Short description|British politician (1872–1942)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{for|the American computer scientist|Arthur Samuel (computer scientist)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
|name = The Lord Mancroft
|image = Arthur Michael Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft.jpg
|office1 = [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)|Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee]]
|term_start1 = 1929
|term_end1 = 1931
|predecessor1 = [[William Graham (Edinburgh MP)|William Graham]]
|successor1 = [[Morgan Jones (British politician)|Morgan Jones]]
|office2 = [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]]
|primeminister2 = [[Stanley Baldwin]]
|term_start2 = 1 November 1927
|term_end2 = 5 June 1929
|predecessor2 = [[Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun|Ronald McNeill]]
|successor2 = [[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence|Frederick Pethick-Lawrence]]
|office3 = [[Secretary for Overseas Trade]]
|primeminister3 = [[Stanley Baldwin]]
|term_start3 = 4 November 1924
|term_end3 = 1 November 1927
|predecessor3 = [[William Lunn]]
|successor3 = [[Douglas Hewitt Hacking, 1st Baron Hacking|Douglas Hacking]]
| office14 = [[Member of Parliament]] for <br/> [[Farnham (UK Parliament constituency)|Farnham]]
| term_start14 = 14 December 1918
| term_end14 = 23 March 1937
| predecessor14 = [[County constituency]]
| successor14 = [[Godfrey Nicholson]]
|office13 = [[Member of the House of Lords]]<br/>[[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]
|term_start13 = 23 December 1937
|term_end13 = 17 August 1942<br/>[[Hereditary peer]]age
|predecessor13 = ''Peerage created''
|successor13 = [[Stormont Mancroft, 2nd Baron Mancroft|The 2nd Baron Mancroft]]


{{Infobox officeholder
|birth_date = 6 December 1872
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
|death_date = 17 August 1942 (aged 69)
| name = The Lord Mancroft
|party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
| image = Arthur Michael Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft.jpg
| office1 = [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)|Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee]]
| term_start1 = 1929
| term_end1 = 1931
| predecessor1 = [[William Graham (Edinburgh MP)|William Graham]]
| successor1 = [[Morgan Jones (British politician)|Morgan Jones]]
| office2 = [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]]
| primeminister2 = [[Stanley Baldwin]]
| term_start2 = 1 November 1927
| term_end2 = 5 June 1929
| predecessor2 = [[Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun|Ronald McNeill]]
| successor2 = [[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence|Frederick Pethick-Lawrence]]
| office3 = [[Secretary for Overseas Trade]]
| primeminister3 = Stanley Baldwin
| term_start3 = 4 November 1924
| term_end3 = 1 November 1927
| predecessor3 = [[William Lunn (politician)|William Lunn]]
| successor3 = [[Douglas Hacking, 1st Baron Hacking|Douglas Hacking]]
| office14 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Farnham (UK Parliament constituency)|Farnham]]
| term_start14 = 14 December 1918
| term_end14 = 23 March 1937
| predecessor14 = ''Constituency created''
| successor14 = [[Godfrey Nicholson]]
| office13 = [[Member of the House of Lords]]<br />[[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]
| term_start13 = 23 December 1937
| term_end13 = 17 August 1942<br />[[Hereditary peer]]age
| predecessor13 = ''Peerage created''
| successor13 = [[Stormont Mancroft, 2nd Baron Mancroft|The 2nd Baron Mancroft]]
| birth_name = Arthur Michael Samuel
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1872|12|06}}
| birth_place = [[Norwich]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1942|08|17|1872|12|06}}
| death_place = [[Uckfield]], England
| party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Phoebe Fletcher|1912}}
| education = [[Norwich School]]
}}
}}
'''Arthur Michael Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft''' (6 December 1872 – 17 August 1942), was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician.
'''Arthur Michael Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft''' (6 December 1872 – 17 August 1942) was a [[British Conservative]] politician.


==Background==
==Background==
Lord Mancroft was the eldest son of Benjamin Samuel, of [[Norwich]] (19 April 1840 – 16 April 1890), and Rosetta Haldinstein (died 29 April 1907, daughter of Philip Haldinstein and wife Rachel Soman), and grandson of Michael Samuel (1799–1857), all of them were [[Ashkenazi Jews]].
Born in [[Norwich]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=DUUDX9itcXzNKvySR%2BniOQ&scan=1|title=Index entry|accessdate=17 April 2023|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref> Lord Mancroft was the eldest son of Benjamin Samuel, of Norwich (19 April 1840 – 16 April 1890), and Rosetta Haldinstein (died 29 April 1907, daughter of Philip Haldinstein and wife Rachel Soman), and grandson of Michael Samuel (1799–1857), all of them were [[Ashkenazi Jews]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
He was educated at [[Norwich School (educational institution)|Norwich School]].<ref>''Who's Who 1938'', page 2220</ref> He was [[Lord Mayor of Norwich]] from 1912 to 1913 and was made an [[Honorary Freeman]] of the City of Norwich in 1928.
He was educated at [[Norwich School]].<ref>''Who's Who 1938'', page 2220</ref> He was [[Lord Mayor of Norwich]] from 1912 to 1913. He was the first Jewish Lord Mayor of Norwich <ref>{{cite web |url=//jewishlivesproject.com/profiles/arthur-samuel |website=Jewish Lives Project |title = Public Service |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> and was made an [[Honorary Freeman]] of the City of Norwich in 1928.


==Member of Parliament==
==Member of Parliament==
In 1918 he was elected as [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Farnham (UK Parliament constituency)|Farnham]], a seat he would hold until 1937, and served under [[Stanley Baldwin]] as [[Secretary for Overseas Trade]] from 1924 to 1927 and as [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]] from 1927 to 1929. He was also chairman of the [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)|Public Accounts Committee]] of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] in 1930 and 1931. Samuel was created a [[Baronet]], of Mancroft, in the [[Norwich|City of Norwich]] in the [[County of Norfolk]], on 15 January 1932,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33791 |date=19 January 1932 |page=419}}</ref> and on 23 December 1937, he was raised to the peerage as '''Baron Mancroft''', of Mancroft (referring to the area around [[St Peter Mancroft]] church) in the City of [[Norwich]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34375 |date=26 February 1937 |page=1324}}</ref>
in the two General elections of 1910 he stood for the Conservatives in the [[Stretford (UK Parliament constituency)|Stretford]] division of Lancashire, near Manchester, but was unsuccessful on both occasions. In 1918 he was elected as [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|member of parliament]] (MP) for [[Farnham (UK Parliament constituency)|Farnham]], a seat he would hold until 1937, and served under [[Stanley Baldwin]] as [[Secretary for Overseas Trade]] from 1924 to 1927 and as [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]] from 1927 to 1929. He was also chairman of the [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)|Public Accounts Committee]] of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] in 1930 and 1931. Samuel was created a [[Baronet]], of Mancroft, in the [[Norwich|City of Norwich]] in the [[County of Norfolk]], on 15 January 1932,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33791 |date=19 January 1932 |page=419}}</ref> and on 23 December 1937, he was raised to the peerage as '''Baron Mancroft''', of Mancroft (referring to the area around [[St Peter Mancroft]] church) in the City of [[Norwich]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34375 |date=26 February 1937 |page=1324}}</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
Lord Mancroft married Phoebe Fletcher, daughter of George Alfred Chune Fletcher and wife, in 1912. He died in August 1942, aged 69, and was succeeded in the baronetcy and barony by his son [[Stormont Mancroft, 2nd Baron Mancroft]]. He was also to become a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] government minister.
Lord Mancroft married Phoebe Fletcher, daughter of George Alfred Chune Fletcher and wife, in 1912. He died in [[Uckfield]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=HD4IUMcVgQEjYGhhNTsqZQ&scan=1|title=Index entry|accessdate=17 April 2023|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref> on 17 August 1942,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mr Arthur Samuel (Hansard)|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-arthur-samuel/index.html|access-date=2023-04-17|website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref> aged 69, and was succeeded in the baronetcy and the barony by his son [[Stormont Mancroft, 2nd Baron Mancroft]]. He was also to become a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] government minister.


The papers of Lord Mancroft are in the [[Churchill Archives Centre]], [[Churchill College]], Cambridge.<ref>http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FMNCR</ref>
The papers of Lord Mancroft are in the [[Churchill Archives Centre]], [[Churchill College]], Cambridge.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Papers of 1st Baron Mancroft|url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1723|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004225338/https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1723 |archive-date=4 October 2021 |access-date=5 November 2021|website=Archivesearch}}</ref>

==Author==
He published: "Life of [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]]"; "The Working of the Bill of Exchange with an Explanation of the Overseas Trade Balance"; "The [[Herring]]: its Effect on the History of Britain"; and "The Mancroft Essays".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Papers of 1st Baron Mancroft |url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1723 |website=rchives centre |publisher=University of ambridge |access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref>


==Arms==
==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
{{Infobox COA wide
|image =Coronet of a British Baron.svg|[[Baron]]
|image =[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|centre|150px]] [[File:Mancroft Escutcheon.png|centre|200px]]
|escutcheon = Gules a chevron chequy Argent and Sable between in chief two portcullises chained Or and in base a representation of Farnham Castle triple towered Or on a chief Or a lion passant guardant Sable.
|image size =
|crest = In front of a representation of Norwich Castle with three cupolas issuant from each a staff Proper flying therefrom a banner Argent charged with a cross Gules a sword sheathed Gules garnished Or pommelled and hilted Or and a mace Gold in saltire (''i.e. a representation of the ancient Crystal Mace and the Sword in the Regalia of the Corporation of the City of Norwich).''
|notes =
|supporters = On either side a whiffler of the Corporation of the City of Norwich Proper.<ref>{{cite book|title=Debrett's Peerage |date=2019 |page=3534}}</ref>
|year_adopted =
|coronet = [[Coronet|Coronet of a Baron]]
|escutcheon = Gules, a Chevron chequy Argent and Sable, between in chief two Portcullises chained Or, and in base a representation of Farnham Castle triple towered Or, on a Chief Or, a Lion passant guardant Sable.
|crest = In front of a representation of Norwich Castle with three Cupolas issuant from each a Staff proper, flying therefrom a Banner Argent, charged with a Cross Gules, a Sword sheathed Gules, garnished Or, pommelled and hilted Or, and a Mace Gold, in saltire (''i.e. a representation of the ancient Crystal Mace and the Sword in the Regalia of the Corporation of the City of Norwich).''
|supporters = On either side a Whiffler of the Corporation of the City of Norwich proper.
|compartment =
|motto = '''COURAGE, PATIENCE'''
|motto = '''COURAGE, PATIENCE'''
|orders =
|other_elements =
|banner =
|badge =
|symbolism =
|pervious_versions =
}}
}}

{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
==Sources==
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Kidd |editor1-first=Charles |editor2-last=Williamson |editor2-first=David |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |title-link=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |edition=1990 |location=New York |publisher=St Martin's Press |year=1990}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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{{s-new | Constituency }}
{{s-new | Constituency }}
{{s-ttl
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Farnham (UK Parliament constituency)|Farnham]]
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Farnham (UK Parliament constituency)|Farnham]]
| years = [[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]]–[[1937 Farnham by-election|1937]]
| years = [[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]]–[[1937 Farnham by-election|1937]]
}}
}}
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{{s-off}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | title=[[Secretary for Overseas Trade]] | before=[[William Lunn]] | after=[[Douglas Hewitt Hacking, 1st Baron Hacking|Douglas Hacking]] | years=1924–1927}}
{{succession box | title=[[Secretary for Overseas Trade]] | before=[[William Lunn (politician)|William Lunn]] | after=[[Douglas Hewitt Hacking, 1st Baron Hacking|Douglas Hacking]] | years=1924–1927}}
{{succession box | title=[[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]] | before=[[Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun|Ronald McNeill]] | after=[[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence|Frederick Pethick-Lawrence]] | years=1927–1929}}
{{succession box | title=[[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]] | before=[[Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun|Ronald McNeill]] | after=[[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence|Frederick Pethick-Lawrence]] | years=1927–1929}}


{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{s-ttl
{{s-ttl
| title=[[Baron Mancroft]]
| title=[[Baron Mancroft]]
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[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Norwich]]
[[Category:Politicians from Norwich]]
[[Category:British people of English descent]]
[[Category:British people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:British people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:British Ashkenazi Jews]]
[[Category:British Ashkenazi Jews]]
[[Category:People educated at Norwich School]]
[[Category:People educated at Norwich School]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Samuel, Arthur]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Samuel, Arthur]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1918–1922|Samuel, Arthur]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1918–1922|Samuel, Arthur]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1922–1923|Samuel, Arthur]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1922–1923|Samuel, Arthur]]
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[[Category:Mayors of Norwich]]
[[Category:Mayors of Norwich]]
[[Category:Jewish British politicians]]
[[Category:Jewish British politicians]]
[[Category:Peers created by George VI]]
[[Category:Samuel baronets|401]]
[[Category:Barons created by George VI]]

Latest revision as of 14:14, 7 July 2024

For the American computer scientist, see Arthur Samuel (computer scientist).

The Right Honourable
The Lord Mancroft
Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee
In office
1929–1931
Preceded byWilliam Graham
Succeeded byMorgan Jones
Financial Secretary to the Treasury
In office
1 November 1927 – 5 June 1929
Prime MinisterStanley Baldwin
Preceded byRonald McNeill
Succeeded byFrederick Pethick-Lawrence
Secretary for Overseas Trade
In office
4 November 1924 – 1 November 1927
Prime MinisterStanley Baldwin
Preceded byWilliam Lunn
Succeeded byDouglas Hacking
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
In office
23 December 1937 – 17 August 1942
Hereditary peerage
Preceded byPeerage created
Succeeded byThe 2nd Baron Mancroft
Member of Parliament
for Farnham
In office
14 December 1918 – 23 March 1937
Preceded byConstituency created
Succeeded byGodfrey Nicholson
Personal details
Born
Arthur Michael Samuel

(1872-12-06)6 December 1872
Norwich, England
Died17 August 1942(1942-08-17) (aged 69)
Uckfield, England
Political partyConservative
Spouse
Phoebe Fletcher
​
(m. 1912)​
EducationNorwich School

Arthur Michael Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft (6 December 1872 – 17 August 1942) was a British Conservative politician.

Background

[edit]

Born in Norwich,[1] Lord Mancroft was the eldest son of Benjamin Samuel, of Norwich (19 April 1840 – 16 April 1890), and Rosetta Haldinstein (died 29 April 1907, daughter of Philip Haldinstein and wife Rachel Soman), and grandson of Michael Samuel (1799–1857), all of them were Ashkenazi Jews.

Early life

[edit]

He was educated at Norwich School.[2] He was Lord Mayor of Norwich from 1912 to 1913. He was the first Jewish Lord Mayor of Norwich [3] and was made an Honorary Freeman of the City of Norwich in 1928.

Member of Parliament

[edit]

in the two General elections of 1910 he stood for the Conservatives in the Stretford division of Lancashire, near Manchester, but was unsuccessful on both occasions. In 1918 he was elected as member of parliament (MP) for Farnham, a seat he would hold until 1937, and served under Stanley Baldwin as Secretary for Overseas Trade from 1924 to 1927 and as Financial Secretary to the Treasury from 1927 to 1929. He was also chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons in 1930 and 1931. Samuel was created a Baronet, of Mancroft, in the City of Norwich in the County of Norfolk, on 15 January 1932,[4] and on 23 December 1937, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Mancroft, of Mancroft (referring to the area around St Peter Mancroft church) in the City of Norwich.[5]

Family

[edit]

Lord Mancroft married Phoebe Fletcher, daughter of George Alfred Chune Fletcher and wife, in 1912. He died in Uckfield[6] on 17 August 1942,[7] aged 69, and was succeeded in the baronetcy and the barony by his son Stormont Mancroft, 2nd Baron Mancroft. He was also to become a Conservative government minister.

The papers of Lord Mancroft are in the Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge.[8]

Author

[edit]

He published: "Life of Giovanni Battista Piranesi"; "The Working of the Bill of Exchange with an Explanation of the Overseas Trade Balance"; "The Herring: its Effect on the History of Britain"; and "The Mancroft Essays".[9]

Arms

[edit]
Coat of arms of Arthur Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft
Crest
In front of a representation of Norwich Castle with three cupolas issuant from each a staff Proper flying therefrom a banner Argent charged with a cross Gules a sword sheathed Gules garnished Or pommelled and hilted Or and a mace Gold in saltire (i.e. a representation of the ancient Crystal Mace and the Sword in the Regalia of the Corporation of the City of Norwich).
Escutcheon
Gules a chevron chequy Argent and Sable between in chief two portcullises chained Or and in base a representation of Farnham Castle triple towered Or on a chief Or a lion passant guardant Sable.
Supporters
On either side a whiffler of the Corporation of the City of Norwich Proper.[10]
Motto
COURAGE, PATIENCE

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  2. ^ Who's Who 1938, page 2220
  3. ^ "Public Service". Jewish Lives Project. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  4. ^ "No. 33791". The London Gazette. 19 January 1932. p. 419.
  5. ^ "No. 34375". The London Gazette. 26 February 1937. p. 1324.
  6. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  7. ^ "Mr Arthur Samuel (Hansard)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  8. ^ "The Papers of 1st Baron Mancroft". Archivesearch. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  9. ^ "The Papers of 1st Baron Mancroft". rchives centre. University of ambridge. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  10. ^ Debrett's Peerage. 2019. p. 3534.

Sources

[edit]
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency Member of Parliament for Farnham
1918–1937 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Secretary for Overseas Trade
1924–1927 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Financial Secretary to the Treasury
1927–1929 		Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baron Mancroft
1937–1942 		Succeeded by
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baronet
(of Mancroft)
1932–1942 		Succeeded by
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