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{{Short description|Indian linguist and historian}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{infobox writer
{{infobox writer
| name = Sukumar Sen
| name = Sukumar Sen
| image = Sukumar Sen (Linguist).jpg
| image = Sukumar Sen linguist 2020 cover of India cr.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth-date|16 January 1900}}
| birth_date = {{birth-date|16 January 1900}}<ref name=r1/>
| birth_place = [[Gotan]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<ref name=r1/>
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death-date and age|3 March 1992|16 January 1900}}
| death_date = {{death-date and age|3 March 1992|16 January 1900}}<ref name=r1/>
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India<ref name=r1>[https://data.bnf.fr/fr/12531238/sukumar_sen/ Sukumar Sen (1900–1992)]. Bibliothèque nationale de France</ref>
| death_place =
|alma_mater=[[Burdwan Raj College]]
}}
}}


Prof. '''Sukumar Sen''' ({{lang-bn|সুকুমার সেন}}; 16 January 1900&nbsp;– 3 March 1992) was a famous [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[linguist]], who was also well versed in [[Pāli]], [[Prakrit]] and [[Sanskrit]].
'''Sukumar Sen''' (16 January 1900 – 3 March 1992) was an Indian [[linguist]] and historian of the [[Bengali literature]], who was also well versed in [[Pāli]], [[Prakrit]] and [[Sanskrit]].


== Life ==
== Life ==
⚫
Sen was born on 16 January 1900 in a prominent [[kayastha]] family to Harendra Nath Sen, a lawyer and Nabanalini Devi. His hometown was [[Gotan]], near [[Shyamsundar]] in the [[Purba Bardhaman district]]. Sen was educated at the Burdwan Municipal High School, Burdwan, 1917. He obtained an F.A. in 1919 from Burdwan Raj College, then affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]]. He received a divisional scholarship and earned first class honours in [[Sanskrit]] from the Government [[Sanskrit college|Sanskrit College]] in 1921. He studied [[Comparative Philology]] in Kolkata, scoring the highest marks in 1923. Linguists [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]] and Irach Jehangir Sorabji Taraporewala were his teachers. He received a Premchand Roychand Scholarship and a PhD degree.<ref name=r2>[https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/66dda24b-f169-3ce2-b374-ad1c6240c405?component=284c3e6e-c894-3929-9934-536914b2f3c0 1984 – Professor Sukumar Sen]. Royal Asiatic Society</ref><ref name=r3>Nancy Charley (25 May 2018) [https://royalasiaticsociety.org/silk-road-culture-and-more-gold-medallists/ Silk Road Culture and More Gold Medallists]. Royal Asiatic Society </ref>


⚫
Sen retired from the university in 1964.
⚫
Sen was born in 1900 to Harendra Nath Sen, a lawyer and Nabanalini Devi. His hometown was [[Gotan]], near [[Shyamsundar]] in the [[Purba Bardhaman district]]. Sen was educated at the Burdwan Municipal High School, Burdwan, 1917. He obtained an F.A. in 1919 from Burdwan Raj College, then affiliated with the University of Calcutta.. He received a divisional scholarship and earned first class honours in [[Sanskrit]] from the Government Sanskrit College in 1921. He studied [[Comparative Linguistics]] in Kolkata, scoring the highest marks in 1923. Linguists [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]] and Taraporewala were his teachers. He received a Premchand Roychand Scholarship and a PhD degree.

⚫
Sen retired from the University in 1964.


== Work ==
== Work ==
⚫
He joined the University of Calcutta as a lecturer in 1930, where he served as a professor for thirty four years. He became the second Khaira Professor in the Department of Comparative Philology after his mentor, [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]], in 1954. After assuming this title, the department attracted many scholars from India and abroad to study and conduct research.

⚫
He joined the University of Calcutta as a lecturer in 1930, where he served as a professor for thirty four years. He became the second Khaira Professor in the Department of Comparative Philology after his mentor, Suniti Kumar Chatterji, in 1954. After assuming this title, the department attracted many scholars from India and abroad to study and conduct research.


Sen was the first scholar to explore the Old Indo-Aryan syntax in his book, ''Use of Cases in Vedic Prose'' (1928), and ''Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit'' (1928). He later analysed the syntax of [[Middle Indo-Aryan]] in ''An Outline of Syntax of Middle Indo-Aryan'' (1950). He contributed significantly to Bengali literature, addressing themes ranging from [[mythology]], the [[Puranas]] and crime to [[Horror novel|horror]]. Sen's crime stories were compiled in the book ''Galpa Samgraha'' (2009).
Sen was the first scholar to explore the Old Indo-Aryan syntax in his book, ''Use of Cases in Vedic Prose'' (1928), and ''Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit'' (1928). He later analysed the syntax of [[Middle Indo-Aryan]] in ''An Outline of Syntax of Middle Indo-Aryan'' (1950). He contributed significantly to Bengali literature, addressing themes ranging from [[mythology]], the [[Puranas]] and crime to [[Horror novel|horror]]. Sen's crime stories were compiled in the book ''Galpa Samgraha'' (2009).
Line 27: Line 26:
He published numerous significant articles and research papers. These include the Bangla Sahityer Itihas (5 Vol 1939, 1991), Bhashar Itibritta (1939, 1993), A History of Brajabuli Literature (1935), A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan (1960), Ramkathar Prak Itihas (1977), Bangla Sthannaam (1982), Bharat Kathar Granthimochan (1981), Bharatiya Arya Sahityer Itihas (1963, 1992) and Women's Dialect in Bengali (1923).
He published numerous significant articles and research papers. These include the Bangla Sahityer Itihas (5 Vol 1939, 1991), Bhashar Itibritta (1939, 1993), A History of Brajabuli Literature (1935), A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan (1960), Ramkathar Prak Itihas (1977), Bangla Sthannaam (1982), Bharat Kathar Granthimochan (1981), Bharatiya Arya Sahityer Itihas (1963, 1992) and Women's Dialect in Bengali (1923).


Bhashar Itibritta is the first book in the Bengali language on Indo-Aryan and Indo-European historical linguistics. In this book, he postulated [[Jharkhand]]i as the fifth dialect of the Bengali language. His book ''Bangala Sahitye Gadya'' (1934) remains the best example of a systematic, stylistic description of the literary dialect of the language. The Etymological Dictionary of Bengali (in two volumes, 1971) is one of the largest works on historical [[etymology]] in any Indian language. ''Bangala Sahityet Itihas'' was also a monumental contribution. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] commended the book and wrote the preface. The English edition was published by the [[Sahitya Academy]] in 1960. Pandit [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] wrote the foreword for this book. His autobiography was 'Diner Pore Din Je Gelo'' (The Days Pass By).
Bhashar Itibritta is the first book in the Bengali language on Indo-Aryan and Indo-European historical linguistics. In this book, he postulated [[Jharkhand]]i as the fifth dialect of the Bengali language. His book ''Bangala Sahitye Gadya'' (1934) remains the best example of a systematic, stylistic description of the literary dialect of the language. The Etymological Dictionary of Bengali (in two volumes, 1971) is one of the largest works on historical [[etymology]] in any Indian language. ''Bangala Sahityer Itihas'' was also a monumental contribution. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] commended the book and wrote the preface. The English edition was published by the [[Sahitya Akademi]] in 1960. Pandit [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] wrote the foreword for this book. His autobiography was "Diner Pore Din Je Gelo" (The Days Pass By).


== Recognition ==
== Recognition ==
⚫
The [[Royal Asiatic Society]] of London honoured him with a Jubilee Gold Medal in 1984,<ref name=r2/><ref name=r3/> making him the first [[Asian people|Asian]] to receive the prize. Other prizes include the Rabindra Puraskar (1963), Ananda Puraskar (1966, 1984), Vidyasagar Puraskar (1981), Desikottam (1982), and the [[Padma Bhushan]] (1990).<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028182142/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | access-date=21 July 2015| archive-date=28 October 2015 }}</ref> The Asiatic Society, Calcutta, awarded him the [[Jadunath Sarkar]] Medal. He was elected as an honorary fellow of [[Sahitya Akademi]] in 1973.<ref>[http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/fellows/sahitya_akademi_fellowship.jsp SAHITYA AKADEMI FELLOWSHIP]. sahitya-akademi.gov.in</ref>

⚫
The London Asiatic Society honoured him with a Jubilee Gold Medal in 1984, making him the first Asian to receive the prize. Other prizes include the Rabindra Puraskar (1963), Ananda Puraskar (1966, 1984), Vidyasagar Puraskar (1981), Desikottam (1982), and the [[Padma Bhushan]] (1990).<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> The Asiatic Society, Calcutta, awarded him the Jadunath Sircar Medal. He was elected as an honorary fellow of Sahitya Academi in 1973.


He received the prestigious Ashutosh Memorial Gold Medal and Griffith Memorial prize twice. He was also awarded the University Gold medal and Sarojini medal.
He received the prestigious Ashutosh Memorial Gold Medal and Griffith Memorial prize twice. He was also awarded the University Gold medal and Sarojini medal.


A college in Gotan was named in his honour.
[[Acharya Sukumar Sen Mahavidyalaya|A college in Gotan]] was named in his honour.<ref>[http://assmahavidyalaya.net/about_us.php About us]. assmahavidyalaya.net</ref>


== Books ==
== Books ==
#Bhashar Itibritwa ভাষার ইতিবৃত্ত (বাংলা ভাষাতত্ত্বের একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ আলোচনা)
*Bhashar Itibritta ভাষার ইতিবৃত্ত (বাংলা ভাষাতত্ত্বের একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ আলোচনা)
#Women's Dialect in Bengali (বাংলা মেয়েলি ভাষা নিয়ে গবেষণামূলক রচনা)
*Women's Dialect in Bengali (বাংলা মেয়েলি ভাষা নিয়ে গবেষণামূলক রচনা)
#Bangla sthan nam বাংলা স্থাননাম (বাংলা স্থাননাম নিয়ে ভাষাতাত্ত্বিক ও ঐতিহাসিক বিশ্লেষণ)
*Bangla sthan nam বাংলা স্থাননাম (বাংলা স্থাননাম নিয়ে ভাষাতাত্ত্বিক ও ঐতিহাসিক বিশ্লেষণ)
#Ram kathar prak itihas রামকথার প্রাক-ইতিহাস (রামায়ণ-সংক্রান্ত তুলনামূলক পুরাণতাত্ত্বিক আলোচনা)
*Ram kathar prak itihas রামকথার প্রাক্-ইতিহাস (রামায়ণ-সংক্রান্ত তুলনামূলক পুরাণতাত্ত্বিক আলোচনা)
#Bhatat kathar granthi mochan ভারত-কথার গ্রন্থিমোচন (মহাভারত-সংক্রান্ত তুলনামূলক পুরাণতাত্ত্বিক আলোচনা)
*Bharat kathar granthi mochan ভারত-কথার গ্রন্থিমোচন (মহাভারত-সংক্রান্ত তুলনামূলক পুরাণতাত্ত্বিক আলোচনা)
#A History of Brajabuli Literature (ব্রজবুলি সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস)
*A History of Brajabuli Literature (ব্রজবুলি সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস)
#Bangla sahityer itihas বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস (৫ট খণ্ডে, সুকুমার সেনের সবচেয়ে বিখ্যাত বই, বাংলা সাহিত্যের একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ ও সামগ্রিক ইতিহাস)<ref>{{cite book | url = http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/handle/10689/23144 | title = বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস | year = 1955}}</ref>
*Bangla sahityer itihas বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস (৫ খণ্ডে, সুকুমার সেনের সবচেয়ে বিখ্যাত বই, বাংলা সাহিত্যের একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ ও সামগ্রিক ইতিহাস)<ref>{{cite book | url = http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/handle/10689/23144 | title = বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস | year = 1955}}</ref>
*Bangla sahityer katha বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের কথা <ref>{{cite book | url = http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/handle/10689/18342 | title = বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের কথা | year = 1939}}</ref>
⚫
#Banga bhumika বঙ্গভূমিকা (বাংলার আদি-ইতিহাস সংক্রান্ত গ্রন্থ)
* Bangla sahitye gadya বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যে গদ্য <ref>{{cite book | url = http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/handle/10689/21448 | title = বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যে গদ্য | year = 1939}}</ref>
⚫
#Bangla Islami sahitya বাংলা ইসলামি সাহিত্য
⚫
*Banga bhumika বঙ্গভূমিকা (বাংলার আদি-ইতিহাস সংক্রান্ত গ্রন্থ)
⚫
#Diner pare din je gelo দিনের পরে দিন যে গেল ( আত্মজীবনীমূলক রচনা )
⚫
*Bangla Islami sahitya বাংলা ইসলামি সাহিত্য
⚫
*Diner pare din je gelo দিনের পরে দিন যে গেল ( আত্মজীবনীমূলক রচনা )


== References ==
== References ==
{{Commons category|Sukumar Sen (linguist)}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali detective writers]]
[[Category:Bengali detective fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengalis]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Linguists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Linguists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ananda Purashkar]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:People from Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:People from Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Linguists of Bengali]]
[[Category:Linguists of Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali historians]]

Latest revision as of 07:33, 9 July 2024

Sukumar Sen
Born16 January 1900 (1900-01-16)[1]
Gotan, Bengal Presidency, British India[1]
Died3 March 1992 (1992-03-04) (aged 92)[1]
Calcutta, West Bengal, India[1]
Alma materBurdwan Raj College

Sukumar Sen (16 January 1900 – 3 March 1992) was an Indian linguist and historian of the Bengali literature, who was also well versed in Pāli, Prakrit and Sanskrit.

Life

[edit]

Sen was born on 16 January 1900 in a prominent kayastha family to Harendra Nath Sen, a lawyer and Nabanalini Devi. His hometown was Gotan, near Shyamsundar in the Purba Bardhaman district. Sen was educated at the Burdwan Municipal High School, Burdwan, 1917. He obtained an F.A. in 1919 from Burdwan Raj College, then affiliated with the University of Calcutta. He received a divisional scholarship and earned first class honours in Sanskrit from the Government Sanskrit College in 1921. He studied Comparative Philology in Kolkata, scoring the highest marks in 1923. Linguists Suniti Kumar Chatterji and Irach Jehangir Sorabji Taraporewala were his teachers. He received a Premchand Roychand Scholarship and a PhD degree.[2][3]

Sen retired from the university in 1964.

Work

[edit]

He joined the University of Calcutta as a lecturer in 1930, where he served as a professor for thirty four years. He became the second Khaira Professor in the Department of Comparative Philology after his mentor, Suniti Kumar Chatterji, in 1954. After assuming this title, the department attracted many scholars from India and abroad to study and conduct research.

Sen was the first scholar to explore the Old Indo-Aryan syntax in his book, Use of Cases in Vedic Prose (1928), and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (1928). He later analysed the syntax of Middle Indo-Aryan in An Outline of Syntax of Middle Indo-Aryan (1950). He contributed significantly to Bengali literature, addressing themes ranging from mythology, the Puranas and crime to horror. Sen's crime stories were compiled in the book Galpa Samgraha (2009).

He published numerous significant articles and research papers. These include the Bangla Sahityer Itihas (5 Vol 1939, 1991), Bhashar Itibritta (1939, 1993), A History of Brajabuli Literature (1935), A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan (1960), Ramkathar Prak Itihas (1977), Bangla Sthannaam (1982), Bharat Kathar Granthimochan (1981), Bharatiya Arya Sahityer Itihas (1963, 1992) and Women's Dialect in Bengali (1923).

Bhashar Itibritta is the first book in the Bengali language on Indo-Aryan and Indo-European historical linguistics. In this book, he postulated Jharkhandi as the fifth dialect of the Bengali language. His book Bangala Sahitye Gadya (1934) remains the best example of a systematic, stylistic description of the literary dialect of the language. The Etymological Dictionary of Bengali (in two volumes, 1971) is one of the largest works on historical etymology in any Indian language. Bangala Sahityer Itihas was also a monumental contribution. Rabindranath Tagore commended the book and wrote the preface. The English edition was published by the Sahitya Akademi in 1960. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru wrote the foreword for this book. His autobiography was "Diner Pore Din Je Gelo" (The Days Pass By).

Recognition

[edit]

The Royal Asiatic Society of London honoured him with a Jubilee Gold Medal in 1984,[2][3] making him the first Asian to receive the prize. Other prizes include the Rabindra Puraskar (1963), Ananda Puraskar (1966, 1984), Vidyasagar Puraskar (1981), Desikottam (1982), and the Padma Bhushan (1990).[4] The Asiatic Society, Calcutta, awarded him the Jadunath Sarkar Medal. He was elected as an honorary fellow of Sahitya Akademi in 1973.[5]

He received the prestigious Ashutosh Memorial Gold Medal and Griffith Memorial prize twice. He was also awarded the University Gold medal and Sarojini medal.

A college in Gotan was named in his honour.[6]

Books

[edit]
  • Bhashar Itibritta ভাষার ইতিবৃত্ত (বাংলা ভাষাতত্ত্বের একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ আলোচনা)
  • Women's Dialect in Bengali (বাংলা মেয়েলি ভাষা নিয়ে গবেষণামূলক রচনা)
  • Bangla sthan nam বাংলা স্থাননাম (বাংলা স্থাননাম নিয়ে ভাষাতাত্ত্বিক ও ঐতিহাসিক বিশ্লেষণ)
  • Ram kathar prak itihas রামকথার প্রাক্-ইতিহাস (রামায়ণ-সংক্রান্ত তুলনামূলক পুরাণতাত্ত্বিক আলোচনা)
  • Bharat kathar granthi mochan ভারত-কথার গ্রন্থিমোচন (মহাভারত-সংক্রান্ত তুলনামূলক পুরাণতাত্ত্বিক আলোচনা)
  • A History of Brajabuli Literature (ব্রজবুলি সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস)
  • Bangla sahityer itihas বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস (৫ খণ্ডে, সুকুমার সেনের সবচেয়ে বিখ্যাত বই, বাংলা সাহিত্যের একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ ও সামগ্রিক ইতিহাস)[7]
  • Bangla sahityer katha বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের কথা [8]
  • Bangla sahitye gadya বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যে গদ্য [9]
  • Banga bhumika বঙ্গভূমিকা (বাংলার আদি-ইতিহাস সংক্রান্ত গ্রন্থ)
  • Bangla Islami sahitya বাংলা ইসলামি সাহিত্য
  • Diner pare din je gelo দিনের পরে দিন যে গেল ( আত্মজীবনীমূলক রচনা )

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sukumar Sen (linguist).
  1. ^ a b c d Sukumar Sen (1900–1992). Bibliothèque nationale de France
  2. ^ a b 1984 – Professor Sukumar Sen. Royal Asiatic Society
  3. ^ a b Nancy Charley (25 May 2018) Silk Road Culture and More Gold Medallists. Royal Asiatic Society
  4. ^ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  5. ^ SAHITYA AKADEMI FELLOWSHIP. sahitya-akademi.gov.in
  6. ^ About us. assmahavidyalaya.net
  7. ^ বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস. 1955.
  8. ^ বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের কথা. 1939.
  9. ^ বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যে গদ্য. 1939.
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