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{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Riley RM Series
| name = Riley RM Series
| image =
| image = Riley RMA BW 1.jpg
| manufacturer = [[Riley Motor|Riley]]
| caption = 1951 Riley RMA
| manufacturer = [[Riley Motor]]s
| production = 1945–55
| production = 1945–55
| predecessor = {{unbulleted list|Riley Kestrel body|and|[[Riley 12/4|12/4 1½-litre engine]]|or|[[Riley 16|16/4 2½-litre Big Four engine]]}}
| predecessor = {{unbulleted list|Riley Kestrel body|and|[[Riley 12/4|12/4 1½-litre engine]]|or|[[Riley 16|16/4 2½-litre Big Four engine]]}}
| successor = [[Riley Pathfinder]]
| successor = [[Riley Pathfinder]]
| class = [[Executive car]] ([[E-segment|E]])
| class = [[Executive car]] ([[E-segment|E]]); [[compact executive car]] ([[D-segment|D]])
| body_style = {{unbulleted list|4-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]|2-door [[Roadster (automobile)|open 2 or 3-seater]]|2-door 4-seater [[convertible (car)|cabriolet]]}}
| body_style = {{unbulleted list|4-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]|2-door [[Roadster (automobile)|open 2 or 3-seater]]|2-door 4-seater [[convertible (car)|cabriolet]]}}
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| layout = [[FR layout]]
| width = {{convert|63|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{cvt|63|in|mm|0}}
| wheelbase = 1.5 L cars – {{convert|112|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />2.5 L cars – {{convert|119|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = 1.5 L cars – {{cvt|112|in|mm|0}}<br />2.5 L cars – {{cvt|119|in|mm|0}}
| length = 1.5 L cars – {{convert|179|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />2.5 L cars – {{convert|186|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = 1.5 L cars – {{cvt|179|in|mm|0}}<br />2.5 L cars – {{cvt|186|in|mm|0}}
| height = {{convert|59|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| height = {{cvt|59|in|mm|0}}
| weight =
| weight =
}}
}}


The '''Riley RM Series''' is an [[executive car]] which was produced by [[Riley Motor|Riley]] from 1945 to 1955. It was the last model developed independently by [[Riley (automobile)|Riley]] prior to the 1952 merger of Riley's still new owner [[Morris Motors|Nuffield]], with [[Austin Motor Company|Austin]] to form [[British Motor Corporation|BMC]]. The RM series was originally produced in [[Coventry]], but in 1949 production moved to the [[MG Cars|MG]] works at [[Abingdon-on-Thames|Abingdon]]. The RM models were marketed as the '''Riley 1½ Litre''' and the '''Riley 2½ Litre'''.<ref>[http://www.car-brochures.eu/rileyadverts.htm Riley advertisements 1931 – 1955, www.car-brochures.eu] Retrieved on 7 February 2013</ref>
The '''Riley RM''' is a series of [[executive car]]s and [[compact executive car]]s that were made by [[Riley Motor]]s from 1945 until 1955. They were the last models developed independently by Riley before its parent company, [[Morris Motors|Nuffield]], merged with [[Austin Motor Company|Austin]] to form [[British Motor Corporation|BMC]]. The RM series was produced in [[Coventry]] until 1949, when production moved to the [[MG cars|MG]] works at [[Abingdon-on-Thames|Abingdon]]. Until 1952, models were marketed as the '''Riley 1½ Litre''' and the '''Riley 2½ Litre'''.<ref name="cbe-riley"/> the term RM has been used retrospectively to encompass models produced before 1952.


There were three types of RM vehicles produced. The RMA was a large [[sedan (car)|saloon]], and was replaced by the RME. The RMB was a longer car to carry the larger engine and was replaced by the RMF. The RMC and RMD were limited-production cars, an open 2 or 3-seater Roadster and a 4-seater [[convertible (car)|Drophead]]. All of the RM vehicles featured the pre-war Riley race developed 1.5&nbsp;L (1496&nbsp;cc) 12&nbsp;hp (RAC Rating) or the successful 1937 new 16&nbsp;hp (RAC Rating) 2.5&nbsp;L "Big Four" [[straight-4]] engines with hemispherical combustion chambers and twin camshafts mounted high at the sides of the cylinder block.
There were four types of RM vehicles produced. All used Riley engines with four cylinders in-line, hemispherical combustion chambers and twin camshafts mounted high at the sides of the cylinder block.

The RMA was a large [[sedan (car)|saloon]], and was replaced by the RME. Both used a 1.5&nbsp;L (1,496&nbsp;cc) 12&nbsp;hp (RAC Rating), developed before WWII.

The RMB was a longer car, and it was replaced by the RMF. Both cars used a larger engine, new in 1937, a 2.5&nbsp;L 16&nbsp;hp (RAC Rating) "Big Four".

The RMC and RMD were limited-production cars, an open 2 or 3-seater Roadster and a 4-seater [[convertible (car)|drophead]].

The [[Riley Pathfinder]] was the RMH, and was the last saloon to be built with the Riley Big Four engine.
__TOC__
__TOC__
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}


==Kestrel==
==Kestrel==
[[File:Riley 16HP Kestrel (1938) (18751537161).jpg|thumb|Riley's 1937-1939 Kestrel body]]
[[File:Riley 16HP Kestrel (1938) (18751537161).jpg|thumb|1938 Riley Kestrel]]
The RM was inspired by Riley Motors' successful and stylish pre-war 1½ and 2½ Litre Kestrel and Continental Touring Saloons, but the new car featured an entirely new chassis.
The RM was inspired by Riley Motors' successful and stylish pre-war 1.5 and 2.5 Litre Kestrel saloons, but with a new chassis, which with its Riley "torsionic" independent front-wheel suspension incorporated the experience of the wartime years.<ref name="tmg-nov1945"/>

The RM series was a new design, because [[Coventry Blitz|air raids on Coventry]] destroyed the patterns of dies for the pre-war models.<ref name="tmg-jun1945"/>
{{-}}
{{-}}


Line 33: Line 44:
| name = Riley RMA
| name = Riley RMA
| image = File:1952 Riley RMA (cropped).jpg
| image = File:1952 Riley RMA (cropped).jpg
| caption = manufactured 1952
| caption = 1952 RMA
| production = 1945–52<br />10,504 produced.
| production = 1945–52<br />10,504 produced.
| predecessor = [[Riley 12/4]] and [[Riley 12]]
| predecessor = [[Riley 12/4]] and [[Riley 12]]
| successor = Riley RME
| successor = Riley RME
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]
| engine = 1.5 L [[Straight-4]] as for 2½-litre Big Four but bore 69mm by stroke 100mm and bhp 60 @5,300 rpm<ref>Cars of To-Day. ''The Times'', Tuesday, 24 November 1936; pg. 12; Issue 47540</ref>
| engine = 1.5 L [[Straight-4]] as for 2.5-litre Big Four but bore 69mm by stroke 100mm and bhp 60 @5,300 rpm<ref name="times-nov1936"/>
}}
}}
The RMA was the first post-war [[Riley (automobile)|Riley]]. It was announced in August 1945 with the news it would become available in the autumn.<ref>City Notes. ''The Times'', Friday, Aug 24, 1945; pg. 7; Issue 50229</ref> It used the 1.5&nbsp;L engine and was equipped with hydro-mechanical brakes and an [[independent suspension]] using torsion bars in front. The body frame (not to be confused with the [[chassis]]) was made of wood in the English tradition, and the car featured traditional styling. The car was capable of reaching {{convert|75|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}. The RMA was produced from 1945 until 1952 when it was replaced by the [[#RME|RME]].
The RMA was the first post-war Riley. It was announced in August 1945 with the news it would become available in the autumn.<ref name="times-aug1945"/> It used the 1.5&nbsp;L engine and was equipped with hydro-mechanical brakes and an [[independent suspension]] using torsion bars in front. The body frame (not to be confused with the [[chassis]]) was made of wood in the English tradition, and the car featured traditional styling. The car was capable of reaching {{cvt|75|mi/h|km/h}}. The RMA was produced from 1945 until 1952 when it was replaced by the [[#RME|RME]].


<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Riley RMA 1,5-Litre Saloon 1949.jpg|Riley RMA 1½-Litre 4-Door Saloon 1949
File:Riley RMA 1,5-Litre Saloon 1952.jpg|Riley RMA 1½-Litre 4-Door Saloon 1952
</gallery>
{{commons category|Riley 1½ RMA saloon}}
{{commons category|Riley 1½ RMA saloon}}
{{clear}}
{{clear}}
Line 53: Line 60:
| name = Riley RMB
| name = Riley RMB
| image = Riley 2,5-Litre Saloon 1950.jpg
| image = Riley 2,5-Litre Saloon 1950.jpg
| production = 1946–52<br />6900 produced
| production = 1946–52<br/>6,900 produced
| successor = Riley RMF
| successor = Riley RMF
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]]
| engine = 2.5 L [[Straight-4]]
| engine = 2.5 L [[Straight-4]]
|width = {{convert|63.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1949/>
|width = {{cvt|63.5|in|mm|0}}<ref name="motor-1949"/>
|length = {{convert|186|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1949/>
|length = {{cvt|186|in|mm|0}}<ref name="motor-1949"/>
|weight =
|weight =
|height = {{convert|59|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1949/>
|height = {{cvt|59|in|mm|0}}<ref name="motor-1949"/>
|wheelbase = {{convert|119|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=Motor1949/>
|wheelbase = {{cvt|119|in|mm|0}}<ref name="motor-1949"/>
}}
}}
The 2.5&nbsp;L (2443&nbsp;cc) RMB was a lengthened RMA launched a year later in 1946.
The 2.5&nbsp;L (2443&nbsp;cc) RMB was a lengthened RMA launched a year later in 1946.


It used the 2.5&nbsp;L (2443&nbsp;cc) "Big Four" engine with twin SU carburettors, starting with 90&nbsp;hp (67&nbsp;kW) but increasing to 100&nbsp;hp (75&nbsp;kW) for 1948 with a {{convert|95|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} top speed.
It used the 2.5&nbsp;L (2443&nbsp;cc) "Big Four" engine with twin SU carburettors, starting with 90&nbsp;hp (67&nbsp;kW) but increasing to 100&nbsp;hp (75&nbsp;kW) for 1948 with a {{cvt|95|mi/h|km/h}} top speed.


The wheelbase was {{convert|6.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} longer and the overall length was a full {{convert|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} longer. The RMB was replaced by the [[#RMF|RMF]] for 1952.
The wheelbase was {{cvt|6.5|in|mm|0}} longer and the overall length was a full {{cvt|7|in|mm|0}} longer. The RMB was replaced by the [[#RMF|RMF]] for 1952.


The RMB 2½ Litre models have light blue bonnet and bootlid badges, differentiating them from the RMA 1½ Litre models which have dark blue badges.<ref name="rrp-faq"/>
A car tested by ''[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]]'' magazine in 1949 had a top speed of {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and could accelerate from 0–{{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 16.8 seconds. A fuel consumption of {{convert|19.6|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}} was recorded. The test car cost £1224 including taxes.<ref name=Motor1949>{{cite journal |title = The Riley 2.5-litre Road Test| journal =[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]]| volume = | pages = | year = 1949}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
A car tested by ''[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]]'' magazine in 1949 had a top speed of {{cvt|90|mph}} and could accelerate from 0–{{cvt|60|mph|km/h}} in 16.8 seconds. A fuel consumption of {{cvt|19.6|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}} was recorded. The test car cost £1224 including taxes.<ref name="motor-1949"/><ref name="casc-atoz"/>
File:Riley Saloon 1949.jpg|Riley RMB 2½-Litre 4-Door Saloon 1949
File:Riley Saloon 1950 2.jpg|Riley RMB 2½-Litre 4-Door Saloon 1950
</gallery>
{{commons category|Riley 2½ RMB saloon}}
{{commons category|Riley 2½ RMB saloon}}
{{clear}}
{{clear}}
Line 80: Line 85:
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Riley RMC
| name = Riley RMC
| image = Riley Roadster 2500ccm100PS 1949 1.JPG
| image = Riley Roadster 2500ccm100PS 1949 1.JPG
| caption = manufactured 1949
| caption = 1949 RMC
| production = 1948–51<br />507 produced
| production = 1948–51<br />507 produced
| related =
| related =
Line 87: Line 92:
| engine = 2.5 L [[Straight-4]]
| engine = 2.5 L [[Straight-4]]
}}
}}
The RMC (Roadster) was an open 2-door, single bench seat, [[Roadster (automobile)|2/3-seater]] version of the RMB, with a large rear deck area and fold-flat windscreen.
The RMC (Roadster) was an open 2-door, single bench seat, [[Roadster (automobile)|2/3-seater]] version of the RMB, with a large rear deck area and fold-flat windscreen. Announced in March 1948, it was delivered to Geneva just too late to be exhibited at the Geneva Motor Show. Primarily designed for the North American export market, it was normally built with left-hand drive, with the gear change lever on the steering column. The bonnet and radiator were lowered and the bonnet catches were arranged to be operated internally. Extra over-riders were fitted to the bumpers and the fuel tank was enlarged to {{cvt|20|impgal}}.<ref name="times-mar1948"/>


Eighteen months later, in September 1949, Riley announced future production would include a small quota of cars with right-hand drive. Riley attributed that to a slight increase in the supply of steel.<ref name="times-sep1949"/>
Instead of side windows it was supplied with flexible [[celluloid]]-glazed side curtains with a hole for hand signals and, when deployed, flimsy synthetic roofing over a light metal frame. It shared that car's 2.5&nbsp;L {{convert|100|hp|abbr=on}} engine, and could reach {{convert|100|mph|-1|abbr=on}}.


Instead of side windows it was supplied with flexible [[celluloid]]-glazed side curtains with a hole for hand signals and, when deployed, flimsy synthetic roofing over a light metal frame. It shared that car's 2.5&nbsp;L {{cvt|100|hp}} engine, and could reach {{cvt|100|mph|-1}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
The car was primarily designed for the North American export market, and just over 500 were built from 1948 until 1951. The gear change lever was moved to the steering column on left-hand-drive models.
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:1948 Riley RMC (4650216016).jpg|1948 in Canada
File:1949 Riley Roadster - tan - rvr (4666431864).jpg|1949 in USA
</gallery>
Both the [[commons:File:1934 Ford V8 (3101907536).jpg|back]] and [[commons:File:1934 Ford V8 (3101906848).jpg|front]] of the car bore a remarkable likeness to a 1934 Ford V8.


Just over 500 were built from 1948 until 1951.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
[[File:1948 Riley RMC (4650216016).jpg|thumb|1948 RMC in Canada]]
Both the [[commons:File:1934 Ford V8 (3101907536).jpg|back]] and [[commons:File:1934 Ford V8 (3101906848).jpg|front]] of the car bear a remarkable likeness to a 1934 Ford V8.
{{commons category|Riley 2½ RMC 3-seater roadster}}
{{clear}}
==Riley RMD==
==Riley RMD==
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Riley RMD
| name = Riley RMD
| image = File:1950 Riley 2.5L RMD AL-58-52 p5.jpg
| image = File:1950 Riley 2.5L RMD AL-58-52 p5.jpg
| caption = manufactured 1950
| caption = 1950 RMD
| production = 1949–51<br />502 produced
| production = 1949–51<br />502 produced
| related =
| related =
Line 108: Line 113:
| engine = 2.5 L [[Straight-4]]
| engine = 2.5 L [[Straight-4]]
}}
}}
The RMD (drophead) was a traditional 2-door [[convertible|cabriolet]], the last [[convertible (car)|cabriolet]] to wear the [[Riley (automobile)|Riley]] name. It used the same 2.5&nbsp;L 100&nbsp;hp (75&nbsp;kW) engine as the RMB, on which it was based. Just over 500 were produced between 1949 and 1951.
The RMD (drophead) is a traditional 2-door [[convertible|cabriolet]], and was the last Riley cabriolet. It uses the same 2.5&nbsp;L {{cvt|100|hp|kW}} engine as the RMB, on which it was based. Just over 500 were produced between 1949 and 1951.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}

This model was first displayed in October 1948 at London's Earls Court Motor Show.<ref name="times-oct1948"/>

{|
{|
|[[File:1950 Riley RMD drop head coupé.jpg|thumb|left|dropped cabriolet head]]
|[[File:1950 Riley RMD drop head coupé.jpg|thumb|left|1950 Riley RMD]]
A motor car that is a cabriolet has fixed sides to its roof known as cant rails and a folding top that remains part of the vehicle. In a cabriolet like this Riley RMD the tops of the fixed sides, the cant rails, the beams over the side-windows, may be folded along with the top. While the hood is being opened or closed the heavy cant rail beams are supported by exterior hood irons. The hood irons, an elongated S-shape when the roof is up, may be seen at each of the roof’s rear quarters.
A cabriolet has fixed sides to its roof, called cant rails, and a folding top that remains attached to the vehicle. In a cabriolet like this Riley RMD the tops of the fixed sides, the cant rails, the beams over the side-windows, may be folded along with the top. While the hood is being opened or closed the heavy cant rail beams are supported by exterior hood irons. The hood irons, an elongated S-shape when the roof is up, may be seen at each of the roof's rear quarters.


A more English name for a folding cover or canopy of a (horse drawn) vehicle enabling the occupants to be seen clearly is a "head" or for motor vehicles in the mid-20th century drop head.<ref>''OED Online''. Oxford University Press, December 2015. Web. 13 January 2016.
A more English name for a folding cover or canopy of a (horse drawn) vehicle enabling the occupants to be seen clearly is a "head" or for motor vehicles in the mid-20th century drop head.<ref name="oed-head"/>
* HEAD
A (folding) cover or canopy for a carriage or (in later use) motor vehicle, usually one which forms a permanent part of the vehicle rather than being detachable. Cf. drop-head
* CABRIOLET
A motor car with fixed sides and a folding top.</ref>
|}
|}
{{commons category|Riley 2½ RMD 5-seater drophead coupé}}
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Riley Drophead Coupe.jpg|Riley RMD 2½-Litre Drophead Coupé 1950
File:Riley Drophead Coupe 2.jpg|Riley RMD 2½-Litre Drophead Coupé 1950
File:Riley Drophead Coupe 1952.jpg|Riley RMD 2½-Litre Drophead Coupé 1952
</gallery>
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


Line 130: Line 130:
| name = Riley RME
| name = Riley RME
| image = 1953 Riley RME RF.jpg
| image = 1953 Riley RME RF.jpg
| caption = first registered July 1953
| caption = 1953 RME
| production = 1952–55<br />3446 produced
| production = 1952–55<br />3446 produced
| predecessor = Riley RMA
| predecessor = Riley RMA
Line 137: Line 137:
| engine = 1.5 L [[Straight-4]]
| engine = 1.5 L [[Straight-4]]
}}
}}
The RME was an updated [[#RMA|RMA]]. It still used the 1.5&nbsp;L four and featured a fully hydraulic braking system. The body had an enlarged rear window with curved glass.To improve acceleration the rear axle ratio was changed from 4.89:1 to 5.125:1.<ref name=Motor1952/>
Launched in 1952, the RME was an improved RMA.<ref name="atozbook"/> It uses the same 1.5&nbsp;L four-cylinder engine, and has a fully hydraulic braking system. The body has a larger rear window, with curved glass. To improve acceleration, the rear axle ratio was changed from 4.89:1 to 5.125:1.<ref name="motor-dec1952"/>


When the 2.5&nbsp;L (2443&nbsp;cc) car ended production in October 1953 a switch to no running boards was amongst many updates to the RME including wholly new shaped front mudguards.
When the 2.5&nbsp;L (2443&nbsp;cc) RMF ended production in October 1953, many details of the RME were revised. These included dispensing with running boards, and introducing entirely re-shaped front mudguards.


Produced from 1952, it was discontinued in 1955 and ultimately its place in the range went in 1957 to the much shorter and unrelated, intended but unused, replacement for the Morris Minor — [[Riley One-Point-Five]] also sold as [[Wolseley 1500]] and [[Morris Major]].
The RME was discontinued in 1955. It was succeeded in 1957 by the [[Riley One-Point-Five]], which had been designed as a replacement for the Morris Minor, but never launched as such. This is a BMC design, unrelated to the RM series. It is much shorter than the RME, and was also [[Rebadging|badge-engineered]] as the [[Wolseley 1500]], and in Australia as the [[Morris Major]] and Austin Lancer.


An RME tested by ''The Motor'' magazine in 1952 had a top speed of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and could accelerate from 0–{{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 29.5 seconds. A fuel consumption of {{convert|24.2|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}} was recorded. The test car cost £1,339 including taxes.<ref name=Motor1952>{{cite journal |title = The Riley 1.5 Litre Road Test| journal =[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]]| volume = | pages = | date = 10 December 1952}}</ref>
An RME tested by ''The Motor'' magazine in 1952 had a top speed of {{cvt|75|mph|km/h}} and could accelerate from 0 to {{cvt|60|mph|km/h}} in 29.5 seconds. A fuel consumption of {{cvt|24.2|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}} was recorded. The test car cost £1,339 including taxes.<ref name="motor-dec1952"/>
[[File:1954 Riley RME 1.5 Litre saloon at Capel Manor, Enfield, London, England.jpg|thumb|left|reshaped mudguards all round and no running boards, a 1954 car]]
[[File:1954 Riley RME 1.5 Litre saloon at Capel Manor, Enfield, London, England.jpg|thumb|left|1954 RME with reshaped mudguards all round, and no running boards]]
{{commons category|Riley 1½ RME saloon}}
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Riley Saloon.jpg|Riley RME 1½-Litre 4-Door Saloon
</gallery>
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


Line 154: Line 152:
| name = Riley RMF
| name = Riley RMF
| image = HCVS Haverhill rally BFL637 140713 CPS (11611119984).jpg
| image = HCVS Haverhill rally BFL637 140713 CPS (11611119984).jpg
| caption = first registered March 1953
| caption = 1953 RMF
| production = 1952–53<br />1050 produced
| production = 1952–53<br />1050 produced
| predecessor = Riley RMB
| predecessor = Riley RMB
Line 161: Line 159:
| engine = 2.5 L [[Straight-4]]
| engine = 2.5 L [[Straight-4]]
}}
}}
The RMF replaced the RMB in 1952. It shared that car's 2.5&nbsp;L "Big Four" engine as well as the mechanical updates from the RME. The RMH [[Riley Pathfinder]], the last automobile to use the Riley "Big Four" engine, and thus considered to be the last "real" Riley by purists, took its place after 1953 and continued in production until 1957.
The RMF replaced the RMB in 1952. It has the same 2.5&nbsp;L Big Four engine, plus mechanical updates shared with the RME. RMF 2½ Litre models have light blue bonnet and boot-lid badges, whereas the RME 1½ Litre models have dark blue badges.<ref name="rrp-faq"/> In 1953 the RMH Riley Pathfinder replaced the RMF. This is the last car built with the Riley Big Four engine, and is thus considered to be the last "real" Riley by purists. It continued in production until 1957.
{{commons category|Riley 2½ RMF saloon}}
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


==Riley 2½-litre Big Four==
==Riley 2½-litre Big Four engine==
The Big Four engine is a four cylinder 2.5 litre engine rated at 16.07 h.p. under the [[Tax horsepower#Britain|British RAC formula]]. It was designed in a matter of months, under difficult financial conditions, and announced in the summer of 1937. It followed existing Riley practice, similar to their 1.5 litre engine, but with each cylinder completely surrounded by a water jacket. The fully counter-weighted and balanced crankshaft ran in three main bearings. Pre-war power output was at first {{cvt|80|bhp|kW}}, then raised to {{cvt|85|bhp|kW}}.<ref name="birminghambook"/> In its final Riley Pathfinder form, it developed {{cvt|110|bhp|kW}}, and was produced until the end of Riley Pathfinder production in February 1957.<ref name="bridgesbook"/>
{{Expand section|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox automobile engine
{{Infobox automobile engine
| name = Riley 2½-litre Big Four
| name = Riley 2½-litre Big Four engine
| image =
| image =
| manufacturer = [[Riley Motor|Riley Motors Limited]]
| manufacturer = [[Riley Motor]]s
| aka = Riley 16 h.p.<ref name=CoT/>
| aka = Riley 16 h.p.,<ref name="times=mar1937"/> Riley 16/4<ref name="birminghambook"/>
| production = 1937 to 1957<ref name=cz>{{cite news|url=http://rileyrob.co.uk/specs/healera/healey4.htm|title=Healey Silverstone (1949–51)|accessdate=31 January 2014|first=|last=Rileyrob}}</ref>
| production = 1937 to 1957<ref name="rrp-silverstone"/>
| predecessor = none before 1937
| predecessor = none before 1937
| successor = Riley RMH then BMC C-Series engine
| successor = Riley RMH then BMC C-Series engine
| configuration = straight four
| configuration = straight four
| displacement = {{convert|2.443|L|cuin|abbr=on}}<ref name=cz/>
| displacement = {{cvt|2.443|L|cuin}}<ref name="rrp-silverstone"/>
| bore = {{convert|80.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}<ref name=cz/>
| bore = {{cvt|80.5|mm|in}}<ref name="rrp-silverstone"/>
| stroke = {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}}<ref name=cz/>
| stroke = {{cvt|120|mm|in}}<ref name="rrp-silverstone"/>
| block = cast iron, aluminium sump, alloy pistons
| block = cast iron, aluminium sump, alloy pistons
| head = cast iron, hemispherical combustion chambers, spark plugs in centre between valve covers<ref name=CoT/>
| head = cast iron, hemispherical combustion chambers, spark plugs in centre between valve covers<ref name="times=mar1937"/>
| valvetrain = 90-degree angled overhead valves<ref name=cz/> operated by twin high-lift camshafts moving rockers with short light stiff push-rods powered from the crankshaft by duplex roller chains<ref name=CoT>Cars of To-Day. '’’The Times'’, Tuesday, 16 March 1937; pg. 22; Issue 47634.</ref>
| valvetrain = 90-degree angled overhead valves<ref name="rrp-silverstone"/> operated by twin high-lift camshafts moving rockers with short light stiff push-rods powered from the crankshaft by duplex roller chains<ref name="times=mar1937"/>
| compression = 6.9 : 1<ref name=cz/>
| compression = 6.9 : 1<ref name="rrp-silverstone"/>
| supercharger =
| supercharger =
| turbocharger =
| turbocharger =
| fuelsystem = Twin H4 SU carburettors<ref name=cz/> mechanical petrol pump<ref name=CoT/>
| fuelsystem = Twin H4 SU carburettors<ref name="rrp-silverstone"/> mechanical petrol pump<ref name="times=mar1937"/>
| management =
| management =
| fueltype = petrol
| fueltype = petrol
| oilsystem = pressure fed from sump by submerged gear-type pump driven by skew gear from camshaft
| oilsystem = pressure fed from sump by submerged gear-type pump driven by skew gear from camshaft
| coolingsystem = water, thermostatically controlled flow, belt-driven water pump and radiator fan<ref name=CoT/>
| coolingsystem = water, thermostatically controlled flow, belt-driven water pump and radiator fan<ref name="times=mar1937"/>
| power = 106 bhp @ 4,500 rpm<br>Tax rating 16hp<ref name=cz/>
| power = 106 bhp @ 4,500 rpm<br />Tax rating 16hp<ref name="rrp-silverstone"/>
| specpower =
| specpower =
| torque =
| torque =
Line 198: Line 197:
| weight =
| weight =
}}
}}
{{-}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last=Ramsey |first=John |year=1984 |title=The Swapmeet and Toyfair Catalogue of British Diecast Model Toys |publisher=Swapmeet Toys and Models Ltd |page=29 |isbn=978-0950931906}}
*A-Z of Cars 1945–1970. Michael Sedgwick and Mark Gillies. Bayview Books. 1989. {{ISBN|1-870979-39-7}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sedgwick |first1=Michael |last2=Gillies |first2=Mark |year=1989 |title=A-Z of Cars 1945–1970 |publisher=Motorbooks International |isbn=1-870979-39-7}}
*Book by James Taylor - ''RILEY RM-SERIES'' - {{ISBN|9780947981365}}
*{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=James |year=1989 |title=Riley RM-Series |publisher=Motor Racing Publications |isbn=978-0947981365}}
*Book by John Price Williams - ''The Legendary RMs'' - {{ISBN|9781861267610}}
*{{cite book |last=Williams |first=John Price |year=2005 |title=Riley: The Legendary RMs |publisher=Crowood Press |isbn=978-1861267610}}
*Ramsey, John. ''The Swapmeet and Toyfair Catalogue of British Diecast Model Toys''. Swapmeet Toys and Models Ltd. p. 29. {{ISBN|095093190X}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="cbe-riley">{{cite web |url=http://www.car-brochures.eu/rileyadverts.htm |title=British car brochures www.car-brochures.eu — Riley adverts |date= |publisher= |access-date=2023-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730203148/http://www.car-brochures.eu/rileyadverts.htm |archive-date=2023-07-30 }}</ref>

<ref name="tmg-nov1945">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=28 November 1945 |title=The New Riley |url= |work=[[The Manchester Guardian]] (1901-1959) |page=6 |location=Manchester |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="tmg-jun1945">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date= |title=200,000 Cars in 12 months: Motor Trade's Plans Fifty percent for export |url= |work=[[The Manchester Guardian]] (1901-1959) |page=5 |location=Manchester |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="times-nov1936">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=24 November 1936 |title=Cars of To-Day |url= |work=[[The Times]] |page=12 |issue=47540 |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="times-aug1945">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=24 August 1945 |title=City Notes |url= |work=[[The Times]] |page=7 |issue=50229 |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="motor-1949">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Riley 2.5-litre Road Test |url= |magazine=[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]] |location= |publisher= |date=1949 |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="casc-atoz">{{cite web |url=https://www.classicandsportscar.com/guides/classic-cars-a-to-z/riley-2%C2%BD-litre-rmc |title=Riley 2½-Litre RMC |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=www.classicandsportscar.com |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="rrp-faq">{{cite web |url=http://rileyrob.co.uk/faq.htm |title=Frequently Asked Questions |last=Malpas |first=Rob |date= |website=rileyrob.co.uk |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

<ref name="times-mar1948">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=31 March 1948 |title=News in Brief |url= |work=[[The Times]] |page=2 |issue=51033 |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="times-sep1949">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=9 September 1949 |title=Nuffield Cars For Motor Show |url= |work=[[The Times]] |page=2 |issue=51482 |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="times-oct1948">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=26 October 1948 |title=New Nuffield Cars |url= |work=[[The Times]] |page=2 |issue=51212 |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="oed-head">''OED Online''. Oxford University Press, December 2015. Web. 13 January 2016.
* HEAD
A (folding) cover or canopy for a carriage or (in later use) motor vehicle, usually one which forms a permanent part of the vehicle rather than being detachable. Cf. drop-head
* CABRIOLET
A motor car with fixed sides and a folding top.</ref>

<ref name="atozbook">{{cite book |last1=Sedgwick |first1=Michael |author-link1= |last2=Gillies |first2=Mark |author-link2= |date=1994 |title=A-Z of Cars 1945-1970 |url= |location= |publisher=Bay View Books |page=163 |isbn=9781870979092 }}</ref>

<ref name="motor-dec1952">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Riley 1.5 Litre Road Test |url= |magazine=[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]] |location= |publisher= |date=10 December 1952 |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="birminghambook">{{cite book |last=Birmingham |first=Dr. Anthony Terence |author-link= |date=1 January 1965 |title=Riley: The Production and Competition History of the Pre-1939 Riley Motor Cars |url= |location= |publisher=G. T. Foulis and Co. Ltd. |page= |isbn=}}</ref>

<ref name="bridgesbook">{{cite book |last1=Bridges |first1=Jeffrey |author-link1= |last2=Peal |first2=Bernie |author-link2= |date=2017 |title=Wolseley Six-Ninety: A Super Profile |url= |location=Birmingham, UK |publisher=Wolseley Register |page= |isbn=9780956967633 }}</ref>

<ref name="times=mar1937">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=16 March 1937 |title=Cars of To-Day |url= |work=[[The Times]] |page=22 |issue=47634 |location= |access-date=}}</ref>

<ref name="rrp-silverstone">{{cite web |url=http://rileyrob.co.uk/specs/healera/healey4.htm |title=Healey Silverstone. (1949–51) |last=Malpas |first=Rob |date= |website=rileyrob.co.uk |publisher= |access-date= }}</ref>

}}


{{Automobiles made by BMC, BL and Rover Group companies, post-1945}}
{{Automobiles made by BMC, BL and Rover Group companies, post-1945}}


[[Category:Riley vehicles|RM]]
[[Category:Riley vehicles|RM]]
[[Category:1950s automobiles]]
[[Category:1950s cars]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury vehicles]]

Latest revision as of 07:37, 9 July 2024

Riley RM Series
1951 Riley RMA
Overview
ManufacturerRiley Motors
Production1945–55
Body and chassis
ClassExecutive car (E); compact executive car (D)
Body style
LayoutFR layout
Dimensions
Wheelbase1.5 L cars – 112 in (2,845 mm)
2.5 L cars – 119 in (3,023 mm)
Length1.5 L cars – 179 in (4,547 mm)
2.5 L cars – 186 in (4,724 mm)
Width63 in (1,600 mm)
Height59 in (1,499 mm)
Chronology
Predecessor
SuccessorRiley Pathfinder

The Riley RM is a series of executive cars and compact executive cars that were made by Riley Motors from 1945 until 1955. They were the last models developed independently by Riley before its parent company, Nuffield, merged with Austin to form BMC. The RM series was produced in Coventry until 1949, when production moved to the MG works at Abingdon. Until 1952, models were marketed as the Riley 1½ Litre and the Riley 2½ Litre.[1] the term RM has been used retrospectively to encompass models produced before 1952.

There were four types of RM vehicles produced. All used Riley engines with four cylinders in-line, hemispherical combustion chambers and twin camshafts mounted high at the sides of the cylinder block.

The RMA was a large saloon, and was replaced by the RME. Both used a 1.5 L (1,496 cc) 12 hp (RAC Rating), developed before WWII.

The RMB was a longer car, and it was replaced by the RMF. Both cars used a larger engine, new in 1937, a 2.5 L 16 hp (RAC Rating) "Big Four".

The RMC and RMD were limited-production cars, an open 2 or 3-seater Roadster and a 4-seater drophead.

The Riley Pathfinder was the RMH, and was the last saloon to be built with the Riley Big Four engine.

Kestrel

[edit]
1938 Riley Kestrel

The RM was inspired by Riley Motors' successful and stylish pre-war 1.5 and 2.5 Litre Kestrel saloons, but with a new chassis, which with its Riley "torsionic" independent front-wheel suspension incorporated the experience of the wartime years.[2]

The RM series was a new design, because air raids on Coventry destroyed the patterns of dies for the pre-war models.[3]

Riley RMA

[edit]
Riley RMA
1952 RMA
Overview
Production1945–52
10,504 produced.
Body and chassis
Body style4-door saloon
Powertrain
Engine1.5 L Straight-4 as for 2.5-litre Big Four but bore 69mm by stroke 100mm and bhp 60 @5,300 rpm[4]
Chronology
PredecessorRiley 12/4 and Riley 12
SuccessorRiley RME

The RMA was the first post-war Riley. It was announced in August 1945 with the news it would become available in the autumn.[5] It used the 1.5 L engine and was equipped with hydro-mechanical brakes and an independent suspension using torsion bars in front. The body frame (not to be confused with the chassis) was made of wood in the English tradition, and the car featured traditional styling. The car was capable of reaching 75 mph (121 km/h). The RMA was produced from 1945 until 1952 when it was replaced by the RME.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Riley 1½ RMA saloon.

Riley RMB

[edit]
Riley RMB
Overview
Production1946–52
6,900 produced
Body and chassis
Body style4-door saloon
Powertrain
Engine2.5 L Straight-4
Dimensions
Wheelbase119 in (3,023 mm)[6]
Length186 in (4,724 mm)[6]
Width63.5 in (1,613 mm)[6]
Height59 in (1,499 mm)[6]
Chronology
SuccessorRiley RMF

The 2.5 L (2443 cc) RMB was a lengthened RMA launched a year later in 1946.

It used the 2.5 L (2443 cc) "Big Four" engine with twin SU carburettors, starting with 90 hp (67 kW) but increasing to 100 hp (75 kW) for 1948 with a 95 mph (153 km/h) top speed.

The wheelbase was 6.5 in (165 mm) longer and the overall length was a full 7 in (178 mm) longer. The RMB was replaced by the RMF for 1952.

The RMB 2½ Litre models have light blue bonnet and bootlid badges, differentiating them from the RMA 1½ Litre models which have dark blue badges.[7]

A car tested by The Motor magazine in 1949 had a top speed of 90 mph (140 km/h) and could accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 16.8 seconds. A fuel consumption of 19.6 mpg‑imp (14.4 L/100 km; 16.3 mpg‑US) was recorded. The test car cost £1224 including taxes.[6][8]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Riley 2½ RMB saloon.

Riley RMC

[edit]
Riley RMC
1949 RMC
Overview
Production1948–51
507 produced
Body and chassis
Body style2-door open 2/3-seater
Powertrain
Engine2.5 L Straight-4

The RMC (Roadster) was an open 2-door, single bench seat, 2/3-seater version of the RMB, with a large rear deck area and fold-flat windscreen. Announced in March 1948, it was delivered to Geneva just too late to be exhibited at the Geneva Motor Show. Primarily designed for the North American export market, it was normally built with left-hand drive, with the gear change lever on the steering column. The bonnet and radiator were lowered and the bonnet catches were arranged to be operated internally. Extra over-riders were fitted to the bumpers and the fuel tank was enlarged to 20 imp gal (91 L; 24 US gal).[9]

Eighteen months later, in September 1949, Riley announced future production would include a small quota of cars with right-hand drive. Riley attributed that to a slight increase in the supply of steel.[10]

Instead of side windows it was supplied with flexible celluloid-glazed side curtains with a hole for hand signals and, when deployed, flimsy synthetic roofing over a light metal frame. It shared that car's 2.5 L 100 hp (75 kW) engine, and could reach 100 mph (160 km/h).[citation needed]

Just over 500 were built from 1948 until 1951.[citation needed]

1948 RMC in Canada

Both the back and front of the car bear a remarkable likeness to a 1934 Ford V8.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Riley 2½ RMC 3-seater roadster.

Riley RMD

[edit]
Riley RMD
1950 RMD
Overview
Production1949–51
502 produced
Body and chassis
Body style2-door cabriolet
Powertrain
Engine2.5 L Straight-4

The RMD (drophead) is a traditional 2-door cabriolet, and was the last Riley cabriolet. It uses the same 2.5 L 100 hp (75 kW) engine as the RMB, on which it was based. Just over 500 were produced between 1949 and 1951.[citation needed]

This model was first displayed in October 1948 at London's Earls Court Motor Show.[11]

1950 Riley RMD

A cabriolet has fixed sides to its roof, called cant rails, and a folding top that remains attached to the vehicle. In a cabriolet like this Riley RMD the tops of the fixed sides, the cant rails, the beams over the side-windows, may be folded along with the top. While the hood is being opened or closed the heavy cant rail beams are supported by exterior hood irons. The hood irons, an elongated S-shape when the roof is up, may be seen at each of the roof's rear quarters.

A more English name for a folding cover or canopy of a (horse drawn) vehicle enabling the occupants to be seen clearly is a "head" or for motor vehicles in the mid-20th century drop head.[12]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Riley 2½ RMD 5-seater drophead coupé.

Riley RME

[edit]
Riley RME
1953 RME
Overview
Production1952–55
3446 produced
Body and chassis
Body style4-door saloon
Powertrain
Engine1.5 L Straight-4
Chronology
PredecessorRiley RMA
SuccessorRiley One-Point-Five (1957)

Launched in 1952, the RME was an improved RMA.[13] It uses the same 1.5 L four-cylinder engine, and has a fully hydraulic braking system. The body has a larger rear window, with curved glass. To improve acceleration, the rear axle ratio was changed from 4.89:1 to 5.125:1.[14]

When the 2.5 L (2443 cc) RMF ended production in October 1953, many details of the RME were revised. These included dispensing with running boards, and introducing entirely re-shaped front mudguards.

The RME was discontinued in 1955. It was succeeded in 1957 by the Riley One-Point-Five, which had been designed as a replacement for the Morris Minor, but never launched as such. This is a BMC design, unrelated to the RM series. It is much shorter than the RME, and was also badge-engineered as the Wolseley 1500, and in Australia as the Morris Major and Austin Lancer.

An RME tested by The Motor magazine in 1952 had a top speed of 75 mph (121 km/h) and could accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 29.5 seconds. A fuel consumption of 24.2 mpg‑imp (11.7 L/100 km; 20.2 mpg‑US) was recorded. The test car cost £1,339 including taxes.[14]

1954 RME with reshaped mudguards all round, and no running boards
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Riley 1½ RME saloon.

Riley RMF

[edit]
Riley RMF
1953 RMF
Overview
Production1952–53
1050 produced
Body and chassis
Body style4-door saloon
Powertrain
Engine2.5 L Straight-4
Chronology
PredecessorRiley RMB
SuccessorRiley Pathfinder

The RMF replaced the RMB in 1952. It has the same 2.5 L Big Four engine, plus mechanical updates shared with the RME. RMF 2½ Litre models have light blue bonnet and boot-lid badges, whereas the RME 1½ Litre models have dark blue badges.[7] In 1953 the RMH Riley Pathfinder replaced the RMF. This is the last car built with the Riley Big Four engine, and is thus considered to be the last "real" Riley by purists. It continued in production until 1957.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Riley 2½ RMF saloon.

Riley 2½-litre Big Four engine

[edit]

The Big Four engine is a four cylinder 2.5 litre engine rated at 16.07 h.p. under the British RAC formula. It was designed in a matter of months, under difficult financial conditions, and announced in the summer of 1937. It followed existing Riley practice, similar to their 1.5 litre engine, but with each cylinder completely surrounded by a water jacket. The fully counter-weighted and balanced crankshaft ran in three main bearings. Pre-war power output was at first 80 bhp (60 kW), then raised to 85 bhp (63 kW).[15] In its final Riley Pathfinder form, it developed 110 bhp (82 kW), and was produced until the end of Riley Pathfinder production in February 1957.[16]

Riley 2½-litre Big Four engine
Overview
ManufacturerRiley Motors
Also calledRiley 16 h.p.,[17] Riley 16/4[15]
Production1937 to 1957[18]
Layout
Configurationstraight four
Displacement2.443 L (149.1 cu in)[18]
Cylinder bore80.5 mm (3.17 in)[18]
Piston stroke120 mm (4.7 in)[18]
Cylinder block materialcast iron, aluminium sump, alloy pistons
Cylinder head materialcast iron, hemispherical combustion chambers, spark plugs in centre between valve covers[17]
Valvetrain90-degree angled overhead valves[18] operated by twin high-lift camshafts moving rockers with short light stiff push-rods powered from the crankshaft by duplex roller chains[17]
Compression ratio6.9 : 1[18]
Combustion
Fuel systemTwin H4 SU carburettors[18] mechanical petrol pump[17]
Fuel typepetrol
Oil systempressure fed from sump by submerged gear-type pump driven by skew gear from camshaft
Cooling systemwater, thermostatically controlled flow, belt-driven water pump and radiator fan[17]
Output
Power output106 bhp @ 4,500 rpm
Tax rating 16hp[18]
Chronology
Predecessornone before 1937
SuccessorRiley RMH then BMC C-Series engine

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Ramsey, John (1984). The Swapmeet and Toyfair Catalogue of British Diecast Model Toys. Swapmeet Toys and Models Ltd. p. 29. ISBN 978-0950931906.
  • Sedgwick, Michael; Gillies, Mark (1989). A-Z of Cars 1945–1970. Motorbooks International. ISBN 1-870979-39-7.
  • Taylor, James (1989). Riley RM-Series. Motor Racing Publications. ISBN 978-0947981365.
  • Williams, John Price (2005). Riley: The Legendary RMs. Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1861267610.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "British car brochures www.car-brochures.eu — Riley adverts". Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  2. ^ "The New Riley". The Manchester Guardian (1901-1959). Manchester. 28 November 1945. p. 6.
  3. ^ "200,000 Cars in 12 months: Motor Trade's Plans Fifty percent for export". The Manchester Guardian (1901-1959). Manchester. p. 5.
  4. ^ "Cars of To-Day". The Times. No. 47540. 24 November 1936. p. 12.
  5. ^ "City Notes". The Times. No. 50229. 24 August 1945. p. 7.
  6. ^ a b c d e "The Riley 2.5-litre Road Test". The Motor. 1949.
  7. ^ a b Malpas, Rob. "Frequently Asked Questions". rileyrob.co.uk.
  8. ^ "Riley 2½-Litre RMC". www.classicandsportscar.com.
  9. ^ "News in Brief". The Times. No. 51033. 31 March 1948. p. 2.
  10. ^ "Nuffield Cars For Motor Show". The Times. No. 51482. 9 September 1949. p. 2.
  11. ^ "New Nuffield Cars". The Times. No. 51212. 26 October 1948. p. 2.
  12. ^ OED Online. Oxford University Press, December 2015. Web. 13 January 2016.
    • HEAD
    A (folding) cover or canopy for a carriage or (in later use) motor vehicle, usually one which forms a permanent part of the vehicle rather than being detachable. Cf. drop-head
    • CABRIOLET
    A motor car with fixed sides and a folding top.
  13. ^ Sedgwick, Michael; Gillies, Mark (1994). A-Z of Cars 1945-1970. Bay View Books. p. 163. ISBN 9781870979092.
  14. ^ a b "The Riley 1.5 Litre Road Test". The Motor. 10 December 1952.
  15. ^ a b Birmingham, Dr. Anthony Terence (1 January 1965). Riley: The Production and Competition History of the Pre-1939 Riley Motor Cars. G. T. Foulis and Co. Ltd.
  16. ^ Bridges, Jeffrey; Peal, Bernie (2017). Wolseley Six-Ninety: A Super Profile. Birmingham, UK: Wolseley Register. ISBN 9780956967633.
  17. ^ a b c d e "Cars of To-Day". The Times. No. 47634. 16 March 1937. p. 22.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h Malpas, Rob. "Healey Silverstone. (1949–51)". rileyrob.co.uk.
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