Bella Bella, British Columbia: Difference between revisions
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{{distinguish|Bella Coola, British Columbia}} |
{{distinguish|Bella Coola, British Columbia}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |
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<!-- Basic info ----------------> |
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Bella Bella |
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| other_name = Waglisla |
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| nickname = The Rock |
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| settlement_type = |
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|nickname = The Rock |
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| motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |
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|settlement_type = |
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| image_skyline = BellaBellaDowntown.JPG |
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|motto = |
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| imagesize = |
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<!-- images and maps -----------> |
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| image_caption = Bella Bella from the water |
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|image_skyline = BellaBellaDowntown.JPG |
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|image_map = |
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| pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |
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|mapsize = |
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| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |
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|map_caption = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Bella Bella in [[British Columbia]] |
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|pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |
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| pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------> |
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|pushpin_label_position =<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Bella Bella in [[British Columbia]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{CAN}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]] |
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<!-- Location ------------------> |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{BC}} |
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|coordinates_region = CA-BC |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Regional district]] |
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|subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Central Coast Regional District|Central Coast]] |
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|subdivision_name = {{CAN}} |
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<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes = |
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|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]] |
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| government_type = |
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|subdivision_name1 = {{BC}} |
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<!-- Politics -----------------> |
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| established_title = First settled |
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|leader_name = |
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| established_date = 7800–7000 BCE |
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|leader_title1 = |
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|leader_name1 = |
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|leader_title2 = |
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|leader_name2 = |
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| established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |
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| area_total_km2 = 5.83 |
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|established_title = |
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| population_as_of = [[2021 Canadian Census|2021]] |
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|established_date = |
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=2017-02-08|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Bella Bella 1, Aboriginal reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province]|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5945801&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=Bella%20Bella&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&type=0|access-date=2020-09-12|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> |
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|established_title2 = |
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| population_note = |
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|established_date2 = |
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| population_total = 1,193 |
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|established_title3 = |
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<!-- General information --------------->| timezone = |
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|established_date3 = |
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| utc_offset = –8:00 |
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<!-- Area ---------------------> |
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| timezone_DST = Pacific Daylight Time |
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|area_magnitude = |
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| utc_offset_DST = –7:00 |
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|unit_pref = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|52|09|43|N|128|08|42|W|region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}} |
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|area_footnotes = |
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| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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|area_total_km2 = |
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| elevation_m = 21 |
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|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |
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| elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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|area_water_km2 = |
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| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Canada|Postal code]] |
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|area_total_sq_mi = |
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| postal_code = V0T 1Z0 |
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| area_codes = [[Area code 250|250]], [[Area code 778|778]] [[Area codes 778, 236, and 672|236]] |
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|area_water_sq_mi = |
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| website = {{URL|https://heiltsuknation.ca}} |
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|area_metro_sq_mi = |
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| population_density_km2 = 204.5 |
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<!-- Population -----------------------> |
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|population_blank1 = |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
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|timezone = |
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|utc_offset_DST = |
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|coordinates_display = display=inline,title |
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|latd=52|latm=09|lats=43|latNS=N |
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|longd=128|longm=08|longs=42|longEW=W |
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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|elevation_m = |
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|elevation_ft = |
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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|postal_code_type = |
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|postal_code = |
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|area_code = [[Area code 250|250]], [[Area code 778|778]] |
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|blank_name = |
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|blank_info = |
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|blank1_name = |
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}} |
}} |
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[[Image:Bella Bella, British Columbia.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Bella Bella]] |
[[Image:Bella Bella, British Columbia.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Bella Bella]] |
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'''Bella Bella''', also known as '''Waglisla''', is the home of the [[Heiltsuk]] and is an unincorporated community and [[Indian |
'''Bella Bella''', also known as '''Waglisla''', is the home of the [[Heiltsuk]] and is an unincorporated community and [[Indian reserve]] community located within [[Bella Bella Indian Reserve No. 1]] on the east coast of [[Campbell Island (British Columbia)|Campbell Island]] in the [[British Columbia Coast|Central Coast]] region of [[British Columbia]], Canada. Bella Bella is located {{convert|98|nmi|km}} north of [[Port Hardy]], on [[Vancouver Island]], and {{convert|78|nmi|km}} west of [[Bella Coola, British Columbia|Bella Coola]]. The community is on [[Lama Passage]], part of the [[Inside Passage]] – a transportation route linking the area, and northern British Columbia as well as Alaska for marine vessels carrying cargo, passengers and recreational boaters from the south coast. The settlement "forms a national capital of sorts" to the Heiltsuk.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Chris|title=Coastal People's Past Powers Their Political Future|url=https://thetyee.ca/News/2012/11/01/Heiltsuk-Nation-Future-Based-on-Past|access-date=15 May 2015|publisher=The Tyee}}</ref> |
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''...to the Heiltsuk, Bella Bella forms a national capital of sorts to an unceded traditional territory of 16,658 square kilometres.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Chris|title=Coastal People's Past Powers Their Political Future|url=http://thetyee.ca/News/2012/11/01/Heiltsuk-Nation-Future-Based-on-Past|accessdate=15 May 2015|publisher=The Tyee}}</ref>'' |
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Founded between 1897 and 1903, Bella Bella is located on Campbell Island.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Martha|title=Bella Bella: A Season of Heiltsuk Art|date=1997|publisher=Royal Ontario Museum/Douglas & McIntyre/University of Washington Press|location=Toronto/Vancouver/Seattle|isbn=1-55054-556-6|pages=8–12}}</ref> |
Founded between 1897 and 1903, Bella Bella is located on Campbell Island.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Martha|title=Bella Bella: A Season of Heiltsuk Art|date=1997|publisher=Royal Ontario Museum/Douglas & McIntyre/University of Washington Press|location=Toronto/Vancouver/Seattle|isbn=1-55054-556-6|pages=8–12}}</ref> |
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Originally styled '''New Bella Bella''' to distinguish it from |
Originally styled '''New Bella Bella''' to distinguish it from "Bella Bella", the community's official post office name for some time was Waglisla, meaning "river on the beach" in the [[Heiltsuk language]]. [[Old Bella Bella]], the Heiltsuk village site that is located south of the current village was known as Bella Bella. As it grew, a post office was located in the store. When the Heiltsuk relocated their settlement to the north, the post office, and the name Bella Bella, moved – first to the store in the BC Packers Cannery, then to the village of Shearwater. The post office name was retained while moving location several times. This is a source of confusion and the reason 'Bella Bella' sometimes appears on Denny Island rather than Campbell Island on some Provincial maps. |
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The [[Hudson's Bay Company]]'s [[Fort McLoughlin]] was near the same location, which is on McLoughlin Bay.<ref>{{BCGNIS|41174|Bella Bella (community)}}</ref> |
The [[Hudson's Bay Company]]'s [[Fort McLoughlin]] was near the same location, which is on McLoughlin Bay.<ref>{{BCGNIS|41174|Bella Bella (community)}}</ref> |
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With a population of 1,400, Bella Bella is the largest community to be found on the Central Coast north of [[Queen Charlotte Strait]]. It is home to the [[Heiltsuk First Nation]]. Like many small communities on the coast, such as nearby [[Ocean Falls]], Bella Bella has had a precarious and isolated existence. The closing of [[List of canneries in British Columbia|coastal cannery towns]] and decreased need for coastal shipping reduced the importance of Bella Bella's port. |
With a population of 1,400, Bella Bella is the largest community to be found on the Central Coast north of [[Queen Charlotte Strait]]. It is home to the [[Heiltsuk First Nation]]. Like many small communities on the coast, such as nearby [[Ocean Falls]], Bella Bella has had a precarious and isolated existence. The closing of [[List of canneries in British Columbia|coastal cannery towns]] and decreased need for coastal shipping reduced the importance of Bella Bella's port. |
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However, the resumption of ferry services by [[BC Ferries]] and the introduction of an air link from Vancouver via Port Hardy by [[Pacific Coastal Airlines]] have revived Bella Bella. There are scheduled flights from [[Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport]] onward to [[Klemtu, British Columbia|Klemtu]] and Ocean Falls. |
However, the resumption of ferry services by [[BC Ferries]] and the introduction of an air link from [[Vancouver]] via Port Hardy by [[Pacific Coastal Airlines]] have revived Bella Bella. There are scheduled flights from [[Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport]] onward to [[Klemtu, British Columbia|Klemtu]] and [[Ocean Falls]]. |
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Services in Bella Bella include a large general store, the Bella Bella Community School, Alexa's restaurant, the Koeye Cafe, the Thistalalh Memorial Library, an RCMP police station (with a circuit court every 1.5 months), the Bella Bella Medical Clinic, staffed by 3 physicians and a |
Services in Bella Bella include a large general store, the Bella Bella Community School, Alexa's restaurant, the Koeye Cafe, the Thistalalh Memorial Library, an [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police|RCMP]] police station (with a circuit court every 1.5 months), the Bella Bella Medical Clinic, staffed by 3 physicians and a nurse practitioner, and ƛ̓uxválásu̓ilas (pronounced kwil-valas-iwaylas) Heiltsuk Hospital (formerly R.W. Large Memorial Hospital) and its pharmacy. The [[Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce|CIBC]] bank branch closed in 2007. |
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The village of Bella Bella was previously known as Waglisla to the Canadian Postal Service; the postal address changed to Bella Bella (V0T 1Z0) in October 2007. |
The village of Bella Bella was previously known as Waglisla to the [[Canada Post|Canadian Postal Service]]; the postal address changed to Bella Bella (V0T 1Z0) in October 2007. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Landing Fields - Canada - NARA - 68159118 (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|right|View of Bella Bella in 1942]] |
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Bella Bella is a [[Heiltsuk]] village situated on Campbell Island, British Columbia. Today Bella Bella is the main Heiltsuk community within Heiltsuk traditional territory. The village was initially located at McLoughlin Bay, south of the current location but moved between 1898 and the early 19th Century to the present site. Heiltsuk oral history tells of a dispute with the store owner at the original town. The store owner had acquired the land that had been the old HBC fort and would not allow the community to expand on 'his' land - prompting the entire community to abandon the site and move to a larger site - the present location of the village. |
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Bella Bella is a [[Heiltsuk]] village situated on Campbell Island, British Columbia. Today Bella Bella is the main Heiltsuk community within Heiltsuk traditional territory. The village was initially located at McLoughlin Bay, south of the current location but moved between 1898 and the early 20th Century to the present site. Heiltsuk's oral history tells of a dispute with the store owner in the original town. The store owner had acquired the land that had been the old HBC fort and would not allow the community to expand on 'his' land – prompting the entire community to abandon the site and move to a larger site – the present location of the village. |
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During the early period Bella Bella was composed of relatively new European-style houses and a boardwalk. ''By 1903 the new town was fairly well established. The mission was complete with hospital, mission house and school which doubled as church''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Large|first1=R. Geddes|title=Drums and Scalpel: From Native Healer to Physician on the North Pacific Coast|date=1968|publisher=Mitchell Press Limited|location=Vancouver|page=44}}</ref> |
During the early period, Bella Bella was composed of relatively new European-style houses and a boardwalk. ''By 1903 the new town was fairly well established. The mission was complete with a hospital, mission house, and school which doubled as a church''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Large|first1=R. Geddes|title=Drums, and Scalpel: From Native Healer to Physician on the North Pacific Coast|date=1968|publisher=Mitchell Press Limited|location=Vancouver|page=44}}</ref> |
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Methodist |
Methodist missionaries played a significant role during this period, functioning as colonial agents, magistrates, ministers, as well as medical doctors. A missionary hospital was established, as well as a church and school. The current hospital in Bella Bella evolved from this early missionary hospital. |
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"''The one-room school stood in a clearing beside the church, at the fringe of the dense bush that stubbornly tried to reclaim the half-mile stretch of territory occupied by the village.''<ref>{{cite book|last1=McKervill|first1=Hugh W.|title=Darby of Bella Bella|date=1964|publisher=The Ryerson Press|location=Toronto|page=42|edition=second}}</ref>" |
"''The one-room school stood in a clearing beside the church, at the fringe of the dense bush that stubbornly tried to reclaim the half-mile stretch of territory occupied by the village.''<ref>{{cite book|last1=McKervill|first1=Hugh W.|title=Darby of Bella Bella|url=https://archive.org/details/darbyofbellabell0000mcke|url-access=registration|date=1964|publisher=The Ryerson Press|location=Toronto|page=[https://archive.org/details/darbyofbellabell0000mcke/page/42 42]|edition=second}}</ref>" |
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'''Confusion over the name and location of 'Bella Bella'''' |
'''Confusion over the name and location of 'Bella Bella'''' |
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The origin of the name Bella Bella has several stories. It originally was associated with the Heiltsuk people and the community of Heiltsuk people that developed where the Hudson Bay Company built [[Fort McLoughlin]]. |
The origin of the name Bella Bella has several stories. It originally was associated with the Heiltsuk people and the community of Heiltsuk people that developed where the Hudson Bay Company built [[Fort McLoughlin]]. |
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[[Fort McLoughlin]] operated between 1832 and 1842. When the fort was closed, the village remained. At some point a white trader acquired 'legal' title to the land that the fort had occupied. This trader operated a store for some time on the site during the late 1800s. His store incorporated a postal service |
[[Fort McLoughlin]] operated between 1832 and 1842. When the fort was closed, the village remained. At some point, a white trader acquired a 'legal' title to the land that the fort had occupied. This trader operated a store for some time on the site during the late 1800s. His store incorporated a postal service – using the name Bella Bella. When the Heiltsuk relocated to the current site of Bella Bella – the store went out of business and the postal operation was moved across the channel to the BC Packers cannery site. Eventually, this also closed and the postal service was moved to the small non-Aboriginal community of Shearwater. When the Heiltsuk began operating a postal service in their community – the name Bella Bella was not available – so the alternate name – Waglisla was used. |
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After several years of effort |
After several years of effort – the Heiltsuk were able to have the name Bella Bella returned to the postal service in the community. The name was changed in 2007. As a result of this history – the name Bella Bella can be seen in four different locations on the Central Coast maps – depending on when they were created and how up-to-date they are. |
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''' |
'''1897–1903''' |
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The Heiltsuk move their community from McLoughlin Bay (Qelc or [[Old Bella Bella]]) to the site of the present-day village of [[Bella Bella, BC]]. |
The Heiltsuk move their community from McLoughlin Bay (Qelc or [[Old Bella Bella]]) to the site of the present-day village of [[Bella Bella, BC]]. |
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'''1903''' |
'''1903''' |
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By 1903 New Bella Bella, now just known Bella Bella (aka Waglisla) was fairly well established following the move from McLoughlin Bay.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Large|first1=R. Geddes|title=Drums and Scalpel: From Native Healers to Physicians on the North Pacific Coast|date=1968|publisher=Mitchell Press Limited|location=Vancouver|page=44}}</ref> |
By 1903 New Bella Bella, now just known as Bella Bella (aka Waglisla), was fairly well established following the move from McLoughlin Bay.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Large|first1=R. Geddes|title=Drums and Scalpel: From Native Healers to Physicians on the North Pacific Coast|date=1968|publisher=Mitchell Press Limited|location=Vancouver|page=44}}</ref> |
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'''1913, August''' |
'''1913, August''' |
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'''1993 'Qatuwas Canoe Festival''' |
'''1993 'Qatuwas Canoe Festival''' |
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In 1993 the Heiltsuk hosted an ocean-going canoe festival at Bella Bella. Called 'Qatuwas |
In 1993 the Heiltsuk hosted an ocean-going canoe festival at Bella Bella. Called 'Qatuwas – the event was an important milestone in the ongoing renaissance in Northwest Coast |
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Ocean-going canoes.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Neel|first1=David|title=The Great Canoes|date=1995|publisher=University of Washington Press}}</ref> Some 25 canoes from First Nations up and down the coast paddled to Bella Bella for a week-long cultural sharing event. |
Ocean-going canoes.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Neel|first1=David|title=The Great Canoes|url=https://archive.org/details/greatcanoesreviv0000neel|url-access=registration|date=1995|publisher=University of Washington Press}}</ref> Some 25 canoes from First Nations up and down the coast paddled to Bella Bella for a week-long cultural sharing event. |
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'''1997 [[R. v. Gladstone]]''' |
'''1997 [[R. v. Gladstone]]''' |
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The [[Supreme Court of Canada]] recognized the Heiltsuk have a pre-existing Aboriginal right to |
The [[Supreme Court of Canada]] recognized the Heiltsuk have a pre-existing Aboriginal right to herring that entails a commercial component. |
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'''2014 'Qatuwas Canoe Festival''' |
'''2014 'Qatuwas Canoe Festival''' |
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'''2015 Herring Crisis''' |
'''2015 Herring Crisis''' |
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The 2015 herring season saw a crisis erupt over a long-simmering dispute between the Heiltsuk and Canada (DFO). Citing concern for the stocks and Heiltsuk rights, as well as taking issue with DFO predictive models, the Heiltsuk occupied the local DFO office for 4 days.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hume|first1=Mark|title=Heiltsuk First Nation claims victory over disputed Herring Fishery|url= |
The 2015 herring season saw a crisis erupt over a long-simmering dispute between the Heiltsuk and Canada (DFO). Citing concern for the stocks and Heiltsuk rights, as well as taking issue with DFO predictive models, the Heiltsuk occupied the local DFO office for 4 days.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hume|first1=Mark|title=Heiltsuk First Nation claims victory over disputed Herring Fishery|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/heiltsuk-first-nation-claims-victory-over-disputed-herring-fishery/article23757390/|access-date=6 June 2015|publisher=Globe and Mail}}</ref> The crisis abated when the remainder of the commercial herring fleet departed and the Heiltsuk and Canada agreed to discuss the next season's management. |
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'''June 30, 2015''' Potlatch in Bella Bella to ratify the Heiltsuk-Haida Peace treaty, a formal agreement that builds on the peace treaty of 1852 that ended the war between the two Nations.<ref>Erwin, Ryan Heiltsuk and Haida Nations finalize Peace Treaty. Global News. 30 June 2015.http://globalnews.ca/news/2085293/heiltsuk-and-haida-nations-finalize-peace-treaty/ accessed March 29, 2015.</ref> |
'''June 30, 2015''' Potlatch in Bella Bella to ratify the Heiltsuk-Haida Peace treaty, a formal agreement that builds on the peace treaty of 1852 that ended the war between the two Nations.<ref>Erwin, Ryan Heiltsuk and Haida Nations finalize Peace Treaty. Global News. 30 June 2015.http://globalnews.ca/news/2085293/heiltsuk-and-haida-nations-finalize-peace-treaty/ accessed March 29, 2015.</ref> |
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The 13-million-year-old [[Bella Bella and Gale Passage dike swarms|mafic dike swarms]] in the Bella Bella area were formed by the [[Anahim hotspot]] when this part of [[North America]] was directly overhead. The dikes are believed to mark the first arrival of the [[hotspot (geology)|hotspot]], although it is now located in central British Columbia at [[Nazko Cone]]. |
The 13-million-year-old [[Bella Bella and Gale Passage dike swarms|mafic dike swarms]] in the Bella Bella area were formed by the [[Anahim hotspot]] when this part of [[North America]] was directly overhead. The dikes are believed to mark the first arrival of the [[hotspot (geology)|hotspot]], although it is now located in central British Columbia at [[Nazko Cone]]. |
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==Climate== |
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A 6.1M earthquake occurred in this vicinity early morning 24 April 2015. |
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{{Weather box|width=auto |
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|metric first=y |
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|single line=y |
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|location = Bella Bella (Dryad Point Lighthouse) (1981–2010) |
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|Jan record high C = 17.5 |
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|Feb record high C = 16.4 |
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|Mar record high C = 22.5 |
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|Apr record high C = 25.0 |
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|May record high C = 31.3 |
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|Jun record high C = 31.5 |
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|Jul record high C = 30.5 |
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|Aug record high C = 31.5 |
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|Sep record high C = 27.5 |
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|Oct record high C = 22.0 |
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|Nov record high C = 17.5 |
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|Dec record high C = 17.5 |
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|Jan record low C = -14.0 |
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|Feb record low C = -16.5 |
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|Mar record low C = -10.0 |
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|Apr record low C = -2.8 |
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|May record low C = 1.5 |
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|Jun record low C = 4.5 |
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|Jul record low C = 6.4 |
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|Aug record low C = 7.5 |
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|Sep record low C = 2.4 |
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|Oct record low C = -7.0 |
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|Nov record low C = -19.0 |
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|Dec record low C = -13.0 |
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|Jan high C = 6.5 |
|||
|Feb high C = 7.3 |
|||
|Mar high C = 9.0 |
|||
|Apr high C = 11.5 |
|||
|May high C = 14.5 |
|||
|Jun high C = 17.0 |
|||
|Jul high C = 19.0 |
|||
|Aug high C = 19.4 |
|||
|Sep high C = 16.7 |
|||
|Oct high C = 12.3 |
|||
|Nov high C = 8.3 |
|||
|Dec high C = 6.5 |
|||
| year high C = |
|||
|Jan mean C = 4.2 |
|||
|Feb mean C = 4.7 |
|||
|Mar mean C = 6.0 |
|||
|Apr mean C = 8.1 |
|||
|May mean C = 11.0 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 13.5 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 15.4 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 15.9 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 13.6 |
|||
|Oct mean C = 9.8 |
|||
|Nov mean C = 6.1 |
|||
|Dec mean C = 4.4 |
|||
| year mean C = |
|||
|Jan low C = 2.0 |
|||
|Feb low C = 2.1 |
|||
|Mar low C = 3.0 |
|||
|Apr low C = 4.6 |
|||
|May low C = 7.3 |
|||
|Jun low C = 9.9 |
|||
|Jul low C = 11.8 |
|||
|Aug low C = 12.3 |
|||
|Sep low C = 10.3 |
|||
|Oct low C = 7.3 |
|||
|Nov low C = 3.9 |
|||
|Dec low C = 2.2 |
|||
| year low C = |
|||
|precipitation colour = green |
|||
|Jan precipitation mm = 279.7 |
|||
|Feb precipitation mm = 210.5 |
|||
|Mar precipitation mm = 209.2 |
|||
|Apr precipitation mm = 203.3 |
|||
|May precipitation mm = 156.9 |
|||
|Jun precipitation mm = 143.3 |
|||
|Jul precipitation mm = 117.1 |
|||
|Aug precipitation mm = 145.4 |
|||
|Sep precipitation mm = 208.0 |
|||
|Oct precipitation mm = 333.5 |
|||
|Nov precipitation mm = 347.2 |
|||
|Dec precipitation mm = 274.5 |
|||
|year precipitation mm = |
|||
| unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |
|||
| Jan precipitation days = 23.1 |
|||
| Feb precipitation days = 19.7 |
|||
| Mar precipitation days = 23.2 |
|||
| Apr precipitation days = 21.1 |
|||
| May precipitation days = 20.0 |
|||
| Jun precipitation days = 18.4 |
|||
| Jul precipitation days = 16.2 |
|||
| Aug precipitation days = 16.4 |
|||
| Sep precipitation days = 19.5 |
|||
| Oct precipitation days = 24.2 |
|||
| Nov precipitation days = 24.9 |
|||
| Dec precipitation days = 24.2 |
|||
| year precipitation days = |
|||
|snow colour = green |
|||
|Jan snow cm = 10.7 |
|||
|Feb snow cm = 16.0 |
|||
|Mar snow cm = 3.7 |
|||
|Apr snow cm = 1.5 |
|||
|May snow cm = 0.1 |
|||
|Jun snow cm = 0.0 |
|||
|Jul snow cm = 0.0 |
|||
|Aug snow cm = 0.0 |
|||
|Sep snow cm = 0.0 |
|||
|Oct snow cm = 0.3 |
|||
|Nov snow cm = 2.3 |
|||
|Dec snow cm = 10.6 |
|||
|year snow cm = 45.1 |
|||
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm |
|||
|Jan snow days = 2.6 |
|||
|Feb snow days = 2.3 |
|||
|Mar snow days = 1.9 |
|||
|Apr snow days = 0.85 |
|||
|May snow days = 0.19 |
|||
|Jun snow days = 0.0 |
|||
|Jul snow days = 0.0 |
|||
|Aug snow days = 0.0 |
|||
|Sep snow days = 0.0 |
|||
|Oct snow days = 0.27 |
|||
|Nov snow days = 1.2 |
|||
|Dec snow days = 3.0 |
|||
|year snow days = 12.3 |
|||
|source = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]<ref name= "climate">{{cite web |url= https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=dryad&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=387&dispBack=1 |
|||
|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 Station Data |
|||
|publisher=[[Environment and Climate Change Canada]] |
|||
|access-date=2 June 2024}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
* [[Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport]] |
* [[Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport]] |
||
* [[Fort McLoughlin]] |
* [[Fort McLoughlin]] |
||
*[[Heiltsuk]] |
* [[Heiltsuk]] |
||
*[[Heiltsuk Nation]] |
* [[Heiltsuk Nation]] |
||
* [[List of reduplicated place names]] |
* [[List of reduplicated place names]] |
||
*[[Old Bella Bella]] |
* [[Old Bella Bella]] |
||
*[[R |
* [[R v Gladstone]] |
||
* [[Tribal Canoe Journeys]] |
* [[Tribal Canoe Journeys]] |
||
| Line 206: | Line 296: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{commons category|Bella Bella}} |
{{commons category|Bella Bella}} |
||
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Bella Bella}} |
|||
*https://web.archive.org/web/20070927191458/http://www.britishcolumbia.com/regions/towns/index.asp?townID=3531 |
|||
*https://heiltsuknation.ca/ Official site |
|||
*[http://www.johnharveyphoto.com/MidCoast/BellaBella/index.html A travelogue from a visit to Bella Bella] |
|||
*[http://www.nfb.ca/film/bella_bella/ A 1975 documentary about Bella Bella from the National Film Board of Canada website] |
|||
*[http://www.bellabella.net/ Heiltsuk Tribal Council Website] |
|||
*[http://www.bellabella.ca/ Bella Bella Community School Website] |
|||
[[Category:Populated places on the British Columbia Coast]] |
[[Category:Populated places on the British Columbia Coast]] |
||
Latest revision as of 06:10, 10 July 2024
Bella Bella
Waglisla | |
|---|---|
 Bella Bella from the water | |
| Nickname: The Rock | |
  Bella Bella Location of Bella Bella in British Columbia | |
| Coordinates: 52°09′43″N 128°08′42″W / 52.16194°N 128.14500°W | |
| Country |  Canada |
| Province |  British Columbia |
| Regional district | Central Coast |
| First settled | 7800–7000 BCE |
| Area | |
• Total | 5.83 km2 (2.25 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 21 m (69 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 1,193 |
| • Density | 204.5/km2 (530/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC–8:00 |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC–7:00 (Pacific Daylight Time) |
| Postal code | V0T 1Z0 |
| Area codes | 250, 778 236 |
| Website | heiltsuknation |
Bella Bella, also known as Waglisla, is the home of the Heiltsuk and is an unincorporated community and Indian reserve community located within Bella Bella Indian Reserve No. 1 on the east coast of Campbell Island in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. Bella Bella is located 98 nautical miles (181 km) north of Port Hardy, on Vancouver Island, and 78 nautical miles (144 km) west of Bella Coola. The community is on Lama Passage, part of the Inside Passage – a transportation route linking the area, and northern British Columbia as well as Alaska for marine vessels carrying cargo, passengers and recreational boaters from the south coast. The settlement "forms a national capital of sorts" to the Heiltsuk.[2]
Founded between 1897 and 1903, Bella Bella is located on Campbell Island.[3]
Originally styled New Bella Bella to distinguish it from "Bella Bella", the community's official post office name for some time was Waglisla, meaning "river on the beach" in the Heiltsuk language. Old Bella Bella, the Heiltsuk village site that is located south of the current village was known as Bella Bella. As it grew, a post office was located in the store. When the Heiltsuk relocated their settlement to the north, the post office, and the name Bella Bella, moved – first to the store in the BC Packers Cannery, then to the village of Shearwater. The post office name was retained while moving location several times. This is a source of confusion and the reason 'Bella Bella' sometimes appears on Denny Island rather than Campbell Island on some Provincial maps.
The Hudson's Bay Company's Fort McLoughlin was near the same location, which is on McLoughlin Bay.[4]
With a population of 1,400, Bella Bella is the largest community to be found on the Central Coast north of Queen Charlotte Strait. It is home to the Heiltsuk First Nation. Like many small communities on the coast, such as nearby Ocean Falls, Bella Bella has had a precarious and isolated existence. The closing of coastal cannery towns and decreased need for coastal shipping reduced the importance of Bella Bella's port.
However, the resumption of ferry services by BC Ferries and the introduction of an air link from Vancouver via Port Hardy by Pacific Coastal Airlines have revived Bella Bella. There are scheduled flights from Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport onward to Klemtu and Ocean Falls. Services in Bella Bella include a large general store, the Bella Bella Community School, Alexa's restaurant, the Koeye Cafe, the Thistalalh Memorial Library, an RCMP police station (with a circuit court every 1.5 months), the Bella Bella Medical Clinic, staffed by 3 physicians and a nurse practitioner, and ƛ̓uxválásu̓ilas (pronounced kwil-valas-iwaylas) Heiltsuk Hospital (formerly R.W. Large Memorial Hospital) and its pharmacy. The CIBC bank branch closed in 2007.
The village of Bella Bella was previously known as Waglisla to the Canadian Postal Service; the postal address changed to Bella Bella (V0T 1Z0) in October 2007.
History
[edit].jpg)
Bella Bella is a Heiltsuk village situated on Campbell Island, British Columbia. Today Bella Bella is the main Heiltsuk community within Heiltsuk traditional territory. The village was initially located at McLoughlin Bay, south of the current location but moved between 1898 and the early 20th Century to the present site. Heiltsuk's oral history tells of a dispute with the store owner in the original town. The store owner had acquired the land that had been the old HBC fort and would not allow the community to expand on 'his' land – prompting the entire community to abandon the site and move to a larger site – the present location of the village.
During the early period, Bella Bella was composed of relatively new European-style houses and a boardwalk. By 1903 the new town was fairly well established. The mission was complete with a hospital, mission house, and school which doubled as a church.[5]
Methodist missionaries played a significant role during this period, functioning as colonial agents, magistrates, ministers, as well as medical doctors. A missionary hospital was established, as well as a church and school. The current hospital in Bella Bella evolved from this early missionary hospital.
"The one-room school stood in a clearing beside the church, at the fringe of the dense bush that stubbornly tried to reclaim the half-mile stretch of territory occupied by the village.[6]"
Confusion over the name and location of 'Bella Bella'
The origin of the name Bella Bella has several stories. It originally was associated with the Heiltsuk people and the community of Heiltsuk people that developed where the Hudson Bay Company built Fort McLoughlin.
Fort McLoughlin operated between 1832 and 1842. When the fort was closed, the village remained. At some point, a white trader acquired a 'legal' title to the land that the fort had occupied. This trader operated a store for some time on the site during the late 1800s. His store incorporated a postal service – using the name Bella Bella. When the Heiltsuk relocated to the current site of Bella Bella – the store went out of business and the postal operation was moved across the channel to the BC Packers cannery site. Eventually, this also closed and the postal service was moved to the small non-Aboriginal community of Shearwater. When the Heiltsuk began operating a postal service in their community – the name Bella Bella was not available – so the alternate name – Waglisla was used.
After several years of effort – the Heiltsuk were able to have the name Bella Bella returned to the postal service in the community. The name was changed in 2007. As a result of this history – the name Bella Bella can be seen in four different locations on the Central Coast maps – depending on when they were created and how up-to-date they are.
1897–1903
The Heiltsuk move their community from McLoughlin Bay (Qelc or Old Bella Bella) to the site of the present-day village of Bella Bella, BC.
1903
By 1903 New Bella Bella, now just known as Bella Bella (aka Waglisla), was fairly well established following the move from McLoughlin Bay.[7]
1913, August
Canadian Royal Commission known as the McKenna-McBride Commission visits Bella Bella.
1975 The Canadian National Film Board (NFB) documentary "Bella Bella[8]"
1993 'Qatuwas Canoe Festival
In 1993 the Heiltsuk hosted an ocean-going canoe festival at Bella Bella. Called 'Qatuwas – the event was an important milestone in the ongoing renaissance in Northwest Coast Ocean-going canoes.[9] Some 25 canoes from First Nations up and down the coast paddled to Bella Bella for a week-long cultural sharing event.
1997 R. v. Gladstone
The Supreme Court of Canada recognized the Heiltsuk have a pre-existing Aboriginal right to herring that entails a commercial component.
2014 'Qatuwas Canoe Festival
A second 'Qatuwas festival was held in Bella Bella in 2014.
2015 Herring Crisis
The 2015 herring season saw a crisis erupt over a long-simmering dispute between the Heiltsuk and Canada (DFO). Citing concern for the stocks and Heiltsuk rights, as well as taking issue with DFO predictive models, the Heiltsuk occupied the local DFO office for 4 days.[10] The crisis abated when the remainder of the commercial herring fleet departed and the Heiltsuk and Canada agreed to discuss the next season's management.
June 30, 2015 Potlatch in Bella Bella to ratify the Heiltsuk-Haida Peace treaty, a formal agreement that builds on the peace treaty of 1852 that ended the war between the two Nations.[11]
Geology
[edit]The 13-million-year-old mafic dike swarms in the Bella Bella area were formed by the Anahim hotspot when this part of North America was directly overhead. The dikes are believed to mark the first arrival of the hotspot, although it is now located in central British Columbia at Nazko Cone.
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Bella Bella (Dryad Point Lighthouse) (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.5 (88.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
17.5 (63.5) |
31.5 (88.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.5 (52.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
8.3 (46.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
12.3 (54.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
4.7 (40.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
15.9 (60.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.1 (43.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) |
2.1 (35.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
7.3 (45.1) |
9.9 (49.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
12.3 (54.1) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.0 (6.8) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.4 (43.5) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 279.7 (11.01) |
210.5 (8.29) |
209.2 (8.24) |
203.3 (8.00) |
156.9 (6.18) |
143.3 (5.64) |
117.1 (4.61) |
145.4 (5.72) |
208.0 (8.19) |
333.5 (13.13) |
347.2 (13.67) |
274.5 (10.81) |
2,628.6 (103.49) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 10.7 (4.2) |
16.0 (6.3) |
3.7 (1.5) |
1.5 (0.6) |
0.1 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.3 (0.1) |
2.3 (0.9) |
10.6 (4.2) |
45.1 (17.8) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 23.1 | 19.7 | 23.2 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.4 | 16.2 | 16.4 | 19.5 | 24.2 | 24.9 | 24.2 | 250.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 0.85 | 0.19 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.27 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 12.3 |
| Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[12] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]- Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport
- Fort McLoughlin
- Heiltsuk
- Heiltsuk Nation
- List of reduplicated place names
- Old Bella Bella
- R v Gladstone
- Tribal Canoe Journeys
References
[edit]- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 8, 2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Bella Bella 1, Aboriginal reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
- ^ Wood, Chris. "Coastal People's Past Powers Their Political Future". The Tyee. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
- ^ Black, Martha (1997). Bella Bella: A Season of Heiltsuk Art. Toronto/Vancouver/Seattle: Royal Ontario Museum/Douglas & McIntyre/University of Washington Press. pp. 8–12. ISBN 1-55054-556-6.
- ^ "Bella Bella (community)". BC Geographical Names.
- ^ Large, R. Geddes (1968). Drums, and Scalpel: From Native Healer to Physician on the North Pacific Coast. Vancouver: Mitchell Press Limited. p. 44.
- ^ McKervill, Hugh W. (1964). Darby of Bella Bella (second ed.). Toronto: The Ryerson Press. p. 42.
- ^ Large, R. Geddes (1968). Drums and Scalpel: From Native Healers to Physicians on the North Pacific Coast. Vancouver: Mitchell Press Limited. p. 44.
- ^ 'Bella Bella" NFB film by Barbara Greene. 1975
- ^ Neel, David (1995). The Great Canoes. University of Washington Press.
- ^ Hume, Mark. "Heiltsuk First Nation claims victory over disputed Herring Fishery". Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
- ^ Erwin, Ryan Heiltsuk and Haida Nations finalize Peace Treaty. Global News. 30 June 2015.http://globalnews.ca/news/2085293/heiltsuk-and-haida-nations-finalize-peace-treaty/ accessed March 29, 2015.
- ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 Station Data". Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bella Bella.
Bella Bella travel guide from Wikivoyage- https://heiltsuknation.ca/ Official site
