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{{Refimprove|date=December 2010}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2010}}
{{Royal house|
{{Infobox noble house
| surname = House of Grenier
|surname = Granier or Grenier Family
|native_name =
| estate = {{unbulleted list|[[Sidon Sea Castle]] (1110-1260)|[[Beaufort Castle, Lebanon|Beaufort Castle]] (1110-1260){{sfn|Kennedy|1994|p=43}}|[[Caesarea Castle]] (1110-1255/77)}}
|other_name =
| coat of arms = Blason Grenier.svg
|coat of arms =
⚫
| country = {{flagdeco|Kingdom of Jerusalem}} [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
|image_size =
⚫
* [[Lordship of Sidon]]
|alt =
| titles = {{unbulleted list|[[Bailiff of Jerusalem]]<ref>Non-hereditary</ref>|[[Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem#Constable|Constable of Jerusalem]]<ref>Non-hereditary</ref>|[[Lordship of Sidon|Count of Sidon]]|[[Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem|Lord of Caesarea]]}}
|caption =
⚫
| founder = [[Eustace Grenier]]
|estates =
| final ruler = {{unbulleted list|Sidon: [[Julian Grenier]] (1239-1260)|Caesarea: [[Margaret of Caesarea|Margaret]] (1238/41–1255/77)}}
⚫
|country = {{Flag|Kingdom of Jerusalem}}
| current head =
|titles = * [[Lordship of Sidon]]
| founding year = 1110
⚫
* [[Lordship of Caesarea]]
| cadet branches = House of Grenier-Caesarea (extinct in 1255/77)
|styles =
| footnotes = {{footnotes}}
|founded = {{Start date|12th century}}
⚫
|founder = [[Eustace Grenier|''Eustachius Granarius'']]
|dissolution = {{End date|1277-1289}}
|final ruler =
|ethnicity =
|cadet branches =
}}
}}

The '''House of Grenier''' was a prominent noble family of the [[Crusades]], based in [[Jerusalem]]. In 1010 they were granted the Lordships of [[Lordship of Sidon|Sidon]] and [[Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem|Caesarea]] (Sidon was later raised to a county).
The '''House of Granier''' (or '''Grenier''' ) was a prominent noble family during the [[Crusades]] founded at the beginning of the 12th century by [[Eustace Grenier|Eustachius Granarius]], a [[Flemish people|Flemish]] nobleman from the [[Ancient Diocese of Thérouanne|Diocese of Thérouanne]] in the [[County of Saint-Pol]]{{efn-la|Alan V. Murray in his book ''The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099-1125'' (2000) writes : "However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The ''Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione'' identifies him as a Fleming from the diocese of Therouanne : ''Par belramensis, fit princeps Caesariensis / Eustachius notus miles, cognomine Gernirs''. The form ''Gernirs'' is also used by William of Tyre, and seems to be a vernacular equivalent of the latin forms of Eustace’s surname which would seem to indicate an official in charge of a ''granarium'' (store-house), although as this appears to have become a hereditary surname carried on by his descendants it does not necessary reveal anything about Eustace himself. The phrase ''par belramensis'' can most satisfactorily be explained as the noun ''par'' in the sense of ''peer'', a military office with an attached fief known in the county of Flanders from the mid-eleventh century, plus an adjective deriving from a toponym; since this must necessarily be sought in the diocese of Thérouanne it must refer to Beaurain-château (F, Pas-de-Calais, arr. Montreuil-sur-Mer) on the River Canche, which is mentioned in 723 as ''Belrinio super Qanchia sitas in pago Tarvaninse'' and in the eleventh and twelfth centuries as ''Belrem and castellum de Belrain''. As Beaurain-Château was part of the county of Saint-Pol, held from the count of Boulogne, it is likely that Eustace was originally on crusade Count Hugh of Saint-Pol and his son Engelrand."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mdQDLmDtNpwC&dq=%22However%2C+his+origins+can+be+established+with+a+high+degree+of+certainty%22&pg=PA194 Alan V. Murray, ''The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099-1125'', Occasional Publications UPR, 2000, pp. 193-194.]</ref>}} who became lord of [[Lordship of Sidon|Sidon]] and [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]] near 1110.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Siège de Sidon (1260).jpeg|thumb|Siege of [[Sidon]]: [[Kitbuqa]] vs. Julian Grenier in 1260. From [[Hayton of Corycus]], ''Fleur des histoires d'orient''.]]
[[File:Siège de Sidon (1260).jpeg|thumb|Siege of [[Sidon]]: [[Kitbuqa]] vs. Julian Grenier in 1260. From [[Hayton of Corycus]], ''Fleur des histoires d'orient''.]]
Sidon was captured in December 1110 and given to [[Eustace Grenier]].<ref>According to the 13th-century writer [[John of Ibelin (jurist)|John of Ibelin]]</ref> The lordship was a coastal strip on the [[Mediterranean Sea]] between [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] and [[Beirut]]. It was conquered by [[Saladin]] in 1187 and remained in Muslim hands until it was restored to Christian control by German Crusaders in the [[Crusade of 1197]]. [[Julian Grenier]] sold it to the [[Knights Templar]] after it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1260 after the [[Battle of Ain Jalut]].{{sfn|Kennedy|1994|p=128}} One of the vassals of the lordship was the [[Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem|Lordship of the Shuf]].
Sidon was captured in December 1110 and given to [[Eustace Grenier]].<ref>According to the 13th-century writer [[John of Ibelin (jurist)|John of Ibelin]]</ref> The lordship was a coastal strip on the [[Mediterranean Sea]] between [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] and [[Beirut]]. It was conquered by [[Saladin]] in 1187 and remained in Muslim hands until it was restored to Christian control by German Crusaders in the [[Crusade of 1197]]. [[Julian Grenier]] sold it to the [[Knights Templar]] after it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1260 after the [[Battle of Ain Jalut]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} One of the vassals of the lordship was the [[Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem|Lordship of the Shuf]].


Caesarea was granted to [[Eustace Grenier]] in 1010.{{sfn|Murray|2000|p=193}}{{sfn|Riley-Smith|1973|p=33}} The House of Grenier continued to rule Caesarea until it became the property of John Aleman by right of his marriage to Margaret Grenier in 1238 or 1243.<ref name=Lamonte>{{cite journal | first =John L.|last= Lamonte | title = The Lords of Caesarea in the Period of the Crusades | journal = Speculum | volume = 22 | issue= 2 | date= 1947 | pages= 158–59}}</ref>
Caesarea was granted to [[Eustace Grenier|Eustace Granier (or Grenier)]] in 1010.{{sfn|Murray|2000|p=193}}{{sfn|Riley-Smith|1973|p=33}} His descendants continued to rule Caesarea until it became the property of John Aleman by right of his marriage to Margaret Grenier in 1238 or 1243.<ref name=Lamonte>{{cite journal | first =John L.|last= Lamonte | title = The Lords of Caesarea in the Period of the Crusades | journal = Speculum | volume = 22 | issue= 2 | date= 1947 | pages= 158–59|doi= 10.2307/2854723 |jstor= 2854723 |s2cid= 162771820 }}</ref>


The Granier or Grenier family became extinct with two brothers: Balian II (who died at Botron in 1277) and John (who died in Armenia in 1289), sons of Julian Grenier (died in 1275) lord of Sidon and his wife Euphemia, daughter of Hethum I, King of Armenia.
⚫
==Grenier rulers of Sidon==

⚫
== Lords of Sidon==
* [[Eustace I Grenier]] (1110-1123)
* [[Eustace I Grenier]] (1110-1123)
* [[Gerard Grenier]] (1123-1171)
* [[Gerard Grenier]] (1123-1171)
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* ''Sold to the [[Knights Templar]]'' (1260)
* ''Sold to the [[Knights Templar]]'' (1260)


==Grenier rulers of Caesarea==
== Lords of Caesarea==
*[[Eustace Grenier]] (1110–1123)
*[[Eustace Grenier]] (1110–1123)
*[[Walter I Grenier]] (1123–1154)
*[[Walter I Grenier]] (1123–1154)
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**[[John Aleman]] (1238/43–1264/77)
**[[John Aleman]] (1238/43–1264/77)


==Estates of the House of Grenier==
== Castles of the Lordship of Sidon and Lordship of Caesarea ==

Properties of the House of Grenier:
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Sidon Sea Castle.jpg|[[Sidon Sea Castle]]
File:Sidon Sea Castle.jpg|[[Sidon Sea Castle]]
File:Chateau de Beaufort.jpg|[[Beaufort Castle, Lebanon|Beaufort Castle]]
File:Chateau de Beaufort.jpg|[[Beaufort Castle, Lebanon]]
File:Caesarea-S-112.jpg|[[Caesarea Castle]]
File:Caesarea-S-112.jpg|[[Caesarea Castle]]
</gallery>
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{notelist-la}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== Bibliography ==
;Sources

⚫
* John L. Lamonte, ''Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100-1291''. The Medieval Academy of America, 1932.
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdQDLmDtNpwC&dq=%22However%2C+his+origins+can+be+established+with+a+high+degree+of+certainty%22&pg=PA194 |first=Alan V. |last=Murray |title=The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099–1125 |publisher=Occasional Publications UPR |date=2000 |pages=193–194|isbn=9781900934039 }}
* [[Jonathan Riley-Smith]], ''The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277''. The Macmillan Press, 1973.
⚫
* {{cite book |first=John L. |last=Lamonte |title=Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1291 |publisher=The Medieval Academy of America |date=1932}}
⚫
* [[Steven Runciman]], ''A History of the Crusades, Vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187''. [[Cambridge University Press]], 1952.
* Steven Tibble, ''Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291''. Clarendon Press, 1989.
* {{cite book |author-link=Jonathan Riley-Smith |last=Riley-Smith |first=Jonathon |title=The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174–1277 |publisher=The Macmillan Press |date=1973}}
⚫
* {{cite book |author-link=Steven Runciman |last=Runciman |first=Steven |title=A History of the Crusades, Vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=1952}}
* {{cite book |first=Steven |last=Tibble |title=Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1291 |publisher=Clarendon Press |date=1989}}


[[Category:Lordship of Sidon| ]]
[[Category:Lordship of Sidon| ]]
[[Category:People of the Crusader states|Sidon]]
[[Category:People from the Crusader states|Sidon]]
[[Category:1110 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1110 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Feudalism in the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Feudalism in the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Medieval Lebanon]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Lebanon]]
[[Category:1110s establishments in the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:1110s establishments in the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Disestablishments in the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Disestablishments in the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Noble families of the Crusader states]]
[[Category:Noble families from the Crusader states]]

Latest revision as of 06:18, 10 July 2024

Granier or Grenier Family
Country Kingdom of Jerusalem
Founded12th century (12th century)
FounderEustachius Granarius
Titles
Dissolution1277-1289 (1277-1289)

The House of Granier (or Grenier ) was a prominent noble family during the Crusades founded at the beginning of the 12th century by Eustachius Granarius, a Flemish nobleman from the Diocese of Thérouanne in the County of Saint-Pol[a] who became lord of Sidon and Caesarea near 1110.

History

[edit]
Siege of Sidon: Kitbuqa vs. Julian Grenier in 1260. From Hayton of Corycus, Fleur des histoires d'orient.

Sidon was captured in December 1110 and given to Eustace Grenier.[2] The lordship was a coastal strip on the Mediterranean Sea between Tyre and Beirut. It was conquered by Saladin in 1187 and remained in Muslim hands until it was restored to Christian control by German Crusaders in the Crusade of 1197. Julian Grenier sold it to the Knights Templar after it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1260 after the Battle of Ain Jalut.[citation needed] One of the vassals of the lordship was the Lordship of the Shuf.

Caesarea was granted to Eustace Granier (or Grenier) in 1010.[3][4] His descendants continued to rule Caesarea until it became the property of John Aleman by right of his marriage to Margaret Grenier in 1238 or 1243.[5]

The Granier or Grenier family became extinct with two brothers: Balian II (who died at Botron in 1277) and John (who died in Armenia in 1289), sons of Julian Grenier (died in 1275) lord of Sidon and his wife Euphemia, daughter of Hethum I, King of Armenia.

Lords of Sidon

[edit]

Lords of Caesarea

[edit]

Castles of the Lordship of Sidon and Lordship of Caesarea

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Alan V. Murray in his book The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099-1125 (2000) writes : "However, his origins can be established with a high degree of certainty. The Versus de viris illustribus diocesis Tarvanensis qui in sacra fuere expeditione identifies him as a Fleming from the diocese of Therouanne : Par belramensis, fit princeps Caesariensis / Eustachius notus miles, cognomine Gernirs. The form Gernirs is also used by William of Tyre, and seems to be a vernacular equivalent of the latin forms of Eustace’s surname which would seem to indicate an official in charge of a granarium (store-house), although as this appears to have become a hereditary surname carried on by his descendants it does not necessary reveal anything about Eustace himself. The phrase par belramensis can most satisfactorily be explained as the noun par in the sense of peer, a military office with an attached fief known in the county of Flanders from the mid-eleventh century, plus an adjective deriving from a toponym; since this must necessarily be sought in the diocese of Thérouanne it must refer to Beaurain-château (F, Pas-de-Calais, arr. Montreuil-sur-Mer) on the River Canche, which is mentioned in 723 as Belrinio super Qanchia sitas in pago Tarvaninse and in the eleventh and twelfth centuries as Belrem and castellum de Belrain. As Beaurain-Château was part of the county of Saint-Pol, held from the count of Boulogne, it is likely that Eustace was originally on crusade Count Hugh of Saint-Pol and his son Engelrand."[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Alan V. Murray, The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099-1125, Occasional Publications UPR, 2000, pp. 193-194.
  2. ^ According to the 13th-century writer John of Ibelin
  3. ^ Murray 2000, p. 193.
  4. ^ Riley-Smith 1973, p. 33.
  5. ^ Lamonte, John L. (1947). "The Lords of Caesarea in the Period of the Crusades". Speculum. 22 (2): 158–59. doi:10.2307/2854723. JSTOR 2854723. S2CID 162771820.

Bibliography

[edit]
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