Björn Wahlroos: Difference between revisions

Björn Wahlroos
Björn Wahlroos
	Wahlroos in 2009
Born	Björn Arne Christer Wahlroos; 10 October 1952 (age 72); Helsinki, Finland
Nationality	Finnish
Education	Doctor of Economic Sciences (1979)
Alma mater	Hanken School of Economics
Board member of	Sampo Group, chairman ; UPM-Kymmene, chairman
Spouse	Saara Wahlroos (m. 1977)
Children	2
Parent(s)	Bror Wahlroos; Marita Wahlroos

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Björn Arne Christer "Nalle"^[1] Wahlroos (born 10 October 1952) is a Finnish banker, investor, and the chairman of the Board in Sampo Group and UPM-Kymmene.^[2]^[3] Before switching to banking, Wahlroos worked as a professor at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, from which he also holds a Doctorate in Economics.^[4]

In terms of political economical viewpoint, Wahlroos is known as a defender of laissez-faire economics, and a critic of Keynesian economics and economic regulation.^[5]^[6] His views against government interference and regulation has prompted criticism and controversy throughout the years, especially as despite Wahlroos' wealth, he has collected hundreds of thousands of euros in Finnish agricultural subsidies.^[7]^[5]

He owns a mansion in Salo, Finland and a second mansion in Nice, France, in addition to an apartment in Stockholm.^[5]^[8] Wahlroos has also published several books on economics and the Finnish economy.^[9]

His father, Bror "Buntta" Wahlroos, was chief of staff in the Ministry of Trade and Industry.^[10] His mother, Marita Wahlroos, is a long-time friend of Martti Ahtisaari, who was a president of Finland (1994–2000) and they both worked in Africa.^[10]

Personal life and family

Björn Wahlroos and Leif Salmén at a demonstration in Esplanadi park, in 1969

Born in Helsinki, Wahlroos is a Swedish-speaking Finn. Wahlroos' father Bror "Buntta" Wahlroos (1928–2007) was a well-known economist, who worked at the Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry from the 1960s until his retirement in 1993.^[11] Bror Wahlroos was the Chief of Staff of the ministry for a total of 23 years.^[12]^[11] Wahlroos' mother, Marita Wahlroos also held a master's degree in economics.^[10] Marita Wahlroos worked as a teacher at a business school in Helsinki for several years.^[10] After Marita divorced Bror, she worked in numerous African countries in the developmental aid sector.^[13]^[10]

Wahlroos married Saara Wahlroos in 1977. They have two children, Nina Wahlroos-Grader (born 1977) and Thomas Wahlroos (born 1979).^[14] Wahlroos has transferred sums of his wealth to his children, partially to avoid the Finnish inheritance tax and other taxes.^[14]

Career

After graduation from the gymnasium Nya svenska samskolan in 1971, Wahlroos studied at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki. He graduated as a M.Sc. in 1975 and got his D.Sc. in 1979. The following years were spent in academia; as an acting professor of economics at the Hanken School of Economics and as a visiting professor at Brown University and the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, Illinois, United States.^[15]

In 1985, Wahlroos switched career to banking, joining the executive board of Union Bank of Finland (Suomen Yhdyspankki). In 1988, he was appointed Executive vice president and Head of Investment Banking & Treasury at the Union Bank of Finland. Together with half a dozen of his colleagues, Wahlroos bought out the investment banking operations of UBF in 1992 and started the partnership Mandatum [fi] & Co, which soon became the leading advisor of mergers and acquisitions in Scandinavia.^[16] Through a merger with Interbank in 1998, Mandatum was listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange.^[16]

In 2000, Wahlroos merged his banking group into Sampo-Leonia and took over as president and CEO of the combined company, also becoming its biggest private shareholder.^[16] In 2009, Wahlroos resigned as CEO and was elected Chairman of Sampo plc, holding company of Sampo Group, which by then had become the biggest insurer in Northern Europe and also the main shareholder of Nordea, the region's largest bank.^[16]^[17] Between 2011 and 2019, he was chairman of the board of Nordea.^[4]^[16]

Wahlroos was also chairman of the Board of UPM-Kymmene, the pulp and paper manufacturer.^[18]^[17]

In late 2022, Wahlroos transferred the ownership in his main investment companies, worth c. EUR 130 million, to his children, in preparation for his planned retirement from daily business activities.^[19]

Politics

While a student, Wahlroos was involved in left-wing politics. He was a member of Finlands Svenska Skolungdomsförbundet in 1969–1973 and communist revolutionary student association Sosialistiset taloustieteen opiskelijat in 1971–1973.^[20] He left extreme leftist politics in 1973.^[20] After this he has withdrawn from active party politics although he is a paying member of the Swedish People's Party.^[21] He has nevertheless given public comments that give an indication of his thoughts.

In 2001, he declared himself in favour of a citizen's income in Finland.^[22] "Basic security, in my mind, must never be threatened because it is an important part of human modern society", Wahlroos said in the Finnish newspaper Uutispäivä Demari, clearing way to negative income tax thinking. In March 2009, Wahlroos predicted that the economic recession would not endure for long, because the market corrects itself quickly. In March 2010, in an interview in the Image magazine, he spoke of the need to cut Finnish development aid because "we have 50 years of money thrown into a bottomless well". In addition, he has criticized giving grants to university students because it, according to Wahlroos, "supports idleness", and regards agricultural and forestry research expenditures as excessive. In June 2010, Wahlroos told the Financial Times that Europe will have to reconsider the future of the social market economy model, because people cannot be taxed in the future in the current fashion, and poverty and broken families are unsustainable. Wahlroos also believes that agricultural subsidies should be abolished throughout the world: "It is absurd that Finland is with one hand supporting the Zambian agribusiness and the other the EU common agricultural policy. (...) ...giving to developing countries at the same time ... when the EU is to abolish agricultural subsidies and open tariff barriers on agricultural products." At the same time he receives remarkable agricultural subsidies himself.

In 2015, Wahlroos published a book defending his laissez-faire economics viewpoint, De tio sämsta ekonomiska teorierna. Från Keynes till Piketty (The ten worst economic theories: From Keynes to Piketty).^[23] In the book he argues, for instance, that stable economic development is difficult to implement in a democratic social system.

Wahlroos is a member of Libera, a foundation organized under Mont Pelerin Society.

Military

In the Finnish Defence Forces, Wahlroos holds the rank of major in the reserves.

Books published

Wahlroos, Björn: Markkinat ja demokratia. (Otava, 2012) ISBN 978-951-1-25176-7
Wahlroos, Björn: Talouden kymmenen tuhoisinta ajatusta. (Otava, 2015) ISBN 978-951-1-28592-2
Wahlroos, Björn: Kuinkas tässä näin kävi? (Otava, 2019) ISBN 978-951-1-35459-8
Wahlroos, Björn: Barrikaadeilta pankkimaailmaan (Otava, 2021) ISBN 978-951-1-41751-4

References

^ "Kirjallisuus | Björn Wahlroos kirjoittaa omat muistelmansa – "Itsestäänselvyys, ainakin jos on saanut elää keskimääräistä tapahtumarikkaamman elämän"". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 22 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
^ Finnish business magazine story on Wahlroos (in finnish) Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
^ Pietiläinen, Tuomo (24 March 2011). "Björn Wahlroos Nordean hallituksen puheenjohtajaksi". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Björn Wahlroos". www.sampo.com (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Björn Wahlroos: ylimielisen kultasormen elämä". www.apu.fi. 17 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ "Björn Wahlroosin havainto: Suomi on kuin vanhainkoti – vaadimme yhä enemmän ja lapset tietenkin saavat maksaa". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 28 September 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ HS, Juha-Pekka Raeste (31 January 2013). "Björn Wahlroos sai 262 630 euroa maataloustukea". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 April 2022.
^ Ikäheimo, Jorma (25 October 2021). "Björn Wahlroos: Kotina Tukholma, mutta Nizzassa mukavimmat ihmiset". Sveriges Radio (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ "Björn Wahlroos". Otava (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Okkonen, Katja (14 October 2021). "Tällainen oli Björn Wahlroosin nuoruus – kertoo muistelmissaan onnittelusähkeestä Fidel Castrolle". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b Taloussanomat-STT (12 January 2007). "Bror Wahlroos kuollut". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ Taloussanomat-STT (12 January 2007). "Bror Wahlroos kuollut". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
^ Okkonen, Katja (14 October 2021). "Tällainen oli Björn Wahlroosin nuoruus – kertoo muistelmissaan onnittelusähkeestä Fidel Castrolle". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Näistä Wahlroosin perilliset tunnetaan: Vahinkolaukaus, pokerirahoja ja kaahausta". www.iltalehti.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
^ Paavilainen, Ulla, ed. (2014). Kuka kukin on: Henkilötietoja nykypolven suomalaisista 2015 [Who’s Who in Finland, 2015] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. p. 969. ISBN 978-951-1-28228-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Aaltonen, Riikka (8 October 2023). "Björn Wahlroos oli 1990-luvulla oikeassa paikassa oikeaan aikaan, ja se teki hänestä superrikkaan – Yhtä asiaa hän kuitenkin katuu". Talouselämä (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Wahlroos väistyi Sammon johdosta, Mandatum lohkaistaan itsenäiseksi yhtiöksi". Etelä-Suomen Sanomat (in Finnish). 17 May 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ "Björn Wahlroos - Nordic Business Forum Helsinki 2021". Nordic Business Forum. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
^ "Björn Wahlroos siirsi lapsilleen liki 130 miljoonan euron edestä omistuksiaan". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Vasemmiston teinitähdestä Hankenin kommunistiksi". KU (in Finnish). 17 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ "Björn Wahlroos pestautui RKP:lle". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 16 September 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
^ "Citizen's Income supported by top businessman".
^ Wahlroos, Björn: De tio sämsta ekonomiska teorierna: Från Keynes till Piketty. Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 2015. ISBN 978-91-0-014900-0.

Sources

Personal data: Corresponding article on the Finnish Wikipedia

External links

Sampo Board of Directors

[1] "Kirjallisuus | Björn Wahlroos kirjoittaa omat muistelmansa – "Itsestäänselvyys, ainakin jos on saanut elää keskimääräistä tapahtumarikkaamman elämän"". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 22 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2023.

[2] Finnish business magazine story on Wahlroos (in finnish) Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine

[3] Pietiläinen, Tuomo (24 March 2011). "Björn Wahlroos Nordean hallituksen puheenjohtajaksi". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2011.

[:0-4] "Björn Wahlroos". www.sampo.com (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.

[:2-5] "Björn Wahlroos: ylimielisen kultasormen elämä". www.apu.fi. 17 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[6] "Björn Wahlroosin havainto: Suomi on kuin vanhainkoti – vaadimme yhä enemmän ja lapset tietenkin saavat maksaa". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 28 September 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[7] HS, Juha-Pekka Raeste (31 January 2013). "Björn Wahlroos sai 262 630 euroa maataloustukea". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 April 2022.

[8] Ikäheimo, Jorma (25 October 2021). "Björn Wahlroos: Kotina Tukholma, mutta Nizzassa mukavimmat ihmiset". Sveriges Radio (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[9] "Björn Wahlroos". Otava (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[:3-10] Okkonen, Katja (14 October 2021). "Tällainen oli Björn Wahlroosin nuoruus – kertoo muistelmissaan onnittelusähkeestä Fidel Castrolle". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[:4-11] Taloussanomat-STT (12 January 2007). "Bror Wahlroos kuollut". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[12] Taloussanomat-STT (12 January 2007). "Bror Wahlroos kuollut". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.

[13] Okkonen, Katja (14 October 2021). "Tällainen oli Björn Wahlroosin nuoruus – kertoo muistelmissaan onnittelusähkeestä Fidel Castrolle". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.

[:1-14] "Näistä Wahlroosin perilliset tunnetaan: Vahinkolaukaus, pokerirahoja ja kaahausta". www.iltalehti.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 January 2022.

[KKO-15] Paavilainen, Ulla, ed. (2014). Kuka kukin on: Henkilötietoja nykypolven suomalaisista 2015 [Who’s Who in Finland, 2015] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. p. 969. ISBN 978-951-1-28228-0.

[:5-16] Aaltonen, Riikka (8 October 2023). "Björn Wahlroos oli 1990-luvulla oikeassa paikassa oikeaan aikaan, ja se teki hänestä superrikkaan – Yhtä asiaa hän kuitenkin katuu". Talouselämä (in Finnish). Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[:6-17] "Wahlroos väistyi Sammon johdosta, Mandatum lohkaistaan itsenäiseksi yhtiöksi". Etelä-Suomen Sanomat (in Finnish). 17 May 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[18] "Björn Wahlroos - Nordic Business Forum Helsinki 2021". Nordic Business Forum. Retrieved 23 January 2022.

[hs22-19] "Björn Wahlroos siirsi lapsilleen liki 130 miljoonan euron edestä omistuksiaan". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.

[:7-20] "Vasemmiston teinitähdestä Hankenin kommunistiksi". KU (in Finnish). 17 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[21] "Björn Wahlroos pestautui RKP:lle". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 16 September 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2023.

[22] "Citizen's Income supported by top businessman".

[23] Wahlroos, Björn: De tio sämsta ekonomiska teorierna: Från Keynes till Piketty. Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 2015. ISBN 978-91-0-014900-0.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Finnish banker, investor and chairman (born 1952)}}
 {{BLP sources|date=March 2010}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
 {{Infobox person
+| honorific_prefix   =
-| honorific_prefix          = {{abbr|Maj.|Majuri (Major)}} {{abbr|KTT|Kauppatieteiden tohtori (Doctor of Economic Sciences)}}
-| nickname          = "Nalle"
+| name               =
-| image             = Bjornwahlroos4.JPG
+| nickname           =
+| image              = Bjornwahlroos4.JPG
-| caption           =
+| caption            = Wahlroos in 2009
-|birth_name         = Björn Arne Christer Wahlroos
+| birth_name         = Björn Arne Christer Wahlroos
-| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1952|10|10|df=y}}
+| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1952|10|10|df=y}}
-| birth_place       = [[Helsinki]], Finland
+| birth_place        = [[Helsinki]], Finland
-| nationality       = Finnish
+| nationality        = Finnish
-| boards        = [[Sampo Group]], chairman <br />[[Nordea|Nordea Bank]], chairman <br />[[UPM-Kymmene]], chairman
+| boards             = [[Sampo Group]], chairman <br />[[UPM-Kymmene]], chairman
-| spouse            = Saara Wahlroos
+| spouse             = {{Marriage|Saara Wahlroos|1977}}
-| parents          =	Bror Wahlroos<br />Marita Wahlroos
+| parents            = Bror Wahlroos<br />Marita Wahlroos
-| children          = 2
+| children           = 2
-| residence         = Joensuu Mansion, [[Salo, Finland|Salo]], Finland
+| education          = Doctor of Economic Sciences (1979)
-| education           = Doctor of Economic Sciences (1979)
+| alma_mater         = [[Hanken School of Economics]]
-| alma_mater        = [[Hanken School of Economics]]
 }}
-'''Björn Arne Christer Wahlroos''' (born 10 October 1952 in [[Helsinki]]) is the [[Chairman]] of the Board in [[Sampo Group]], [[Nordea]] and [[UPM-Kymmene]].<ref>[http://www.talouselama.fi/doc.te?f_id=1078443 Finnish business magazine story on Wahlroos (in finnish)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234748/http://www.talouselama.fi/doc.te?f_id=1078443 |date=26 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hs.fi/talous/artikkeli/Bj%C3%B6rn+Wahlroos+Nordean+hallituksen+puheenjohtajaksi/1135264883838|title=Björn Wahlroos Nordean hallituksen puheenjohtajaksi |last=Pietiläinen|first=Tuomo|date=24 March 2011|work=Helsingin Sanomat|language=Finnish|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> Wahlroos's nickname "Nalle", which means ''"[[teddy bear]]"'' in [[Finnish language|Finnish]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]], derives from his first name Björn, which means "bear" in [[Swedish language|Swedish]].
+'''Björn Arne Christer''' "'''Nalle'''"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-22 |title=Kirjallisuus {{!}} Björn Wahlroos kirjoittaa omat muistelmansa – "Itsestäänselvyys, ainakin jos on saanut elää keskimääräistä tapahtumarikkaamman elämän" |url=https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000007875016.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref> '''Wahlroos''' (born 10 October 1952) is a Finnish banker, investor, and the [[chairman]] of the Board in [[Sampo Group]] and [[UPM-Kymmene]].<ref>[http://www.talouselama.fi/doc.te?f_id=1078443 Finnish business magazine story on Wahlroos (in finnish)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234748/http://www.talouselama.fi/doc.te?f_id=1078443 |date=26 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hs.fi/talous/artikkeli/Bj%C3%B6rn+Wahlroos+Nordean+hallituksen+puheenjohtajaksi/1135264883838|title=Björn Wahlroos Nordean hallituksen puheenjohtajaksi|last=Pietiläinen|first=Tuomo|date=24 March 2011|work=Helsingin Sanomat|language=Finnish|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=26 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326023524/http://www.hs.fi/talous/artikkeli/Bj%C3%B6rn+Wahlroos+Nordean+hallituksen+puheenjohtajaksi/1135264883838|url-status=dead}}</ref> Before switching to banking, Wahlroos worked as a professor at the [[Hanken School of Economics]] in Helsinki, from which he also holds a Doctorate in Economics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Björn Wahlroos|url=https://www.sampo.com/fi/hallinnointi/hallitus/bjorn-wahlroos/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.sampo.com|language=fi}}</ref>
+In terms of political economical viewpoint, Wahlroos is known as a defender of [[Laissez-faire economics|''laissez-faire'' economics]], and a critic of  [[Keynesian economics]] and economic regulation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-17 |title=Björn Wahlroos: ylimielisen kultasormen elämä |url=https://www.apu.fi/artikkelit/bjorn-wahlroos-ylimielisen-kultasormen-elama |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.apu.fi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-28 |title=Björn Wahlroosin havainto: Suomi on kuin vanhainkoti – vaadimme yhä enemmän ja lapset tietenkin saavat maksaa |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20052395 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}</ref> His views against government interference and regulation has prompted criticism and controversy throughout the years, especially as despite Wahlroos' wealth, he has collected hundreds of thousands of euros in Finnish agricultural subsidies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HS |first=Juha-Pekka Raeste |date=2013-01-31 |title=Björn Wahlroos sai 262 630 euroa maataloustukea |url=https://www.hs.fi/talous/art-2000002610042.html |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
-His father Bror "Bunta" Wahlroos held a high position in the Ministry of Trade and Industry. His mother is a long-time friend of [[Martti Ahtisaari]], president of Finland (1994 - 2000) and they both worked in Africa.
+He owns a mansion in [[Salo, Finland|Salo]], Finland and a second mansion in [[Nice]], [[France]], in addition to an apartment in [[Stockholm]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ikäheimo |first=Jorma |date=2021-10-25 |title=Björn Wahlroos: Kotina Tukholma, mutta Nizzassa mukavimmat ihmiset |language=fi |work=Sveriges Radio |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/bjorn-wahlroos-kotina-tukholma-mutta-nizzassa-mukavimmat-ihmiset |access-date=2023-10-23}}</ref> Wahlroos has also published several books on economics and the [[Finnish economy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Björn Wahlroos |url=https://otava.fi/kirjailijat/bjorn-wahlroos/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Otava |language=fi}}</ref>
-In terms of political economy viewpoint, Björn Wahlroos is known as a defender of [[laissez-faire economics]], a fighter against [[Keynesian economics]]. He owns a mansion in [[Salo, Finland|Salo]] in Finland and a second mansion in [[Nice]] in [[France]] in addition an apartment in [[Stockholm]].
+His father, Bror "Buntta" Wahlroos, was chief of staff in the Ministry of Trade and Industry.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Okkonen |first=Katja |date=2021-10-14 |title=Tällainen oli Björn Wahlroosin nuoruus – kertoo muistelmissaan onnittelusähkeestä Fidel Castrolle |url=https://www.is.fi/taloussanomat/art-2000008330018.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Ilta-Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref> His mother, Marita Wahlroos, is a long-time friend of [[Martti Ahtisaari]], who was a president of Finland (1994–2000) and they both worked in Africa.<ref name=":3" />
+== Personal life and family ==
+[[File:Wahlroos-Salmen-1969.jpg|thumb|280px|Björn Wahlroos and [[Leif Salmén]] at a demonstration in [[Esplanadi]] park, in 1969]]
+Born in [[Helsinki]], Wahlroos is a [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish-speaking Finn]]. Wahlroos' father Bror "Buntta" Wahlroos (1928–2007) was a well-known economist, who worked at the Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry from the 1960s until his retirement in 1993.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Taloussanomat-STT |date=2007-01-12 |title=Bror Wahlroos kuollut |url=https://www.is.fi/taloussanomat/art-2000001491259.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Ilta-Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref> Bror Wahlroos was the Chief of Staff of the ministry for a total of 23 years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taloussanomat-STT|date=2007-01-12|title=Bror Wahlroos kuollut|url=https://www.is.fi/taloussanomat/art-2000001491259.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Ilta-Sanomat|language=fi}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Wahlroos' mother, Marita Wahlroos also held a master's degree in economics.<ref name=":3" /> Marita Wahlroos worked as a teacher at a business school in Helsinki for several years.<ref name=":3" /> After Marita divorced Bror, she worked in numerous African countries in the developmental aid sector.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Okkonen|first=Katja|date=2021-10-14|title=Tällainen oli Björn Wahlroosin nuoruus – kertoo muistelmissaan onnittelusähkeestä Fidel Castrolle|url=https://www.is.fi/taloussanomat/art-2000008330018.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Ilta-Sanomat|language=fi}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
+Wahlroos married Saara Wahlroos in 1977. They have two children, Nina Wahlroos-Grader (born 1977) and Thomas Wahlroos (born 1979).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Näistä Wahlroosin perilliset tunnetaan: Vahinkolaukaus, pokerirahoja ja kaahausta|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/uutiset/a/2014040918198637|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.iltalehti.fi|language=fi}}</ref> Wahlroos has transferred sums of his wealth to his children, partially to avoid the Finnish inheritance [[Taxation in Finland|tax]] and other taxes.<ref name=":1" />
 == Career ==
-After graduation from [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in 1971 Björn Wahlroos studied at the [[Hanken School of Economics]] in [[Helsinki]]. He graduated as a [[M.Sc]] in 1975 and got his [[D.Sc]] in 1979. The following years were spent in academia; as an acting professor of economics at the [[Hanken School of Economics]] in Helsinki and as a visiting professor at [[Brown University]] and the [[Kellogg School of Management]] at [[Northwestern University]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]].
+After graduation from the [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] {{Lang|sv|[[Nya svenska samskolan]]|italics=no}} in 1971, Wahlroos studied at the [[Hanken School of Economics]] in [[Helsinki]]. He graduated as a [[M.Sc.]] in 1975 and got his [[D.Sc.]] in 1979. The following years were spent in academia; as an acting professor of economics at the Hanken School of Economics and as a visiting professor at [[Brown University]] and the [[Kellogg School of Management]] at [[Northwestern University]], [[Illinois]], United States.<ref name="KKO">{{cite book | editor=Paavilainen, Ulla | title=Kuka kukin on: Henkilötietoja nykypolven suomalaisista 2015 | page=969 | location=Helsinki | publisher=Otava | year=2014 | isbn=978-951-1-28228-0 | trans-title=Who’s Who in Finland, 2015 | language=Finnish }}</ref>
-In 1985 Wahlroos switched career to banking, joining the executive board of Union Bank of Finland ([[Suomen Yhdyspankki]]). In 1988 he was appointed Executive vice president and Head of Investment Banking & Treasury at the Union Bank of Finland. Together with half a dozen of his colleagues Wahlroos bought out the investment banking operations of UBF in 1992 and started the partnership [[Mandatum]] & Co, which soon became the leading advisor of mergers and acquisitions in Scandinavia. Through a merger with Interbank in 1998 Mandatum was listed on the [[Helsinki Stock Exchange]].
+In 1985, Wahlroos switched career to banking, joining the executive board of Union Bank of Finland ({{Lang|fi|[[Suomen Yhdyspankki]]|italics=no}}). In 1988, he was appointed Executive vice president and Head of Investment Banking & Treasury at the Union Bank of Finland. Together with half a dozen of his colleagues, Wahlroos bought out the investment banking operations of UBF in 1992 and started the partnership {{ill|Mandatum (company)|fi|Mandatum-konserni|lt=Mandatum}} & Co, which soon became the leading advisor of mergers and acquisitions in Scandinavia.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Aaltonen |first=Riikka |date=2023-10-08 |title=Björn Wahlroos oli 1990-luvulla oikeassa paikassa oikeaan aikaan, ja se teki hänestä superrikkaan – Yhtä asiaa hän kuitenkin katuu |url=https://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/bjorn-wahlroos-oli-1990-luvulla-oikeassa-paikassa-oikeaan-aikaan-ja-se-teki-hanesta-superrikkaan-yhta-asiaa-han-kuitenkin-katuu/3e1a16c3-e3b1-4966-8a93-6ff6b5eaa9ba |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Talouselämä |language=fi}}</ref> Through a merger with Interbank in 1998, Mandatum was listed on the [[Helsinki Stock Exchange]].<ref name=":5" />
-In 2000 Wahlroos merged his banking group into [[Danske Bank|Sampo-Leonia]] and took over as President and CEO of the combined company, also becoming its biggest private shareholder. In 2009 Wahlroos resigned as CEO and was elected Chairman of Sampo plc, holding company of [[Sampo Group]], which by then had become the biggest insurer in Northern Europe and also the main shareholder of [[Nordea]], the region's largest bank. In March 2011 he was elected as the Chairman of Nordea.
+In 2000, Wahlroos merged his banking group into [[Danske Bank|Sampo-Leonia]] and took over as president and CEO of the combined company, also becoming its biggest private shareholder.<ref name=":5" /> In 2009, Wahlroos resigned as CEO and was elected Chairman of Sampo plc, holding company of [[Sampo Group]], which by then had become the biggest insurer in Northern Europe and also the main shareholder of [[Nordea]], the region's largest bank.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-17 |title=Wahlroos väistyi Sammon johdosta, Mandatum lohkaistaan itsenäiseksi yhtiöksi |url=https://www.ess.fi/uutissuomalainen/5938768 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Etelä-Suomen Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref> Between 2011 and 2019, he was chairman of the board of Nordea.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" />
-Wahlroos is also Chairman of the Board of [[UPM (company)|UPM-Kymmene]], the pulp and paper manufacturer.
+Wahlroos was also chairman of the Board of [[UPM (company)|UPM-Kymmene]], the pulp and paper manufacturer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Björn Wahlroos - Nordic Business Forum Helsinki 2021|url=https://www.nbforum.com/nbf2021/bjorn-wahlroos/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Nordic Business Forum|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
+In late 2022, Wahlroos transferred the ownership in his main investment companies, worth {{circa}} EUR 130 million, to his children, in preparation for his planned retirement from daily business activities.<ref name="hs22">{{cite news |title=Björn Wahlroos siirsi lapsilleen liki 130 miljoonan euron edestä omistuksiaan |url=https://www.hs.fi/talous/art-2000009266980.html |access-date=14 December 2022 |work=Helsingin Sanomat |date=14 December 2022 |language=fi}}</ref>
 == Politics ==
-While a student, Wahlroos was involved in left-wing politics. He was a member of Finlands Svenska Skolungdomsförbundet in 1969-1973 and communist revolutionary student association Sosialistiset taloustieteen opiskelijat in 1971-1973. He left extreme leftist politics in 1973. After this he has withdrawn from active party politics although he is a paying member of the [[Swedish People's Party of Finland|Swedish People's Party]]. He has nevertheless given public comments that give an indication of his thoughts.
+While a student, Wahlroos was involved in left-wing politics. He was a member of {{Lang|sv|Finlands Svenska Skolungdomsförbundet|italics=no}} in 1969–1973 and communist revolutionary student association {{Lang|fi|Sosialistiset taloustieteen opiskelijat|italics=no}} in 1971–1973.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-17 |title=Vasemmiston teinitähdestä Hankenin kommunistiksi |url=https://www.ku.fi/artikkeli/3050588-vasemmiston-teinitahdesta-hankenin-kommunistiksi |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=KU |language=fi}}</ref> He left extreme leftist politics in 1973.<ref name=":7" /> After this he has withdrawn from active party politics although he is a paying member of the [[Swedish People's Party of Finland|Swedish People's Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-09-16 |title=Björn Wahlroos pestautui RKP:lle |url=https://yle.fi/a/3-5852446 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}</ref> He has nevertheless given public comments that give an indication of his thoughts.
-In 2001, he declared himself in favour of a [[citizen's income]] in [[Finland]].<ref>http://www.lausti.com/newsviews/may2001/wahlroos.html</ref> "Basic security, in my mind, must never be threatened because it is an important part of human modern society", Wahlroos said in the Finnish newspaper Uutispäivä Demari, clearing way to negative income tax thinking. In March 2009 Wahlroos predicted that the economic recession would not endure for long, because the market corrects itself quickly. In March 2010, in an interview in Image magazine, he spoke of the need to cut Finnish development aid because "we have 50 years of money thrown into a bottomless well". In addition, he has criticized giving grants to university students because it, according to Wahlroos, "supports idleness", and regards agricultural and forestry research expenditures as excessive. In June 2010 Wahlroos told the [[Financial Times]] that Europe will have to reconsider the future of the [[Social market economy]] model, because people cannot be taxed in the future in the current fashion, and poverty and broken families are unsustainable. Wahlroos also believes that agricultural subsidies should be abolished throughout the world: "It is absurd that Finland is with one hand supporting the Zambian agribusiness and the other the EU common agricultural policy. (...) ...giving to developing countries at the same time ... when the EU is to abolish agricultural subsidies and open tariff barriers on agricultural products." At the same time he receives remarkable agricultural subsidies himself.
+In 2001, he declared himself in favour of a [[citizen's income]] in [[Finland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lausti.com/newsviews/may2001/wahlroos.html|title = Citizen's Income supported by top businessman}}</ref> "Basic security, in my mind, must never be threatened because it is an important part of human modern society", Wahlroos said in the Finnish newspaper {{Lang|fi|Uutispäivä Demari}}, clearing way to negative income tax thinking. In March 2009, Wahlroos predicted that the economic recession would not endure for long, because the market corrects itself quickly. In March 2010, in an interview in the ''[[Image (Finnish magazine)|Image]]'' magazine, he spoke of the need to cut Finnish [[development aid]] because "we have 50 years of money thrown into a bottomless well". In addition, he has criticized giving grants to university students because it, according to Wahlroos, "supports idleness", and regards agricultural and forestry research expenditures as excessive. In June 2010, Wahlroos told the ''[[Financial Times]]'' that Europe will have to reconsider the future of the [[social market economy]] model, because people cannot be taxed in the future in the current fashion, and poverty and broken families are unsustainable. Wahlroos also believes that agricultural subsidies should be abolished throughout the world: "It is absurd that Finland is with one hand supporting the Zambian [[agribusiness]] and the other the EU common agricultural policy. (...) ...giving to developing countries at the same time ... when the EU is to abolish agricultural subsidies and open tariff barriers on agricultural products." At the same time he receives remarkable agricultural subsidies himself.
-In 2015 Wahlroos published a book defending his laissez-faire economics viewpoint, "De tio sämsta ekonomiska teorierna. Från Keynes till Piketty" (The ten worst economic theories; From [[John Maynard Keynes|Keynes]] to [[Thomas Piketty|Piketty]]).<ref>Björn Wahlroos, "De tio sämsta ekonomiska teorierna. Från Keynes till Piketty", Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 2015, {{ISBN|9789100149000}}.</ref> In the book he argues, for instance, that stable economic development is difficult to implement in a democratic social system.
+In 2015, Wahlroos published a book defending his ''laissez-faire'' economics viewpoint, ''{{Lang|sv|De tio sämsta ekonomiska teorierna. Från}} Keynes {{Lang|sv|till}} {{Lang|fr|Piketty}}'' (The ten worst economic theories: From [[John Maynard Keynes|Keynes]] to [[Thomas Piketty|Piketty]]).<ref>Wahlroos, Björn: ''De tio sämsta ekonomiska teorierna: Från Keynes till Piketty.'' Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 2015. {{ISBN|978-91-0-014900-0}}.</ref> In the book he argues, for instance, that stable economic development is difficult to implement in a democratic social system.
 Wahlroos is a member of Libera, a foundation organized under [[Mont Pelerin Society]].
@@ Line 45: / Line 57: @@
 == Military ==
-In the [[Finnish Defence Forces]], Wahlroos holds the rank of [[Finnish military ranks|Major]] in the reserves.
+In the [[Finnish Defence Forces]], Wahlroos holds the rank of [[Finnish military ranks|major]] in the reserves.
-== Personal life ==
+== Books published ==
+* Wahlroos, Björn: ''Markkinat ja demokratia''. (Otava, 2012) {{ISBN|978-951-1-25176-7}}
-Wahlroos is married and has two adult children, Thomas and Nina. His son Thomas Wahlroos is well known in the European professional poker circuit and has won nearly 1.5 million dollars from tournament poker.
+* Wahlroos, Björn: ''Talouden kymmenen tuhoisinta ajatusta''. (Otava, 2015) {{ISBN|978-951-1-28592-2}}
+* Wahlroos, Björn: ''Kuinkas tässä näin kävi?'' (Otava, 2019) {{ISBN|978-951-1-35459-8}}
+* Wahlroos, Björn: ''Barrikaadeilta pankkimaailmaan'' (Otava, 2021) {{ISBN|978-951-1-41751-4}}
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
-==Sources==
+===Sources===
 *Personal data: [http://fi.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bj%C3%B6rn_Wahlroos&oldid=9272857 Corresponding article on the Finnish Wikipedia]
 ==External links==
+{{Commons category|Björn Wahlroos}}
 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070608032643/http://domino.sampo.fi/external/sbd/konserninew.nsf/vwNaviLevel1/9BE1B25E7375CAD6C2256CF5004D3202?opendocument&expand=1.1.3.3 Sampo Board of Directors]
-{{Authority control}}
-{{Commons category|Björn Wahlroos}}
 {{Basic income}}
+{{Portal bar|Biography|Business|Finland}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Wahlroos, Bjorn}}
@@ Line 70: / Line 85: @@
 [[Category:Businesspeople from Helsinki]]
 [[Category:Finnish bankers]]
+[[Category:Finnish expatriates in France]]
+[[Category:Finnish expatriates in Sweden]]
+[[Category:Academic staff of the Hanken School of Economics]]
+[[Category:Finnish chairpersons of corporations]]
+[[Category:Finnish investors]]

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