Poiana (genus): Difference between revisions

Poiana
	Central African oyan (Poiana richardsonii)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Viverridae
Subfamily:	Genettinae
Genus:	Poiana; Gray, 1865
Type species
	Genetta richardsonii;
Species
	Poiana leightoni; Poiana richardsonii;

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The African linsangs^[4] also known as oyans^[5] are two species classified in the mammalian subfamily Viverrinae, in the family Viverridae. There is one genus, Poiana.

The name linsang is from Javanese linsang or wlinsang, which used to be wrongly translated as "otter" in English dictionaries. Linsangs are nocturnal, generally solitary tree dwellers. They are carnivorous, eating squirrels and other rodents, small birds, lizards and insects. Typical size is a little over 30 cm (1 foot), with a tail that more than doubles that length. Bodies are long, with short legs, giving a low appearance. Both species have yellowish bodies with black markings (stripes, blotches and spots), though the distribution and nature of the markings varies between the two species.

Taxonomy

The genus Poiana was erected by John Edward Gray in a paper read at the 8 November 1864 meeting of the Zoological Society of London and published the following year, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London relating to 1864.^[1]^[6] In accordance with Article 8 of the ICZN Code, the correct author citation is "Gray, 1865".^[2]^[7]

Both linsang genera (Poiana and the Asian Prionodon) were formerly placed in the subfamily Viverrinae (of Viverridae), along with several other genera, but recent research suggests that their actual relationships may be somewhat different; a 2020 checklist places them instead in the subfamily Genettinae.^[2] The linsangs are remarkable for their morphological resemblance to cats, family Felidae, which is greater than in the other viverrids. As the relationship between linsangs and cats was thought to be rather distant (the two groups belonging to different families within the superfamily Feliformia), this was considered an example of convergent evolution. However, DNA analysis indicates that while the African linsangs (Poiana) are true viverrids closely related to the genets, the Asiatic linsangs (Prionodon) are not and may instead be the closest living relatives of the family Felidae.^[8] The similarities between Asiatic linsangs and cats are thus more likely to be due to common ancestry, while the similarities between the two genera of linsangs must be convergent.

The species of African linsangs are:

Poiana leightoni - West African oyan
Poiana richardsonii - Central African oyan

References

^ ^a ^b Gray, J. E. (1864). "A Revision of the Genera and Species of Viverrine Animals (Viverridae), founded on the Collection in the British Museum". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 502–579.
^ ^a ^b ^c Burgin, Connor J.; Wilson, Don. E.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; et al., eds. (2020). Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 2: Eulipotyphla to Carnivora. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 408. ISBN 978-84-16728-35-0.
^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ Don E. Wilson , Russell A. Mittermeier (editors): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, 2009. ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1
^ Dickinson, Edward C. (2005). "The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859–1900: an exploration of breaks between calendar years of publication". Journal of Zoology. 266 (4): 427–430. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007077.
^ "The Code Online". International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
^ Gaubert, P. and G. Veron (2003). Exhaustive sample set among Viverridae reveals the sister-group of felids: the linsangs as a case of extreme morphological convergence within Feliformia. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Biological Sciences 270: 2523–2530.

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[Gray-1] Gray, J. E. (1864). "A Revision of the Genera and Species of Viverrine Animals (Viverridae), founded on the Collection in the British Museum". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 502–579.

[ICMW-2] Burgin, Connor J.; Wilson, Don. E.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; et al., eds. (2020). Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 2: Eulipotyphla to Carnivora. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 408. ISBN 978-84-16728-35-0.

[3] Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[msw3-4] Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[5] Don E. Wilson , Russell A. Mittermeier (editors): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, 2009. ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1

[6] Dickinson, Edward C. (2005). "The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859–1900: an exploration of breaks between calendar years of publication". Journal of Zoology. 266 (4): 427–430. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007077.

[7] "The Code Online". International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Retrieved 7 July 2022.

[8] Gaubert, P. and G. Veron (2003). Exhaustive sample set among Viverridae reveals the sister-group of felids: the linsangs as a case of extreme morphological convergence within Feliformia. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Biological Sciences 270: 2523–2530.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of carnivores}}
-{{otheruses4|the genus of linsangs|the specific species|African Linsang}}
+{{Automatic taxobox
-{{Taxobox
+| image = Em - Poiana richardsonii 2.jpg
-| name = African linsangs<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Wozencraft | id=14000412}}</ref>
+| image_caption = [[Central African oyan]] (''Poiana richardsonii'')
-| image =
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| taxon = Poiana
+| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1865<ref name="Gray"/><ref name="ICMW"/>
-| phylum = [[Chordata]]
+| type_species = ''[[Central African oyan|Genetta richardsonii]]''<ref>{{MSW3|id=14000412}}</ref>
-| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
-| ordo = [[Carnivora]]
-| familia = [[Viverridae]]
-| subfamilia = [[Viverrinae]]
-| genus = '''''Poiana'''''
-| genus_authority = [[John edward Gray|Gray]], 1864
 | subdivision_ranks = Species
 | subdivision =
 *''[[Poiana leightoni]]''
 *''[[Poiana richardsonii]]''
 }}
-The '''African linsangs''' also known as '''Oyans'''<ref> Don E. Wilson , Russell A. Mittermeier (editors): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, 2009. ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1</ref> are two species classified in the [[mammal]]ian [[subfamily (biology)|subfamily]] [[Viverrinae]], in the family [[Viverridae]]. There is one genus, '''''Poiana'''''.
+The '''African linsangs'''<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Wozencraft | id=14000412}}</ref> also known as '''oyans'''<ref>Don E. Wilson , Russell A. Mittermeier (editors): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, 2009. {{ISBN|978-84-96553-49-1}}</ref> are two species classified in the [[mammal]]ian [[subfamily (biology)|subfamily]] [[Viverrinae]], in the family [[Viverridae]]. There is one genus, '''''Poiana'''''.
+The name ''linsang'' is from [[Javanese language|Javanese]] ''linsang'' or ''wlinsang'', which used to be wrongly translated as "[[otter]]" in English dictionaries. Linsangs are nocturnal, generally solitary tree dwellers. They are carnivorous, eating squirrels and other rodents, small birds, lizards and insects. Typical size is a little over 30&nbsp;cm (1 foot), with a tail that more than doubles that length. Bodies are long, with short legs, giving a low appearance. Both species have yellowish bodies with black markings (stripes, blotches and spots), though the distribution and nature of the markings varies between the two species.
-Both [[linsang]] genera  (''Poiana'' and the Asian ''[[Prionodon]]'') formerly were placed in the subfamily [[Viverrinae]] (of Viverridae), along with several other genera, but recent research suggests that their actual relationships may be somewhat different. The linsangs are remarkable for their morphological resemblance to [[cat]]s, family [[Felidae]], which is greater than in the other viverrids. As the relationship between linsangs and cats was thought to be rather distant (the two groups belonging to different families within the superfamily [[Feliformia]]), this was considered an example of [[convergent evolution]]. However, DNA analysis indicates that while the African linsangs (''Poiana'') are true viverrids closely related to the [[Genet (animal)|genet]]s, the Asiatic linsangs (''Prionodon'') are not and may instead be the closest living relatives of the [[Felidae]] family.<ref>http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/sgs/mvpsg/pdf/Biblio/Gaubert_Veron_2003.pdf</ref> The similarities between Asiatic linsangs and cats are thus more likely to be due to common ancestry, while the similarities between the two genera of linsangs must be convergent.
+==Taxonomy==
-The name ''linsang'' is from [[Javanese language|Javanese]] ''linsang'' or ''wlinsang'', which used to be wrongly translated as "[[otter]]" in English dictionaries. Linsangs are nocturnal, generally solitary tree dwellers. They are carnivorous, eating squirrels and other rodents, small birds, lizards and insects. Typical size is a little over 30cm (1 foot), with a tail that more than doubles that length. Bodies are long, with short legs, giving a low appearance. All species have yellowish bodies with black markings (stripes, blotches and spots), though the distribution and nature of the markings varies between species.
+The genus ''Poiana'' was erected by [[John Edward Gray]] in a paper read at the 8 November 1864 meeting of the [[Zoological Society of London]] and published the following year, in the ''[[Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London]]'' relating to 1864.<ref name="Gray">{{cite journal |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28500835 |title=A Revision of the Genera and Species of Viverrine Animals (Viverridae), founded on the Collection in the British Museum |author=[[John Edward Gray|Gray, J. E.]] |journal=[[Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London]] |date=1864 |pages=502–579}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229992363 |title=The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859–1900: an exploration of breaks between calendar years of publication |author=[[Edward C. Dickinson|Dickinson, Edward C.]] |journal=[[Journal of Zoology]] |year=2005 |volume=266 |issue=4 |pages=427–430 |doi=10.1017/S0952836905007077}}</ref> In accordance with Article 8 of the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|ICZN]] [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature|Code]], the correct [[Author citation (zoology)|author citation]] is "Gray, 1865".<ref name="ICMW">{{cite book |title=[[Handbook of the Mammals of the World#Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World Volume 1 and 2|Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World]] |editor1=Burgin, Connor J. |editor2=[[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, Don. E.]] |editor3=[[Russell Mittermeier|Mittermeier, Russell A.]] |editor4=Anthony B. Rylands |display-editors=3 |volume=2: Eulipotyphla to Carnivora |publisher=[[Lynx Edicions]] |place=Barcelona |year=2020 |page=408 |isbn=978-84-16728-35-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/ |title=The Code Online |publisher=[[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]] |access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>
+Both [[linsang]] genera (''Poiana'' and the Asian ''[[Prionodon]]'') were formerly placed in the subfamily [[Viverrinae]] (of Viverridae), along with several other genera, but recent research suggests that their actual relationships may be somewhat different; a 2020 checklist places them instead in the subfamily [[Genettinae]].<ref name="ICMW"/> The linsangs are remarkable for their morphological resemblance to [[cat]]s, family [[Felidae]], which is greater than in the other viverrids. As the relationship between linsangs and cats was thought to be rather distant (the two groups belonging to different families within the superfamily [[Feliformia]]), this was considered an example of [[convergent evolution]]. However, DNA analysis indicates that while the African linsangs (''Poiana'') are true viverrids closely related to the [[Genet (animal)|genets]], the Asiatic linsangs (''Prionodon'') are not and may instead be the closest living relatives of the family [[Felidae]].<ref>Gaubert, P.  and G. Veron (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050302185702/http://iucn.org/themes/ssc/sgs/mvpsg/pdf/Biblio/Gaubert_Veron_2003.pdf Exhaustive sample set among Viverridae reveals the sister-group of felids: the linsangs as a case of extreme morphological convergence within Feliformia.] Proceedings of the Royal Society London Biological Sciences 270: 2523–2530.</ref> The similarities between Asiatic linsangs and cats are thus more likely to be due to common ancestry, while the similarities between the two genera of linsangs must be convergent.
 The species of African linsangs are:
-*''Poiana leightoni'' - [[Leighton's Linsang]]
+*''Poiana leightoni'' - [[West African oyan]]
-*''Poiana richardsonii'' - [[African Linsang]]
+*''Poiana richardsonii'' - [[Central African oyan]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 {{Carnivora|V.}}
+{{Feliformia|F.|state=collapsed}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q11846972}}
 [[Category:Viverrids]]
-[[Category:Mammals of Africa]]
+[[Category:Mammals of Africa| ]]
+[[Category:Carnivorans of Africa| ]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]
-{{carnivora-stub}}
+{{carnivora-stub}}
-[[de:Pojanas]]
-[[sv:Afrikanska linsanger]]