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Carbon arc welding (CAW) is an arc welding process which produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a non-consumable carbon (graphite) electrode and the work-piece. It was the first arc-welding process developed but is not used for many applications today, having been replaced by twin-carbon-arc welding and other variations. The purpose of arc welding is to form a bond between separate metal pieces. In carbon-arc welding a carbon electrode is used to produce an electric arc between the electrode and the materials being bonded. This arc produces temperatures in excess of 3,000 °C. At this temperature the separate metals form a bond and become welded together.

Development

CAW could not have been created if not for the discovery of the electric arc by Humphry Davy in 1800, later repeated independently by a Russian physicist Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov in 1802. Petrov studied the electric arc and proposed its possible uses, including welding.

The inventors of carbon-arc welding were Nikolay Benardos and Stanisław Olszewski, who developed this method in 1881 and patented it later under the name Elektrogefest ("Electric Hephaestus").^[1]^[2]

Variations

Twin carbon arc welding (TCAW) in which the arc is established between two carbon electrodes
Gas carbon arc welding (CAW-G) no longer has commercial significance. Other processes that use shielding gases have also replaced carbon-arc welding such as tungsten-arc welding (GTAW, or TIG), plasma-arc welding (PAW), and atomic-hydrogen welding (AHAW). Each of these processes, including carbon-arc welding, use a nonconsumable electrode.^{[citation needed]} A filler metal is generally used to aid the bond in the workpieces.

References

Welding handbook Volume 2, eighth edition. Library of Congress number: 90-085465 copyright 1991 by American Welding Society

^ Nikołaj Benardos, Stanisław Olszewski, "Process of and apparatus for working metals by the direct application of the electric current" patent nr 363 320, Washington, United States Patent Office, 17 May 1887.
^ "80 lat Przeglądu Spawalnictwa" [80 Years of the Welding Review]. Przegląd Spawalnictwa (in Polish) (10). Warszawa: 3–9. 2008. ISSN 0033-2364.

[1] Nikołaj Benardos, Stanisław Olszewski, "Process of and apparatus for working metals by the direct application of the electric current" patent nr 363 320, Washington, United States Patent Office, 17 May 1887.

[2] "80 lat Przeglądu Spawalnictwa" [80 Years of the Welding Review]. Przegląd Spawalnictwa (in Polish) (10). Warszawa: 3–9. 2008. ISSN 0033-2364.

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+{{Short description|Arc welding process}}
-'''Carbon-[[arc welding]]''' ('''CAW''') is a process which produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a nonconsumable [[carbon]] ([[graphite]]) [[electrode]] and the work-piece.  It was the first arc-welding process ever developed but  is not used for many applications today, having been replaced by [[twin-carbon-arc welding]] and other variations. The purpose of arc welding is to form a bond between separate metals.  In carbon-arc welding a carbon electrode is used to produce an electric arc between the electrode and the materials being bonded.  This arc produces extreme temperatures in excess of 3,000°C.  At this temperature the separate metals form a bond and become welded together.
+'''Carbon arc welding''' ('''CAW''') is an [[arc welding]] process which produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a non-consumable [[carbon]] ([[graphite]]) [[electrode]] and the work-piece.  It was the first arc-welding process developed but is not used for many applications today, having been replaced by [[twin-carbon-arc welding]] and other variations.  The purpose of arc welding is to form a bond between separate metal pieces.  In carbon-arc welding a carbon electrode is used to produce an electric arc between the electrode and the materials being bonded.  This arc produces temperatures in excess of 3,000&nbsp;°C.  At this temperature the separate metals form a bond and become welded together.
 == Development ==
-{{main|Arc welding#Development}}
+{{main|Arc welding#History}}
-[[File:Patent Electrogefest.jpg|thumb|right|The patent for the [[arc welding]] method named ''Elektrogefest'' ("[[Electric]] [[Hephaestus]]") granted to Bernardos and his sponsor Olshevsky in 1887]]
+[[File:Patent Electrogefest.jpg|thumb|right|The patent for the [[arc welding]] method named ''Elektrogefest'' ("[[Electric]] [[Hephaestus]]") granted to [[Nikolay Benardos|Nicholas de Bernardos]] and [[Stanisław Olszewski]] in 1887]]
-CAW could not have been created if not for the discovery of the [[electric arc]] by [[Sir Humphry Davy]] in 1800, later repeated independently by a Russian physicist [[Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov]] in 1802. Petrov studied electric arc and proposed its possible ways of usage, including for [[welding]].
+CAW could not have been created if not for the discovery of the [[electric arc]] by [[Humphry Davy]] in 1800, later repeated independently by a Russian physicist [[Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov]] in 1802. Petrov studied the electric arc and proposed its possible uses, including [[welding]].
-The inventor of carbon-arc welding was another Russian, [[Nikolay Benardos]], who developed this method in 1881 and patented it later under the name ''Elektrogefest'' ("[[Electric]] [[Hephaestus]]").
+The inventors of carbon-arc welding were [[Nikolay Benardos]] and [[Stanisław Olszewski]], who developed this method in 1881 and patented it later under the name ''Elektrogefest'' ("[[Electric]] [[Hephaestus]]").<ref>Nikołaj Benardos, Stanisław Olszewski, "Process of and apparatus for working metals by the direct application of the electric current" patent nr 363 320, Washington, United States Patent Office, 17 May 1887.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=80 lat Przeglądu Spawalnictwa |language=pl |journal=Przegląd Spawalnictwa |location=Warszawa|trans-title=80 Years of the ''Welding Review'' |year=2008 | issue=10 |issn=0033-2364|pages=3–9}}</ref>
 == Variations ==
-* [[Twin-carbon-arc welding]] ('''TCAW''') in which the arc is established between two carbon electrodes
+* [[Twin carbon arc welding]] ('''TCAW''') in which the arc is established between two carbon electrodes
-* Gas–carbon-arc welding ('''CAW-G''') no longer has commercial significance.  Other processes that use shielding gases have also replaced carbon-arc welding such as ''tungsten-arc welding'' (GTAW, or TIG), ''plasma-arc welding'' (PAW), and ''atomic-hydrogen welding'' (AHAW).  Each of these processes, including carbon-arc welding, use a nonconsumable electrode.  A filler metal is generally used to aid the bond in the workpieces.
+* Gas carbon arc welding ('''CAW-G''') no longer has commercial significance.  Other processes that use shielding gases have also replaced carbon-arc welding such as ''tungsten-arc welding'' (GTAW, or TIG), ''plasma-arc welding'' (PAW), and ''atomic-hydrogen welding'' (AHAW).  Each of these processes, including carbon-arc welding, use a nonconsumable electrode.{{Citation needed|date=September 2016}}  A filler metal is generally used to aid the bond in the workpieces.
-(Picture provided by Answers.com, http://www.answers.com/topic/carbon-arc-welding?cat=technology)<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:carbon-arc-diagram.jpg]] -->
 == References ==
 * ''Welding handbook Volume 2, eighth edition.''  Library of Congress number: 90-085465  copyright 1991 by American Welding Society
+{{Reflist}}
+{{Metalworking navbox|weldopen}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
-== External links ==
-* [http://www.aws.org/ The American Welding Society]
-* [http://www.weldinginspectionsvcs.com/WeldingProcessNames.htm Commonly Used Welding Processes and their Abbreviation] &ndash; Welding Inspection Services website
-* [http://www.cwa-acs.org Canadian Welding Association]
-* [http://www.twi.co.uk/ The Welding Institute]
-* [http://www.keytometals.com/page.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&site=kts&NM=75 Welding Process] &ndash; Key to Steel (Online steel properties database)
-{{Metalworking navbox|weldopen}}
 [[Category:Arc welding]]