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Infobox: Euroflag replaced Fima in mid-1989. Wikilinked Future Large Aircraft. →References: FT 1989.06.07 article. →Sources: Applied smaller font rendering.
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| traded_as =
| traded_as =
| ISIN =
| ISIN =
| ISIN2 =
| industry = Aerospace
| industry = Aerospace
| genre =
| genre =
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|[[Airbus Military]]
|[[Airbus Military]]
|[[Airbus Defence and Space]]}}
|[[Airbus Defence and Space]]}}
| founded = <!-- if known: {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} in [[city]], state, country -->Mid-1989<ref name="FT19890607">{{cite news |issn=0307-1766 |work=[[Financial Times]] |title=Airbus to develop 'stretched' A-320 |url=https://archive.org/details/FinancialTimes1989UKEnglish/Jun%2007%201989%2C%20Financial%20Times%2C%20%2330862%2C%20UK%20%28en%29/page/n25 |page=26 |given=Paul |surname=Betts |publication-date=7 June 1989}}</ref>
| founded = <!-- if known: {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} in [[city]], state, country -->Mid-1989<ref name="FT19890607">{{cite news |issn=0307-1766 |work=[[Financial Times]] |title=Airbus to develop 'stretched' A-320 |url=https://archive.org/details/FinancialTimes1989UKEnglish/Jun%2007%201989%2C%20Financial%20Times%2C%20%2330862%2C%20UK%20%28en%29/page/n25 |page=26 |given=Paul |surname=Betts |publication-date=7 June 1989 |number=30862}}</ref>
| founder = <!-- or: | founders = -->
| founder = <!-- or: | founders = -->
| defunct={{End date|1999|01|}}{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
| defunct={{End date|1999|01|}}{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}
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==History==
==History==
===Origins===
===Origins===
The project began as the '''Future International Military Airlifter''' (FIMA) group. A [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) was set up on December 16, 1982 by [[Aérospatiale]], [[British Aerospace]], [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] and [[Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm]] to develop a replacement for the [[C-130 Hercules]] and [[C-160 Transall]]. Varying requirements and the complications of international politics caused slow progress. In 1987, [[Aeritalia]] (predecessor of [[Alenia Aeronautica]]) and [[Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]] (CASA) joined the FIMA group. By May 1989, Lockheed was deep into the planning of a second-generation C-130 (eventually unveiled as the [[C-130J Super Hercules]]) that would become a competitor to a FIMA aircraft, so FIMA was disbanded.<ref name="AKN-SLV"/>
The project began as the '''Future International Military Airlifter''' (FIMA) group. A [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) was set up on 16 December 1982 by France's [[Aérospatiale]], [[British Aerospace]], [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] of the United States, and [[West Germany]]'s [[Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm]] to develop a replacement for the [[C-130 Hercules]] and [[C-160 Transall]]. Varying requirements and the complications of international politics caused slow progress.<ref name="AKN-SLV"/> A new FIMA agreement was created with the four original participants and new members [[Aeritalia]] (predecessor of Italy's [[Alenia Aeronautica]]) and Spain's [[Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]] (CASA) on 3 December 1987, which was the expiration date of the original FIMA agreement.{{R|"JPRS-WER-88-031"|p=[https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA347603.pdf#page=38 35]}} By May 1989, Lockheed was deep into the planning of a second-generation C-130 that would become a competitor to a FIMA aircraft{{R|"AKN-SLV"|p=[{{GBurl|uuR5yBwvhsQC|p=114}} 114]}} (the [[C-130J Super Hercules]]) despite having invested over US$60 million in FIMA-related studies.<ref name="Oxford19890612"/> On 6 June 1989, Aérospatiale announced that the five European members had formed Euroflag to replace FIMA, and that Lockheed was no longer a participant to create the new military transport because the other members did not want to commit to a specific American partner yet.<ref name="FT19890607"/>


===Formation===
===Formation===
Line 79: Line 78:


===Succession===
===Succession===
1995 saw the FLA military transport project in charge of requirement-definition and selection processes with [[Airbus Military]] eventually taking over the project.{{sfnp|2015|Nini|Kübler|p=15}}
1995 saw the FLA military transport project in charge of requirement-definition and selection processes with [[Airbus Military]] eventually taking over the project.{{sfnp|Nini|Kübler|2013|p=15}}


==Participants==
==Participants==
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<ref name="AKN-SLV">{{cite book|section-url={{GBurl|uuR5yBwvhsQC|p=105}}|title=Future Aeronautical and Space Systems|section=III. European Future Large Aircraft|year=1997|given=Derek K.|surname=Empson|editor1-given=Ahmed Khairy |editor1-surname=Noor |editor2-given=Samuel L. |editor2-surname=Venneri|pages=105–116|isbn=9781600864254}}</ref>
<ref name="AKN-SLV">{{cite book|section-url={{GBurl|uuR5yBwvhsQC|p=105}}|title=Future Aeronautical and Space Systems|section=III. European Future Large Aircraft|year=1997|given=Derek K.|surname=Empson|editor1-given=Ahmed Khairy |editor1-surname=Noor |editor2-given=Samuel L. |editor2-surname=Venneri|pages=105–116|isbn=9781600864254}}</ref>
<ref name="FI19931006">{{cite magazine|magazine=Flight International|date=6 October 1993|access-date=22 September 2019|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%202415.html|pages=42–43|title=Euroflag|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231230627/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%202415.html|archive-date=31 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="FI19931006">{{cite magazine|magazine=Flight International|date=6 October 1993|access-date=22 September 2019|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%202415.html|pages=42–43|title=Euroflag|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231230627/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%202415.html|archive-date=31 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Oxford19890612">{{cite news |issn=0142-6540 |work=Oxford Analytica Daily Brief Service |title=Western Europe: Military aerospace |publication-date=12 June 1989 |id={{ProQuest|192418314}}}}</ref>
<ref name="JPRS-WER-88-031">{{cite news |work=West Europe |series=JPRS report |title=Current, projected military aircraft programs reviewed |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA347603.pdf#page=35 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601072152/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA347603.pdf#page=35 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 June 2022 |pages=32–39 |publication-date=23 June 1988 |date=May 1988 |agency=Wehrtechnik |location=Bonn, West Germany |department=Military: Federal Republic of Germany |translator=[[Foreign Broadcast Information Service]] (FBIS) |volume=JPRS-WER-88-031}}</ref>
}}
}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite news |issn=0307-1766 |work=[[Financial Times]] |title=Lockheed sets new sights on Europe: US company signs long-term deal with Aerospatiale |url=https://archive.org/details/FinancialTimes1989UKEnglish/Jun%2013%201989%2C%20Financial%20Times%2C%20%2330867%2C%20UK%20%28en%29/page/n7 |department=World trade news |page=8 |given=Paul |surname=Betts |publication-date=13 June 1989 |number=30867}}
* {{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] |title=European companies restructure FIMA transport team |url=https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19890612 |url-access=subscription |department=Paris Air Show 1989 |publication-date=12 June 1989 |page=66}}
* {{cite report|title=Are large projects in the aerospace and armaments industries still manageable?|date=January 2013|work=Cooperational Excellence|chapter=3. Between Requirement and Reality: déjà-vu A400M|first1=Markus|last1=Nini|first2=Klaus|last2=Kübler|chapter-url=https://www.ckju.net/sites/default/files/research/report-01-13-web-en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922085726/https://www.ckju.net/sites/default/files/research/report-01-13-web-en.pdf|archivedate=22 September 2019}}
* {{cite report|title=Are large projects in the aerospace and armaments industries still manageable?|date=January 2013|work=Cooperational Excellence|chapter=3. Between Requirement and Reality: déjà-vu A400M|first1=Markus|last1=Nini|first2=Klaus|last2=Kübler|chapter-url=https://www.ckju.net/sites/default/files/research/report-01-13-web-en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922085726/https://www.ckju.net/sites/default/files/research/report-01-13-web-en.pdf|archivedate=22 September 2019}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

Latest revision as of 16:54, 12 July 2024

This article is about the group of companies. For the flag, see European flag.

Euroflag
IndustryAerospace
PredecessorFIMA
FoundedMid-1989[1]
DefunctJanuary 1999 (1999-01)[citation needed]
Successor
Headquarters
Rome
,
Italy
ProductsFuture Large Aircraft

Euroflag was a collaboration of European aerospace companies formed for the development of the Future Large Aircraft project which was eventually to result in the Airbus A400M Atlas. Development eventually moved under the stewardship of Airbus Defence and Space.

History

[edit]

Origins

[edit]

The project began as the Future International Military Airlifter (FIMA) group. A memorandum of understanding (MoU) was set up on 16 December 1982 by France's Aérospatiale, British Aerospace, Lockheed of the United States, and West Germany's Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm to develop a replacement for the C-130 Hercules and C-160 Transall. Varying requirements and the complications of international politics caused slow progress.[2] A new FIMA agreement was created with the four original participants and new members Aeritalia (predecessor of Italy's Alenia Aeronautica) and Spain's Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) on 3 December 1987, which was the expiration date of the original FIMA agreement.[3]: 35  By May 1989, Lockheed was deep into the planning of a second-generation C-130 that would become a competitor to a FIMA aircraft[2]: 114  (the C-130J Super Hercules) despite having invested over US$60 million in FIMA-related studies.[4] On 6 June 1989, Aérospatiale announced that the five European members had formed Euroflag to replace FIMA, and that Lockheed was no longer a participant to create the new military transport because the other members did not want to commit to a specific American partner yet.[1]

Formation

[edit]

In July 1991 with the addition of Alenia Aeronautica, CASA, OGMA, and TAI of Turkey the Future International Military Airlifter group became Euroflag, European future large aircraft group.[5][6] a joint-venture company based in Rome.[7]

Succession

[edit]

1995 saw the FLA military transport project in charge of requirement-definition and selection processes with Airbus Military eventually taking over the project.[8]

Participants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Betts, Paul (7 June 1989). "Airbus to develop 'stretched' A-320". Financial Times. No. 30862. p. 26. ISSN 0307-1766.
  2. ^ a b Empson, Derek K. (1997). "III. European Future Large Aircraft". In Noor, Ahmed Khairy; Venneri, Samuel L. (eds.). Future Aeronautical and Space Systems. pp. 105–116. ISBN 9781600864254.
  3. ^ "Current, projected military aircraft programs reviewed" (PDF). Military: Federal Republic of Germany. West Europe. JPRS report. Vol. JPRS-WER-88-031. Translated by Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS). Bonn, West Germany (published 23 June 1988). Wehrtechnik. May 1988. pp. 32–39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2022.
  4. ^ "Western Europe: Military aerospace". Oxford Analytica Daily Brief Service. 12 June 1989. ISSN 0142-6540. ProQuest 192418314.
  5. ^ Díez, López; Tornell, Asenjo (3 October 2018). "A400M aircraft. Design Requirements & Conceptual Definition" (PDF). Airbus. Historical background of A400M (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2019.
  6. ^ "About the Atlas (A400M)". Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  7. ^ "Euroflag". Flight International. 6 October 1993. pp. 42–43. Archived from the original on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  8. ^ Nini & Kübler (2013), p. 15.

Sources

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Euroflag&oldid=1234110756"