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Coordinates: 51°24′07″N 0°52′34″W / 51.402°N 0.876°W / 51.402; -0.876
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|os_grid_reference= SU7867
|os_grid_reference= SU7867
|population= 3511
|population= 3511
|population_ref= ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do;jsessionid=ac1f930b30d62f0ac7b1dcc64bdca66ca0ace8d5eb19?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790314 |title=Area selected: Wokingham (Unitary Authority) |work=Neighbourhood Statistics: Full Dataset View |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |accessdate=17 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622120833/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do;jsessionid=ac1f930b30d62f0ac7b1dcc64bdca66ca0ace8d5eb19?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790314 |archive-date=22 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br> 3,348 (2011 Census)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11120368&c=Barkham&d=16&e=62&g=6398649&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1480589291486&enc=1|title=Civil Parish population 2011|accessdate=1 December 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref>
|population_ref= ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do;jsessionid=ac1f930b30d62f0ac7b1dcc64bdca66ca0ace8d5eb19?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790314 |title=Area selected: Wokingham (Unitary Authority) |work=Neighbourhood Statistics: Full Dataset View |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |access-date=17 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622120833/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do;jsessionid=ac1f930b30d62f0ac7b1dcc64bdca66ca0ace8d5eb19?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790314 |archive-date=22 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br> 3,348 (2011 Census)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11120368&c=Barkham&d=16&e=62&g=6398649&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1480589291486&enc=1|title=Civil Parish population 2011|access-date=1 December 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref>
|civil_parish= Barkham
|civil_parish= Barkham
|unitary_england= [[Borough of Wokingham|Wokingham]]
|unitary_england= [[Borough of Wokingham|Wokingham]]
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}}
}}


'''Barkham''' is a village and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[borough of Wokingham]] in [[Berkshire]], England, located around {{convert|2|mi|1}} southwest of the town of [[Wokingham]].
'''Barkham''' is a village and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[borough of Wokingham]] in [[Berkshire]], [[England]], located around {{convert|2|mi|1}} southwest of the town of [[Wokingham]].


==Geography==
== History ==
Barkham dates back to 951, when a Saxon thane gave ''Bloreham'' to the monks of [[Abingdon Abbey]]. In Saxon times, it passed from the rule of the Abbey, and during the time of [[Edward the Confessor|King Edward the Confessor]], it was owned by a Saxon thane named Ælmer. After the Conquest, it was taken possession of by [[William the Conqueror]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Berkshire Federation of Women's Institutes |title=The Berkshire Book |date=1939 |publisher=The Berkshire Federation of Women's Institutes |year=1939 |location=Watlington House, Reading, Berks. |publication-date=1939 |pages=16-17}}</ref>
The old part of Barkham is the small settlement by the [[parish church]] at {{gbmapping|SU781666}} and close to Barkham Street. However most of the population lives in the north-east of the parish, around the post office, or in the [[Arborfield Garrison]], which is largely in Barkham. It is a rural parish, mostly consisting of dairy farmland and woods, despite being surrounded by the town of [[Wokingham]] and the large villages of [[Winnersh]], [[Arborfield Cross]] and [[Finchampstead]].


In 1630 and 1655, the inhabitants petitioned the constable of [[Windsor Castle]] against enclosures made by Richard Arrowsmith who, under licence from [[James VI and I|James I]], had built a hunting lodge and formed a deer park at Bear Wood. This would later become Barkham Manor.<ref name=":0" />
==Manor==
[[File:Barkham Manor.jpg|thumb|left|255px|Barkham Manor house in winter]]
The [[Toponymy|toponym]] "Barkham" is derived from the [[Old English]] ''bercheham''<ref name=Page>{{harvnb|Ditchfield|Page|1923|pp=238–241}}</ref> meaning "birch home" referring to the birch trees on the edge of [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]] Forest.<ref name=rbh>{{cite web |url=http://www.berkshirehistory.com/villages/barkham.html |title=Barkham |last=Ford |first=David Nash |year=2004 |work=Royal Berkshire History |publisher=Nash Ford Publishing |accessdate=11 December 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101101150623/http://www.berkshirehistory.com/villages/barkham.html| archivedate= 1 November 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|url-status = live}}</ref> The name evolved ''via'' forms including ''Berkham''' in the 14th century and ''Barcombe'' in the 18th century.<ref name=Page/>


John de Barkham held the fee under Henry de Early. He forfeited about 1249, but was restored before 1253, when Jon, the son of Robert de Barkham, levied a fine of lands in Barkham. In 1335, the lands passed to the Bullock family, who held it until the end of the 16th century.<ref name=":0" />
In King [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'s reign the income from Barkham [[Manorialism|Manor]] helped to pay for the rebuilding of [[Windsor Castle]] and, not long afterwards, timber from Barkham was sent to make the roof of [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name=rbh/>


==Geography==
For many centuries the [[manor house]] was a secondary home of the Bullock family.<ref name=rbh/> The Bull Inn [[public house]] in Barkham is named in reference to their surname.<ref name=rbh/> The Bullocks had inherited the manor from the family of William Neville, a 13th-century valet to Saint [[Thomas Cantilupe]], the [[Bishop of Hereford]] and [[Chancellor of England]], from whom the manor was originally bought.<ref name=rbh/>
The old part of Barkham is the small settlement by the [[parish church]] and is close to Barkham Street. However most of the population lives in the north-east of the [[parish]], around the [[post office]], or in the [[Arborfield Garrison]], which is largely in Barkham. It is a rural parish, mostly consisting of dairy farmland and woods, despite being surrounded by the town of [[Wokingham]] and the large villages of [[Winnersh]], [[Arborfield Cross]] and [[Finchampstead]].


==Etymology==
The manor passed by marriage and inheritance through the Standen, Waterman, Kingsmill and Pitt families. In about 1783, the manor was purchased by Lady Mary Tufton, the third wife of [[John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower]], and became the property of the Leveson-Gower family.<ref name=Page/> The present [[manor house]] is a late 18th-century<ref name=Page/> [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] building of two wings of differing dates.<ref name=Pevsner>{{harvnb|Pevsner|1966|p=75}}</ref> Barkham had two [[moat]]ed farm-houses.<ref name=Page/> One of these survives, having been divided into two cottages.<ref name=Page/>
[[File:Barkham Manor.jpg|thumb|right|255px|Barkham Manor house in winter]]
The [[Toponymy|toponym]] "Barkham" is derived from the [[Old English]] ''bercheham''<ref name=Page>{{harvnb|Ditchfield|Page|1923|pp=238–241}}</ref> meaning "[[birch]] home" referring to the birch trees on the edge of [[Windsor Great Park]].<ref name=rbh>{{cite web |url=http://www.berkshirehistory.com/villages/barkham.html |title=Barkham |last=Ford |first=David Nash |year=2004 |work=Royal Berkshire History |publisher=Nash Ford Publishing |access-date=11 December 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101101150623/http://www.berkshirehistory.com/villages/barkham.html| archive-date= 1 November 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|url-status = live}}</ref> The name evolved ''via'' forms including ''Berkham'' in the 14th century and ''Barcombe'' in the 18th century.<ref name=Page/>


==Parish church==
== Manor ==
In King [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'s reign the income from Barkham [[Manor house|Manor]] helped to pay for the rebuilding of [[Windsor Castle]] and, not long afterwards, timber from Barkham was sent to make the roof of [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name="rbh" />
The earliest known record of the [[Church of England parish church]] of [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James]]<ref>[http://www.abch.org.uk/index.php?zonename=barkham930 Arborfield and Barkham Churches]</ref> dates from 1220.<ref name=Page/> However, the present church building was built in 1860–61<ref name=Pevsner/> or 1862.<ref name=Page/> It was designed in a 13th-century [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style<ref name=Page/> by the architects [[John Clacy|J.B. Clacy]] and Son<ref name=Pevsner/> of Reading.<ref>{{Cite book |editor1-last=Brodie |editor1-first=Antonia |editor2-last=Felstead |editor2-first=Alison |editor3-last=Franklin |editor3-first=Jonathan |editor4-last=Pinfield |editor4-first=Leslie |editor5-first=Jane|editor5-last=Oldfield|title=Directory of British Architects 1834–1914, A–K |year=2001 |publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group|Continuum]] |location=London & New York |isbn=0-8264-5513-1 |page=375}}</ref> The chancel and transepts were added<ref name=Pevsner/> or rebuilt<ref name=Page/> in 1887. The building retains two features from the earlier church: a late 13th-century wooden memorial effigy of a woman, and the late 18th-century [[baptismal font]].<ref name=Pevsner/>


For many centuries the [[manor house]] was a secondary home of the [[Bullock family|Bullock]] family.<ref name=rbh/> The Bull Inn [[public house]] in Barkham is named in reference to their surname.<ref name=rbh/> The Bullocks had inherited the manor from the family of [[William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent|William Neville]], a 13th-century valet to Saint [[Thomas Cantilupe]], the [[Bishop of Hereford]] and [[Chancellor of England]], from whom the manor was originally bought.<ref name=rbh/> The manor passed by marriage and inheritance through the Standen, Waterman, Kingsmill and Pitt families. In about 1783, the manor was purchased by the [[Mary, Countess of Harold|Dowager Countess Gower]], the third wife of [[John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower]], and became the property of the [[Leveson-Gower]] family.<ref name=Page/> The present manor house is a late 18th-century<ref name=Page/> [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] building of two wings of differing dates.<ref name=Pevsner>{{harvnb|Pevsner|1966|p=75}}</ref> Barkham had two [[moat]]ed farm-houses.<ref name=Page/> One of these survives, having been divided into two cottages.<ref name=Page/>
The bell-tower has a [[Change ringing|ring]] of four bells cast in 1863 by John Warner and Sons<ref>{{cite web |url= http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Barkham&DoveID=BARKHAM |title=Barkham S James |last=Davies |first=Peter |date=18 November 2006 |work=Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers |accessdate=17 July 2010}}</ref> of [[Cripplegate]] in the [[City of London]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/founders.php |title=Bell Founders |author=Dovemaster |date=31 October 2012 |work=Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers |accessdate=23 July 2013}}</ref>


==Parish church==
A number of members of the [[Leveson-Gower]] family are buried in the church, including Lady Mary Tufton, Countess Gower, widow of the first Earl Gower; her son [[John Leveson-Gower (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral John Leveson-Gower]] (d.1792); his son, General John Leveson-Gower and daughter-in-law Isabella Mary Leveson-Gower (née Broke); as well as his grandson, John Leveson-Gower (d.1883), with his wife Charlotte (d.1876), son Sackville (d.1874), and mother-in-law the Right Hon. Lady Harriet Mitchell (d.1855).<ref name="Page"/>
The earliest known record of the [[Church of England parish church]] of [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James]]<ref>[http://www.abch.org.uk/index.php?zonename=barkham930 Arborfield and Barkham Churches]</ref> dates from 1220.<ref name=Page/> The ancient church was pulled down in 1860<ref name=":0" /> and the present church building was built in 1860–61<ref name=Pevsner/> or 1862.<ref name=Page/> The ancient church door remains in the garden of Weston House in Wokingham.<ref name=":0" /> The new church was designed in a 13th-century [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style<ref name=Page/> by the architects [[John Clacy|J.B. Clacy]] and Son<ref name=Pevsner/> of [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]].<ref>{{Cite book |editor1-last=Brodie |editor1-first=Antonia |editor2-last=Felstead |editor2-first=Alison |editor3-last=Franklin |editor3-first=Jonathan |editor4-last=Pinfield |editor4-first=Leslie |editor5-first=Jane|editor5-last=Oldfield|title=Directory of British Architects 1834–1914, A–K |year=2001 |publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group|Continuum]] |location=London & New York |isbn=0-8264-5513-1 |page=375}}</ref> The [[chancel]] and [[transepts]] were added<ref name=Pevsner/> or rebuilt<ref name=Page/> in 1887. The building retains two features from the earlier church: a late 13th-century wooden memorial effigy of a woman, thought to be that of Mistress Agnes Neville, daughter of a lord of the manor in the 14th century,<ref name=":0" /> and the late 18th-century [[baptismal font]].<ref name=Pevsner/> The [[bell-tower]] has a [[Change ringing|ring]] of four [[Bell|bells]] cast in 1863 by [[John Warner and Sons]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Barkham&DoveID=BARKHAM |title=Barkham S James |last=Davies |first=Peter |date=18 November 2006 |work=Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers |access-date=17 July 2010}}</ref> of [[Cripplegate]] in the [[City of London]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/founders.php |title=Bell Founders |author=Dovemaster |date=31 October 2012 |work=Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers |access-date=23 July 2013 |archive-date=4 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904010159/http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/founders.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>


A number of members of the [[Leveson-Gower]] family are buried in the church, including Lady Mary Tufton, Countess Gower, widow of the first Earl Gower; her son [[John Leveson-Gower (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral John Leveson-Gower]] (d.1792); his son, General John Leveson-Gower and daughter-in-law Isabella Mary Leveson-Gower (née Broke); as well as his grandson, John Leveson-Gower (d.1883), with his wife Charlotte (d.1876), son Sackville (d.1874), and mother-in-law the Right Hon. Lady Harriet Mitchell (d.1855).<ref name="Page"/>
Rev. [[David Davies (clergyman)|David Davies]] (1741–1819) was Rector of Barkham from 1782 until his death in 1819.<ref name=Page/> He studied the condition of the labouring poor, recorded statistics of their wages, cost of food, etc. in various districts of England and Scotland.<ref name=Page/> He published his findings in 1785 in the form of a book called ''Cases of Labourers in Husbandry Stated and Considered''.<ref name=Page/>


Rev. [[Peter Ditchfield]], [[Society of Antiquaries of London|FSA]] (1854–1930) was Rector of Barkham from 1886 until his death.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arborfieldhistory.org.uk/C20/families_Ditchfield.htm |title=Families: Rev. Peter Ditchfield |publisher=Arborfield Local History Society |accessdate=8 July 2010}}</ref> He was a [[Freemason]], historian and prolific author. With [[William Henry Page|William Page]] he co-edited three Berkshire volumes of the ''[[Victoria County History]]'', which were published in 1907, 1923 and 1924.
Rev. [[David Davies (clergyman)|David Davies]] (1741–1819) was Rector of Barkham from 1782 until his death in 1819.<ref name=Page/> He studied the condition of the labouring poor, recorded statistics of their wages, cost of food, etc. in various districts of [[England]] and [[Scotland]].<ref name=Page/> He published his findings in 1785 in the form of a book called ''Cases of Labourers in Husbandry Stated and Considered''.<ref name=Page/> Rev. [[Peter Ditchfield]], [[Society of Antiquaries of London|FSA]] (1854–1930) was Rector of Barkham from 1886 until his death.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arborfieldhistory.org.uk/C20/families_Ditchfield.htm |title=Families: Rev. Peter Ditchfield |publisher=Arborfield Local History Society |access-date=8 July 2010}}</ref> He was a [[Freemason]], historian and prolific author. With [[William Henry Page|William Page]] he co-edited three Berkshire volumes of the ''[[Victoria County History]]'', which were published in 1907, 1923 and 1924.


==Social and economic history==
==Social and economic history==
Another prominent farming family, that of Ball, is erroneously said to be that of [[George Washington]]'s mother, [[Mary Ball Washington]]. They lived in the parish from the late 15th to the mid-17th century, but William Ball, the man once thought to have emigrated to [[Virginia]] and become Mary's great grandfather, may have actually died in London and his family lived in the East Berkshire area for at least two more generations. This is still disputed by American relatives of Mary Ball.<ref name=rbh/>
Another prominent farming family, that of Ball, is erroneously said to be that of [[George Washington]]'s mother, [[Mary Ball Washington]]. They lived in the parish from the late 15th to the mid-17th century, but [[William Lee Ball]], the man once thought to have emigrated to [[Virginia]] and become Mary's great grandfather, may have actually died in [[London]] and his family lived in the East [[Berkshire]] area for at least two more generations. This is still disputed by [[Americans]] relatives of Mary Ball.<ref name=rbh/> An [[open field system]] of farming prevailed in the parish until early in the 19th century. [[Parliament]] passed the [[Inclosure Act]] for Barkham in 1813, but it was not implemented until 1821.<ref name=Page/>

An [[open field system]] of farming prevailed in the parish until early in the 19th century. Parliament passed the [[Inclosure Act]] for Barkham in 1813, but it was not implemented until 1821.<ref name=Page/>


==Parish Council==
==Parish Council==
Barkham Parish Council meets regularly at the Arborfield Green Community Centre.<ref name=PC>[http://www.barkham.parishcouncil.net%20 Barkham Parish Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415210914/http://www.barkham.parishcouncil.net/ |date=15 April 2013 }}</ref> It has 10 councillors that are elected by the parish residents for a term of four years.<ref name=PC/>
Barkham [[Parish councils in England|Parish council]] meets regularly at the [[Arborfield]] Green Community Centre.<ref name=PC>[http://www.barkham.parishcouncil.net%20 Barkham Parish Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415210914/http://www.barkham.parishcouncil.net/ |date=15 April 2013 }}</ref> It has 10 councillors that are elected by the [[parish]] residents for a term of four years.<ref name=PC/>

==Residents Association==
Barkham Village Residents’ Association (“BVRA”) was formed in 1987, initially in response to a Planning Application for housing development within the Coombes - a woodland rich in a diversity of wildlife and designated an area of special scientific interest. Planning issues remain an interest of the BVRA. After the threat to the Coombes subsided, the BVRA continues to contribute to Barkham's community spirit by running social events and the production of a quarterly newsletter and website.<ref>[https://www.barkham.org.uk BVRA]</ref>

==Schools==
Bohunt School [[Wokingham]], opened at [[Arborfield]] Green in Barkham [[parish]] in 2016, is a mixed-sex independent academy.


==References==
==References==
Line 61: Line 67:


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Ditchfield |editor1-first=P.H. |editor1-link=Peter Ditchfield |editor2-last=Page |editor2-first=W.H. |editor2-link=William Henry Page |series=[[Victoria County History]] |title=A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 3 |year=1923 |pages=238–241 |url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43211 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Ditchfield |editor1-first=P.H. |editor1-link=Peter Ditchfield |editor2-last=Page |editor2-first=W.H. |editor2-link=William Henry Page |series=[[Victoria County History]] |title=A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 3 |year=1923 |pages=238–241 |url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43211 }}
*{{cite book |last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |authorlink=Nikolaus Pevsner |series=[[Pevsner Architectural Guides#Buildings of England|The Buildings of England]] |title=Berkshire |year=1966 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=Harmondsworth |page=75 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |authorlink=Nikolaus Pevsner |series=[[Pevsner Architectural Guides#Buildings of England|The Buildings of England]] |title=Berkshire |year=1966 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=Harmondsworth |page=75 }}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==

Latest revision as of 18:04, 12 July 2024

Barkham
St James' parish church
Barkham is located in Berkshire
Barkham
Barkham
Location within Berkshire
Population3,511 (2001 census)[1]
3,348 (2011 Census)[2]
OS grid referenceSU7867
Civil parish
  • Barkham
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWokingham
Postcode districtRG40, RG41
Dialling code0118
PoliceThames Valley
FireRoyal Berkshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
WebsiteBarkham
List of places
UK
England
Berkshire
51°24′07″N 0°52′34″W / 51.402°N 0.876°W / 51.402; -0.876

Barkham is a village and civil parish in the borough of Wokingham in Berkshire, England, located around 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of the town of Wokingham.

History

[edit]

Barkham dates back to 951, when a Saxon thane gave Bloreham to the monks of Abingdon Abbey. In Saxon times, it passed from the rule of the Abbey, and during the time of King Edward the Confessor, it was owned by a Saxon thane named Ælmer. After the Conquest, it was taken possession of by William the Conqueror.[3]

In 1630 and 1655, the inhabitants petitioned the constable of Windsor Castle against enclosures made by Richard Arrowsmith who, under licence from James I, had built a hunting lodge and formed a deer park at Bear Wood. This would later become Barkham Manor.[3]

John de Barkham held the fee under Henry de Early. He forfeited about 1249, but was restored before 1253, when Jon, the son of Robert de Barkham, levied a fine of lands in Barkham. In 1335, the lands passed to the Bullock family, who held it until the end of the 16th century.[3]

Geography

[edit]

The old part of Barkham is the small settlement by the parish church and is close to Barkham Street. However most of the population lives in the north-east of the parish, around the post office, or in the Arborfield Garrison, which is largely in Barkham. It is a rural parish, mostly consisting of dairy farmland and woods, despite being surrounded by the town of Wokingham and the large villages of Winnersh, Arborfield Cross and Finchampstead.

Etymology

[edit]
Barkham Manor house in winter

The toponym "Barkham" is derived from the Old English bercheham[4] meaning "birch home" referring to the birch trees on the edge of Windsor Great Park.[5] The name evolved via forms including Berkham in the 14th century and Barcombe in the 18th century.[4]

Manor

[edit]

In King Edward III's reign the income from Barkham Manor helped to pay for the rebuilding of Windsor Castle and, not long afterwards, timber from Barkham was sent to make the roof of Westminster Abbey.[5]

For many centuries the manor house was a secondary home of the Bullock family.[5] The Bull Inn public house in Barkham is named in reference to their surname.[5] The Bullocks had inherited the manor from the family of William Neville, a 13th-century valet to Saint Thomas Cantilupe, the Bishop of Hereford and Chancellor of England, from whom the manor was originally bought.[5] The manor passed by marriage and inheritance through the Standen, Waterman, Kingsmill and Pitt families. In about 1783, the manor was purchased by the Dowager Countess Gower, the third wife of John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower, and became the property of the Leveson-Gower family.[4] The present manor house is a late 18th-century[4] Georgian building of two wings of differing dates.[6] Barkham had two moated farm-houses.[4] One of these survives, having been divided into two cottages.[4]

Parish church

[edit]

The earliest known record of the Church of England parish church of Saint James[7] dates from 1220.[4] The ancient church was pulled down in 1860[3] and the present church building was built in 1860–61[6] or 1862.[4] The ancient church door remains in the garden of Weston House in Wokingham.[3] The new church was designed in a 13th-century Gothic Revival style[4] by the architects J.B. Clacy and Son[6] of Reading.[8] The chancel and transepts were added[6] or rebuilt[4] in 1887. The building retains two features from the earlier church: a late 13th-century wooden memorial effigy of a woman, thought to be that of Mistress Agnes Neville, daughter of a lord of the manor in the 14th century,[3] and the late 18th-century baptismal font.[6] The bell-tower has a ring of four bells cast in 1863 by John Warner and Sons[9] of Cripplegate in the City of London.[10]

A number of members of the Leveson-Gower family are buried in the church, including Lady Mary Tufton, Countess Gower, widow of the first Earl Gower; her son Admiral John Leveson-Gower (d.1792); his son, General John Leveson-Gower and daughter-in-law Isabella Mary Leveson-Gower (née Broke); as well as his grandson, John Leveson-Gower (d.1883), with his wife Charlotte (d.1876), son Sackville (d.1874), and mother-in-law the Right Hon. Lady Harriet Mitchell (d.1855).[4]

Rev. David Davies (1741–1819) was Rector of Barkham from 1782 until his death in 1819.[4] He studied the condition of the labouring poor, recorded statistics of their wages, cost of food, etc. in various districts of England and Scotland.[4] He published his findings in 1785 in the form of a book called Cases of Labourers in Husbandry Stated and Considered.[4] Rev. Peter Ditchfield, FSA (1854–1930) was Rector of Barkham from 1886 until his death.[11] He was a Freemason, historian and prolific author. With William Page he co-edited three Berkshire volumes of the Victoria County History, which were published in 1907, 1923 and 1924.

Social and economic history

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Another prominent farming family, that of Ball, is erroneously said to be that of George Washington's mother, Mary Ball Washington. They lived in the parish from the late 15th to the mid-17th century, but William Lee Ball, the man once thought to have emigrated to Virginia and become Mary's great grandfather, may have actually died in London and his family lived in the East Berkshire area for at least two more generations. This is still disputed by Americans relatives of Mary Ball.[5] An open field system of farming prevailed in the parish until early in the 19th century. Parliament passed the Inclosure Act for Barkham in 1813, but it was not implemented until 1821.[4]

Parish Council

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Barkham Parish council meets regularly at the Arborfield Green Community Centre.[12] It has 10 councillors that are elected by the parish residents for a term of four years.[12]

Residents Association

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Barkham Village Residents’ Association (“BVRA”) was formed in 1987, initially in response to a Planning Application for housing development within the Coombes - a woodland rich in a diversity of wildlife and designated an area of special scientific interest. Planning issues remain an interest of the BVRA. After the threat to the Coombes subsided, the BVRA continues to contribute to Barkham's community spirit by running social events and the production of a quarterly newsletter and website.[13]

Schools

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Bohunt School Wokingham, opened at Arborfield Green in Barkham parish in 2016, is a mixed-sex independent academy.

References

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  1. ^ "Area selected: Wokingham (Unitary Authority)". Neighbourhood Statistics: Full Dataset View. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  2. ^ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Berkshire Federation of Women's Institutes (1939). The Berkshire Book. Watlington House, Reading, Berks.: The Berkshire Federation of Women's Institutes. pp. 16–17.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ditchfield & Page 1923, pp. 238–241
  5. ^ a b c d e f Ford, David Nash (2004). "Barkham". Royal Berkshire History. Nash Ford Publishing. Archived from the original on 1 November 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d e Pevsner 1966, p. 75
  7. ^ Arborfield and Barkham Churches
  8. ^ Brodie, Antonia; Felstead, Alison; Franklin, Jonathan; Pinfield, Leslie; Oldfield, Jane, eds. (2001). Directory of British Architects 1834–1914, A–K. London & New York: Continuum. p. 375. ISBN 0-8264-5513-1.
  9. ^ Davies, Peter (18 November 2006). "Barkham S James". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  10. ^ Dovemaster (31 October 2012). "Bell Founders". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  11. ^ "Families: Rev. Peter Ditchfield". Arborfield Local History Society. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
  12. ^ a b Barkham Parish Council Archived 15 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ BVRA

Sources

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