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{{Short description|Extinct genus of fishes}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| fossil_range = Late [[ |
| fossil_range = [[Late Devonian]] ([[Frasnian]]), {{Fossil range|380}} |
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| image = |
| image = Materpiscis.png |
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| image_width = 250px |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = Artist's reconstruction of ''M. attenboroughi'' |
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| parent_authority = Long ''et al.'', 2008 |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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| authority = Long ''et al.'', 2008 |
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| classis = [[Placodermi]] |
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| ordo = [[Ptyctodontida]] |
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| familia = [[Ptyctodontidae]] |
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| genus = '''''Materpiscis''''' |
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| binomial_authority = Long, Trinajstic, Young, and Senden, 2008 |
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| ⚫ | '''''Materpiscis''''' |
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| ⚫ | '''''Materpiscis''''' ([[Latin language|Latin]] for ''mother fish'') is a [[genus]] of [[ptyctodontid]] [[Placodermi|placoderm]] from the [[Late Devonian]] located at the [[Gogo Formation]] of [[Western Australia]]. Known from only one specimen, it is unique in having an unborn [[embryo]] present inside the mother, with remarkable preservation of a mineralised placental feeding structure ([[umbilical cord]]). This makes ''Materpiscis'' the oldest known [[vertebrate]] to show [[viviparity]], or giving birth to live young. |
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==Etymology== |
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| ⚫ | The species was named ''Materpiscis attenboroughi'' in honour of [[David Attenborough]] who first drew attention to the significance of the Gogo fish sites in his 1979 series [[Life on Earth (TV series)|''Life on Earth'']].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7424281.stm BBC News: Fossil reveals oldest live birth]</ref> |
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==Discovery== |
==Discovery and naming== |
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The [[holotype]] was found in the Kimberley area of northern [[Western Australia]] by Lindsay Hatcher during the 2005 expedition to the Gogo led by [[John A. Long (paleontologist)|John Long]] of [[Museum Victoria]]. Fossils from the Gogo Formation are preserved in [[limestone]] nodules, so dilute [[acetic acid]] is used to dissolve the surrounding limestone and reveal the [[fossil]].<ref>{{ |
The [[holotype]] was found in the Kimberley area of northern [[Western Australia]] by Lindsay Hatcher during the 2005 expedition to the Gogo led by [[John A. Long (paleontologist)|John Long]] of [[Museum Victoria]]. Fossils from the Gogo Formation are preserved in [[limestone]] nodules, so dilute [[acetic acid]] is used to dissolve the surrounding limestone and reveal the [[fossil]], often preserved in three dimensions with minimal distortion.<ref>{{YouTube|m18sGLBdPGU|Dr John Long describes the discovery of the ''Materpiscis''}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The species was named ''Materpiscis attenboroughi'' in honour of [[David Attenborough]] who first drew attention to the significance of the Gogo fish sites in his 1979 series [[Life on Earth (TV series)|''Life on Earth'']].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7424281.stm BBC News: Fossil reveals oldest live birth]</ref> |
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==Paleobiology== |
==Paleobiology== |
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[[Image:FINAL FISH ANIM (00200).jpg|thumb|left|Fossilised embryo features]]''Materpiscis'' would have been about {{convert|11|in|cm|0}} long and had powerful crushing tooth plates to grind up its prey, possibly hard shelled invertebrates like clams or corals.<ref>[http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/MV-News/2008/Mother-fish/ Museum Victoria links and videos describing ''Materpiscis'']</ref> |
[[Image:FINAL FISH ANIM (00200).jpg|thumb|left|Fossilised embryo features]]''Materpiscis'' would have been about {{convert|11|in|cm|0}} long and had powerful crushing tooth plates to grind up its prey, possibly hard shelled invertebrates like clams or corals.<ref>[http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/MV-News/2008/Mother-fish/ Museum Victoria links and videos describing ''Materpiscis''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822152802/http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/MV-News/2008/Mother-fish/ |date=2008-08-22 }}</ref> |
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Examination of the tail section of the holotype led to the discovery of the partially ossified skeleton of a juvenile ''Materpiscis'' and the mineralised umbilical cord. The team published their findings in 2008.<ref>{{ cite journal | last = Long | first = J. A. | |
Examination of the tail section of the holotype led to the discovery of the partially ossified skeleton of a juvenile ''Materpiscis'' and the mineralised umbilical cord. The team published their findings in 2008.<ref>{{ cite journal | last = Long | first = J. A. |author2=Trinajstic, K. |author3=Young, G. C. |author4=Senden, T. | year = 2008 | title = Live birth in the Devonian period | journal = Nature | volume = 453 | issue = 7195 | pages = 650–652 | doi = 10.1038/nature06966 | pmid = 18509443 | bibcode = 2008Natur.453..650L | s2cid = 205213348 }}</ref> The juvenile ''Materpiscis'' was about 25 percent of its adult size. The large size of the embryo relative to the mother indicates that the young of this fish were born well-formed, a strategy that may have evolved to counter predation from other larger fishes.<ref name=livescience>{{cite web|last=Salisbury|first=Steven|title=Oldest Embryo Fossil Found|date=28 May 2008 |url=http://www.livescience.com/4934-oldest-embryo-fossil.html|publisher=Jeanna Bryner|accessdate=15 October 2013}}</ref> The ptyctodontid fishes are the only group of placoderms to display [[sexual dimorphism]], where [[male]]s have clasping organs and [[female]]s have smooth pelvic fin bases. It had long been suspected that they reproduced using [[internal fertilisation]], but finding fossilised embryos inside both ''Materpiscis'' and in a similar form also from Gogo, ''Austroptyctodus'', proved the deduction was true. |
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==In popular culture== |
==In popular culture== |
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[[Image:Materpiscis02.JPG|thumb| |
[[Image:Materpiscis02.JPG|thumb|right|Model of ''Materpiscis'' on display at Museum Victoria, Australia]] |
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| ⚫ | *''Materpiscis attenboroughi'' was selected as one of ''"The Top 10 New Species"'' described in 2008 by The International Institute for Species Exploration at [[Arizona State University]] and an international committee of [[taxonomists]].<ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090522122314.htm Pea-sized Seahorse, Bacteria That Life In Hairspray, Caffeine-free Coffee Among Top 10 New Species Of 2008 Science Daily May 23, 2009]</ref> |
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* ''Materpiscis'' was featured in the second episode of [[Animal Armageddon]]. |
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| ⚫ | *''Materpiscis attenboroughi'' was selected as one of ''"The Top 10 New Species"'' described in 2008 by The International Institute for Species Exploration at [[Arizona State University]] and an international committee of [[taxonomists]].<ref>[ |
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==See also== |
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{{wikinews|First fertilised fish fossil found}} |
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*''[[Austroptyctodus]]'', |
*''[[Austroptyctodus]]'', another [[viviparous]] ptyctodont placoderm from the Gogo Reef |
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*''[[Incisoscutum]]'', a viviparous [[arthrodire]] placoderm from the Gogo Reef |
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*''[[Gogonasus]]'' |
*''[[Gogonasus]]'' |
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*''[[Onychodus]]'' |
*''[[Onychodus]]'' |
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* [[List of things named after David Attenborough and his works]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Placodermi|Pt.}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q131787}} |
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[[Category:Ptyctodontids]] |
[[Category:Ptyctodontids]] |
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[[Category:Gogo fauna]] |
[[Category:Gogo fauna]] |
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[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2008]] |
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2008]] |
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[[Category:Placoderm genera]] |
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Latest revision as of 10:41, 13 July 2024
| Materpiscis Temporal range: Late Devonian (Frasnian),
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| Artist's reconstruction of M. attenboroughi | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | †Placodermi |
| Order: | †Ptyctodontida |
| Family: | †Ptyctodontidae |
| Genus: | †Materpiscis Long et al., 2008 |
| Species: | †M. attenboroughi
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| Binomial name | |
| †Materpiscis attenboroughi Long et al., 2008
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Materpiscis (Latin for mother fish) is a genus of ptyctodontid placoderm from the Late Devonian located at the Gogo Formation of Western Australia. Known from only one specimen, it is unique in having an unborn embryo present inside the mother, with remarkable preservation of a mineralised placental feeding structure (umbilical cord). This makes Materpiscis the oldest known vertebrate to show viviparity, or giving birth to live young.
Discovery and naming
[edit]The holotype was found in the Kimberley area of northern Western Australia by Lindsay Hatcher during the 2005 expedition to the Gogo led by John Long of Museum Victoria. Fossils from the Gogo Formation are preserved in limestone nodules, so dilute acetic acid is used to dissolve the surrounding limestone and reveal the fossil, often preserved in three dimensions with minimal distortion.[1]
The species was named Materpiscis attenboroughi in honour of David Attenborough who first drew attention to the significance of the Gogo fish sites in his 1979 series Life on Earth.[2]
Paleobiology
[edit].jpg)
Materpiscis would have been about 11 inches (28 cm) long and had powerful crushing tooth plates to grind up its prey, possibly hard shelled invertebrates like clams or corals.[3]
Examination of the tail section of the holotype led to the discovery of the partially ossified skeleton of a juvenile Materpiscis and the mineralised umbilical cord. The team published their findings in 2008.[4] The juvenile Materpiscis was about 25 percent of its adult size. The large size of the embryo relative to the mother indicates that the young of this fish were born well-formed, a strategy that may have evolved to counter predation from other larger fishes.[5] The ptyctodontid fishes are the only group of placoderms to display sexual dimorphism, where males have clasping organs and females have smooth pelvic fin bases. It had long been suspected that they reproduced using internal fertilisation, but finding fossilised embryos inside both Materpiscis and in a similar form also from Gogo, Austroptyctodus, proved the deduction was true.
In popular culture
[edit]
- Materpiscis attenboroughi was selected as one of "The Top 10 New Species" described in 2008 by The International Institute for Species Exploration at Arizona State University and an international committee of taxonomists.[6]
See also
[edit]
- Austroptyctodus, another viviparous ptyctodont placoderm from the Gogo Reef
- Incisoscutum, a viviparous arthrodire placoderm from the Gogo Reef
- Gogonasus
- Onychodus
- List of things named after David Attenborough and his works
References
[edit]- ^ Dr John Long describes the discovery of the Materpiscis on YouTube
- ^ BBC News: Fossil reveals oldest live birth
- ^ Museum Victoria links and videos describing Materpiscis Archived 2008-08-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Long, J. A.; Trinajstic, K.; Young, G. C.; Senden, T. (2008). "Live birth in the Devonian period". Nature. 453 (7195): 650–652. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..650L. doi:10.1038/nature06966. PMID 18509443. S2CID 205213348.
- ^ Salisbury, Steven (28 May 2008). "Oldest Embryo Fossil Found". Jeanna Bryner. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
- ^ Pea-sized Seahorse, Bacteria That Life In Hairspray, Caffeine-free Coffee Among Top 10 New Species Of 2008 Science Daily May 23, 2009
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