Digitalis ciliata: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Species of plant}} |
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|authority = [[Trautv.]] |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] |
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|ordo = [[Scrophulariales]] |
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|familia = [[Scrophulariaceae]] |
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| binomial = ''Digitalis ciliata |
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'''''Digitalis ciliata''''', commonly called '''hairy foxglove''' is a member of the genus ''[[Digitalis]]''.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/31805/Digitalis-ciliata/Details | title=Digitalis ciliata | hairy foxglove Herbaceous Perennial/RHS Gardening }}</ref> It has thimble-shaped, yellow to cream-colored flowers produced on perennial plants with evergreen foliage. It is native to the [[Caucasus]] and is grown as an ornamental plant in other parts of the world. The species name is derived from the fine hairs that cover the plant's stems and flowers. |
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==Description== |
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| ⚫ | Individuals of these species are [[herbaceous|herbs]] that grow from anywhere between 30 cm and 60 cm tall. They have an alternate leaf pattern with small, green, [[lanceolate]] leaves<ref name=rareplants2012>http://www.rareplants.de. 2012. ''Digitalis ciliata'' (Yellow Caucasus Foxglove). Web 30 April 2012. http://www.rareplants.de/shop/product.asp?P_ID=11983</ref> that are known for both their medicinal purposes and high toxicity when ingested. The flowers are located at the terminal ends of the stems, and are arranged in a [[inflorescence]] pattern known as a '[[raceme]]'.<ref name="Perrone A 2012">{{cite journal|last1=Perrone |first1=Angela |last2=Capassoa |first2=Anna |last3=Festaa |first3=Michela |last4=Kemertelidzeb |first4=Ether |last5=Pizzaa |first5=Cosimo |last6=Skhirtladzeb |first6=Alexandre |last7=Piacente |first7=Sonia |date=April 2012 |title=Antiproliferative steroidal glycosides from ''Digitalis ciliata'' |journal=Fitoterapia |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=554–562 |doi=10.1016/j.fitote.2011.12.020|pmid=22245088 }}</ref><ref name="The Great Soviet Encyclopedia">The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. Web 30 April 2012. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Digitalis</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The flowers of ''Digitalis ciliata'' are a distinguishing feature that gave the entire genus its name, as it has a campanulate structure that also resembles a thimble and fits on the tip of the finger. The [[perianth]] has five parts and the color of the [[Corolla (botany)|corolla]] is a pale-yellow. The [[Specific name (zoology)|species epithet]], ''ciliata'', is indicative of the tiny “hairs” that are apparent on the upper and lower lips of the corolla. There are also tiny hairs that cover the leaves of the plant. The fruit is a capsule.<ref name="Perrone A 2012"/><ref name="The Great Soviet Encyclopedia"/> |
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The '''ciliate/hairy foxglove''','''''Digitalis ciliata''''', is a member of the well known genus [[Digitalis]], which is well known both for its beautiful bell-shaped flowers and use of the chemicals found mainly in the leaves and the seeds for treatment of heart conditions and potential anti-proliferative use in cancer. The name Digitalis comes from the word digitabulum, which means thimble. This describes the genus perfectly in that the flowers are able to fit over the finger like a thimble, and many people in Europe remember the plant by their childhood play and placing them on their fingers <ref>PageWise Inc. 2002. FOXGLOVE, Digitalis purpure. Web 30 April 2012. http://www.aboutflowers.org/foxglovedigita_xai.htm</ref>. |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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''Digitalis ciliata'' is native to the [[Caucasus]] area.<ref name="Kole2011">{{cite book|author=Chittaranjan Kole|title=Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Plantation and Ornamental Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UdDMCfgr4dEC&pg=PA78|accessdate=31 August 2012|date=31 August 2011|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-21200-0|page=78}}</ref> |
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''Digitalis ciliata'' is native to the [[Caucasus]] area, and is also found in Georgia. In these places, ''Digitalis ciliata'' can be found in meadows, pastures, on the edges of forests, and also on slopes, as it is indigenous to mountainous terrain. It can also be grown throughout the world, as long as there is warm enough weather and well drained yet moist soil. Because it can be grown under somewhat flexible conditions it is used ornamentally in both Europe and North America<ref name=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia> The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. Web 30 April 2012. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Digitalis</ref><ref>Perrone A et al. Antiproliferative steroidal glycosides from "Digitalis ciliata", Fitoterapia (2012), doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2011.12.020</ref>. |
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==Ecology== |
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''Digitalis ciliata'' can be found in meadows, pastures, in the margins of forests, and also on slopes, as it is indigenous to mountainous terrain.<ref name="Perrone A 2012"/> |
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''Digitalis ciliata'' is a perennial herbaceous plant that is found mostly in the Caucasus region, which has the moist yet well drained soil needed to sustain the species. It is able to be grown at anywhere from 25°F-40°F, and thrives in the late spring and early summer. Sunlight or light shade is optimal for the growth for “Digitalis ciliata” and so it thrives in the meadows and pastures of its native regions<ref>Dave's Garden. 2000-2012. PlantFiles: Foxglove "Digitalis ciliata". Web 30 April 2012. http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/37925/#b</ref>. |
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==Morphology== |
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| ⚫ | Individuals of these species are |
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==Uses== |
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===Horticulture=== |
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It can also be grown throughout the world where there is warm enough weather and well-drained yet moist soil. It can be grown as an [[ornamental plant]] in both Europe and North America. |
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| ⚫ | The flowers of |
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==Usage== |
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===Food=== |
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“Digitalis ciliate” is not used as any source of food as it is highly poisonous. |
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===Medicinal=== |
===Medicinal=== |
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''Digitalis ciliata'' is used to isolate cardenolide glycolosides and is abundant in basically all of the [[glycoside]]s that the ''[[Digitalis]]'' genus is known for. These common glycosides include [[digitoxigenin]], gitoxigenin, digoxigenin, gitaloxigenin, and diginatigenin.<ref name="Perrone A 2012"/> |
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The seeds of ''D. ciliata'' are rich in the steroid glycoside digitonin, along with other lipids that are important in cardiac treatments.<ref>Kemertelidze, E. 2007. Biologically Active Compounds and original remedies from plants growing in Georgia. pp. 91-93. http://www.science.org.ge/2007-vol1/91-95.pdf{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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Not only is |
Not only is ''D. ciliata'' useful in the cardiac sector of medicine, but its anti-proliferative roles are also being looked into for its possible role in suppressing tumors. There may be evidence that the [[saponin]]s found in this species have an anti-tumor effect by aiding in cell cycle arrest and cell death, or [[apoptosis]].<ref name="Perrone A 2012"/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q4312974}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Digitalis|ciliata]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:56, 14 July 2024
| Digitalis ciliata | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Digitalis |
| Species: | D. ciliata
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| Binomial name | |
| Digitalis ciliata | |
Digitalis ciliata, commonly called hairy foxglove is a member of the genus Digitalis.[1] It has thimble-shaped, yellow to cream-colored flowers produced on perennial plants with evergreen foliage. It is native to the Caucasus and is grown as an ornamental plant in other parts of the world. The species name is derived from the fine hairs that cover the plant's stems and flowers.
Description
[edit]Individuals of these species are herbs that grow from anywhere between 30 cm and 60 cm tall. They have an alternate leaf pattern with small, green, lanceolate leaves[2] that are known for both their medicinal purposes and high toxicity when ingested. The flowers are located at the terminal ends of the stems, and are arranged in a inflorescence pattern known as a 'raceme'.[3][4]
Flowers and fruit
[edit]The flowers of Digitalis ciliata are a distinguishing feature that gave the entire genus its name, as it has a campanulate structure that also resembles a thimble and fits on the tip of the finger. The perianth has five parts and the color of the corolla is a pale-yellow. The species epithet, ciliata, is indicative of the tiny “hairs” that are apparent on the upper and lower lips of the corolla. There are also tiny hairs that cover the leaves of the plant. The fruit is a capsule.[3][4]
Distribution
[edit]Digitalis ciliata is native to the Caucasus area.[5]
Ecology
[edit]Digitalis ciliata can be found in meadows, pastures, in the margins of forests, and also on slopes, as it is indigenous to mountainous terrain.[3]
Uses
[edit]Horticulture
[edit]It can also be grown throughout the world where there is warm enough weather and well-drained yet moist soil. It can be grown as an ornamental plant in both Europe and North America.
Medicinal
[edit]Digitalis ciliata is used to isolate cardenolide glycolosides and is abundant in basically all of the glycosides that the Digitalis genus is known for. These common glycosides include digitoxigenin, gitoxigenin, digoxigenin, gitaloxigenin, and diginatigenin.[3]
The seeds of D. ciliata are rich in the steroid glycoside digitonin, along with other lipids that are important in cardiac treatments.[6]
Not only is D. ciliata useful in the cardiac sector of medicine, but its anti-proliferative roles are also being looked into for its possible role in suppressing tumors. There may be evidence that the saponins found in this species have an anti-tumor effect by aiding in cell cycle arrest and cell death, or apoptosis.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ "Digitalis ciliata | hairy foxglove Herbaceous Perennial/RHS Gardening".
- ^ http://www.rareplants.de. 2012. Digitalis ciliata (Yellow Caucasus Foxglove). Web 30 April 2012. http://www.rareplants.de/shop/product.asp?P_ID=11983
- ^ a b c d e Perrone, Angela; Capassoa, Anna; Festaa, Michela; Kemertelidzeb, Ether; Pizzaa, Cosimo; Skhirtladzeb, Alexandre; Piacente, Sonia (April 2012). "Antiproliferative steroidal glycosides from Digitalis ciliata". Fitoterapia. 83 (3): 554–562. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2011.12.020. PMID 22245088.
- ^ a b The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. Web 30 April 2012. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Digitalis
- ^ Chittaranjan Kole (31 August 2011). Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Plantation and Ornamental Crops. Springer. p. 78. ISBN 978-3-642-21200-0. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
- ^ Kemertelidze, E. 2007. Biologically Active Compounds and original remedies from plants growing in Georgia. pp. 91-93. http://www.science.org.ge/2007-vol1/91-95.pdf[permanent dead link]