Toko Merah: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Toko merah Kota Tua.JPG|300px|thumb|The building Toko Merah.]] |
[[Image:Toko merah Kota Tua.JPG|300px|thumb|The building Toko Merah.]] |
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'''Toko Merah''' (Indonesian "Red Shop") is a Dutch colonial landmark in [[Jakarta Old Town]], [[Indonesia]]. Built in 1730, it is one of the oldest |
'''Toko Merah''' (Indonesian "Red Shop") is a Dutch colonial landmark in [[Jakarta Old Town]], [[Indonesia]]. Built in 1730, it is one of the oldest buildings in [[Jakarta]]. The building is located on the west side of the main canal [[Kali Besar]]. The building's red color contributes to its current name. |
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One of the famous |
One of the famous guests of the building Toko Merah is [[William Bligh]].<ref name="Kompas20072012" /> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Toko Merah was built |
Toko Merah was first built around 1730 by [[Gustaaf Willem, Baron van Imhoff]], then a rising officer of the Dutch East Indies company working as the water tax officer (1730) and later first secretary and extraordinary council of the Indies (1731). Imhoff seem not to have lived long in the house as in 1736 Imhoff moved to Ceylon to assume the position of [[Dutch Ceylon]] Governor. Imhoff later returned to Batavia in 1743 to be appointed as the [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies]]. With this appointment, Imhoff would have been provided with the lavish residence in the premises of [[Batavia Castle]], rendering his old town house obsolete. From 1743 to 1755, the building served as a Navy Academy.<ref name="Kompas20072012">{{cite news |title=Kemewahan Sejarah Toko Merah |language=id |author=Windoro Adi |newspaper=Kompas |date=July 20, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="maso-merah">[http://masoye.multiply.com/photos/photo/4/59 Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé]. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.</ref><ref name="saksi">{{cite book |title=Toko Merah Saksi Kejayaan Batavia Lama Di Tepi Sungai Ciliwung |author=Thomas B Ataladjar }}</ref><ref name="Menyisir">{{cite book |title=Batavia 1740, Menyisir Jejak Betawi |language=id |author=Windoro Adi |year=2010 |publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama |location=Jakarta }}</ref><ref name="Diessen">{{cite book |title=Jakarta/Batavia, Het centrum van het Nederlandse koloniale rijk in Azie en zijn cultuurhistorische nalatenschap, Cantecleer Kunst-reisgidsen |language= |last=van Diessen |first=J.R.|year=1989|publisher=Cantecleer bv, de bilt |location=|ISBN=9789021304090}}</ref> |
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Afterwards, |
Afterwards, the ownership of the building changed several times. The Jakarta tourism website claims that it was residence of several Governor generals, including [[Jacob Mossel]] (in office 1750–1761), [[Petrus Albertus van der Parra]] (1761–1775), and [[Reynier de Klerck]] (1777–1780)<!--[[Nicolaas Hartingh]], and Baron von Hohendorff-->.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jakarta-tourism.go.id/wisatadkiapp/content/en/145/red-shop |title=Red Shop|year=2008 |work=Enjoy Jakarta|publisher=Jakarta Tourism Board |access-date=March 24, 2010}}</ref> But according to Diessen (1989: 165-166), it was never a residence of those governor generals but rather their close relatives. First, it was residence to Phillipine Theodora (Jacob Mossel's daughter) and her husband [[Nicolaas Hartingh]], who was the Governor and Director of northeast Java from 1754 to 1761. Then it became the residence of the widow to Van der Parra and De Klerck respectively.<ref name="Diessen"/> |
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The building was converted into a hotel from 1786 to 1808; the manager of the hotel built rows of carriage houses and stables to keep the hotel's eight carriages and its sixteen horses. These additional buildings were later converted into row houses. During the period, the building Toko Merah also provided six boats on the Kali Besar to transport goods from the Sunda Kelapa harbor.<ref name="Kompas20072012" /><ref name="saksi" /> |
The building was converted into a hotel from 1786 to 1808; the manager of the hotel built rows of carriage houses and stables to keep the hotel's eight carriages and its sixteen horses. These additional buildings were later converted into row houses. During the period, the building Toko Merah also provided six boats on the Kali Besar to transport goods from the Sunda Kelapa harbor.<ref name="Kompas20072012" /><ref name="saksi" /> In 1851, the building was purchased by [[Oey Liauw Kong]], [[Kapitan China|''Kapitein der Chinezen'']] of [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]], for use as his residence and shop, and was painted red, and so it was known as Toko Merah.<ref name="maso-merah" /> |
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[[image:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kantoor van de Bank voor Indië Batavia TMnr 10015467.jpg|thumb|right|Toko Merah as the office of the ''Bank voor Indië'']] |
[[image:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kantoor van de Bank voor Indië Batavia TMnr 10015467.jpg|thumb|right|Toko Merah as the office of the ''Bank voor Indië'']] |
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The building was restored by J.F. van Hoytema in 1920.<ref name="indische7-11">{{cite book |
The building was restored by J.F. van Hoytema in 1920.<ref name="indische7-11">{{cite book |date=1990 |title=Het Indische bouwen: architectuur en stedebouw in Indonesie : Dutch and Indisch architecture 1800-1950 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUa4nQEACAAJ&q=het+indische+bouwen |location=Helmond |publisher=Gemeentemuseum Helmond |pages=7–11 |access-date=March 30, 2015 }}</ref> It was the office for the Bank voor Indië between 1920 and 1940. Afterwards, the building was used as the office of Jacobson van den Berg, an international Dutch-owned company.{{sfn|Shahab|2006|p=168}} |
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After the nationalization of Dutch companies in 1957, Toko Merah became an office for various state-owned enterprises e.g. PT. Satya Niaga (1972)<ref>[http://aburida.multiply.com/photos/photo/27/22 Photo of Toko Merah in 1972]</ref> |
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The aim is to restore Toko Merah as a conference hall and a commercial gallery.<ref name="Kompas20072012" /> The plan is that current (mid-2012) restorations will be complete by the end of 2012.<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/24/new-life-breathed-centuries-old-toko-merah.html New life breathed into centuries-old Toko Merah'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 24 July 2012.</ref> |
The aim is to restore Toko Merah as a conference hall and a commercial gallery.<ref name="Kompas20072012" /> The plan is that current (mid-2012) restorations will be complete by the end of 2012.<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/24/new-life-breathed-centuries-old-toko-merah.html New life breathed into centuries-old Toko Merah'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 24 July 2012.</ref> |
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==Architecture== |
==Architecture== |
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The architecture style of the building follows the earliest period of Dutch colonial architecture. The style were basically the tropical counterparts of 17th century Dutch architecture. Typical features include the typically Dutch high sash windows with split shutters,<ref name=Heritage6>{{cite book |series=Indonesian Heritage |title= |
The architecture style of the building follows the earliest period of Dutch colonial architecture. The style were basically the tropical counterparts of 17th century Dutch architecture. Typical features include the typically Dutch high sash windows with split shutters,<ref name=Heritage6>{{cite book |series=Indonesian Heritage |title=Architecture |volume=6 |editor=Gunawan Tjahjono |year=1998 |publisher=Archipelago Press |location=Singapore |isbn=981-3018-30-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/architecture00indo }}</ref> and gable roofs.<ref name=Heritage6 /> The building was solidly built with relatively enclosed structures, a structure that is not very friendly to tropical climate as compared to the Dutch colonial architecture of the next period in Jakarta.<ref name=Heritage6 /> |
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==Surrounding area== |
==Surrounding area== |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist|2}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
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{{ |
{{Commons category|Toko Merah}} |
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{{coord|-6.135955|106.811285|type:landmark|display=title}} |
{{coord|-6.135955|106.811285|type:landmark|display=title}} |
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==Cited works== |
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*{{cite book |last=Shahab |first=Alwi |date=2006 |title=Cerita Cerita Betawi - Maria van Engels: menantu Habib Kwitang |trans-title=Betawi Stories - Maria van Engels: Daughter in Law of Habib Kwitang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Syey0xb2--8C |location=Jakarta|publisher=Republika|isbn=9789793210728|access-date=September 29, 2016 }} |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jakarta]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jakarta]] |
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[[Category:Colonial architecture in Jakarta]] |
[[Category:Colonial architecture in Jakarta]] |
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[[Category:1730 establishments]] |
[[Category:1730 establishments in Asia]] |
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[[Category:Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Jakarta]] |
[[Category:Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Jakarta]] |
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[[Category:1730 establishments in the Dutch Empire]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1730]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:23, 15 July 2024
Toko Merah (Indonesian "Red Shop") is a Dutch colonial landmark in Jakarta Old Town, Indonesia. Built in 1730, it is one of the oldest buildings in Jakarta. The building is located on the west side of the main canal Kali Besar. The building's red color contributes to its current name.
One of the famous guests of the building Toko Merah is William Bligh.[1]
History
[edit]Toko Merah was first built around 1730 by Gustaaf Willem, Baron van Imhoff, then a rising officer of the Dutch East Indies company working as the water tax officer (1730) and later first secretary and extraordinary council of the Indies (1731). Imhoff seem not to have lived long in the house as in 1736 Imhoff moved to Ceylon to assume the position of Dutch Ceylon Governor. Imhoff later returned to Batavia in 1743 to be appointed as the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. With this appointment, Imhoff would have been provided with the lavish residence in the premises of Batavia Castle, rendering his old town house obsolete. From 1743 to 1755, the building served as a Navy Academy.[1][2][3][4][5]
Afterwards, the ownership of the building changed several times. The Jakarta tourism website claims that it was residence of several Governor generals, including Jacob Mossel (in office 1750–1761), Petrus Albertus van der Parra (1761–1775), and Reynier de Klerck (1777–1780).[6] But according to Diessen (1989: 165-166), it was never a residence of those governor generals but rather their close relatives. First, it was residence to Phillipine Theodora (Jacob Mossel's daughter) and her husband Nicolaas Hartingh, who was the Governor and Director of northeast Java from 1754 to 1761. Then it became the residence of the widow to Van der Parra and De Klerck respectively.[5]
The building was converted into a hotel from 1786 to 1808; the manager of the hotel built rows of carriage houses and stables to keep the hotel's eight carriages and its sixteen horses. These additional buildings were later converted into row houses. During the period, the building Toko Merah also provided six boats on the Kali Besar to transport goods from the Sunda Kelapa harbor.[1][3] In 1851, the building was purchased by Oey Liauw Kong, Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia, for use as his residence and shop, and was painted red, and so it was known as Toko Merah.[2]
The building was restored by J.F. van Hoytema in 1920.[7] It was the office for the Bank voor Indië between 1920 and 1940. Afterwards, the building was used as the office of Jacobson van den Berg, an international Dutch-owned company.[8]
After the nationalization of Dutch companies in 1957, Toko Merah became an office for various state-owned enterprises e.g. PT. Satya Niaga (1972)[9]
The aim is to restore Toko Merah as a conference hall and a commercial gallery.[1] The plan is that current (mid-2012) restorations will be complete by the end of 2012.[10]
Architecture
[edit]The architecture style of the building follows the earliest period of Dutch colonial architecture. The style were basically the tropical counterparts of 17th century Dutch architecture. Typical features include the typically Dutch high sash windows with split shutters,[11] and gable roofs.[11] The building was solidly built with relatively enclosed structures, a structure that is not very friendly to tropical climate as compared to the Dutch colonial architecture of the next period in Jakarta.[11]
Surrounding area
[edit]The building is located in Jakarta Old Town, the historic center of Jakarta. It is within a walkable distance from other cultural heritage displaying the history Batavia e.g. Jakarta History Museum, Wayang Museum, and the Sunda Kelapa harbor.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Windoro Adi (July 20, 2012). "Kemewahan Sejarah Toko Merah". Kompas (in Indonesian).
- ^ a b Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-06.
- ^ a b Thomas B Ataladjar. Toko Merah Saksi Kejayaan Batavia Lama Di Tepi Sungai Ciliwung.
- ^ Windoro Adi (2010). Batavia 1740, Menyisir Jejak Betawi (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- ^ a b van Diessen, J.R. (1989). Jakarta/Batavia, Het centrum van het Nederlandse koloniale rijk in Azie en zijn cultuurhistorische nalatenschap, Cantecleer Kunst-reisgidsen. Cantecleer bv, de bilt. ISBN 9789021304090.
- ^ "Red Shop". Enjoy Jakarta. Jakarta Tourism Board. 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
- ^ Het Indische bouwen: architectuur en stedebouw in Indonesie : Dutch and Indisch architecture 1800-1950. Helmond: Gemeentemuseum Helmond. 1990. pp. 7–11. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
- ^ Shahab 2006, p. 168.
- ^ Photo of Toko Merah in 1972
- ^ New life breathed into centuries-old Toko Merah', The Jakarta Post, 24 July 2012.
- ^ a b c Gunawan Tjahjono, ed. (1998). Architecture. Indonesian Heritage. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
6°08′09″S 106°48′41″E / 6.135955°S 106.811285°E
Cited works
[edit]- Shahab, Alwi (2006). Cerita Cerita Betawi - Maria van Engels: menantu Habib Kwitang [Betawi Stories - Maria van Engels: Daughter in Law of Habib Kwitang]. Jakarta: Republika. ISBN 9789793210728. Retrieved September 29, 2016.