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Coordinates: 42°52′3.000″N 16°58′23.999″E / 42.86750000°N 16.97333306°E / 42.86750000; 16.97333306
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{{Short description|1298 naval battle between the fleets of Genoa and Venice}}
{{infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict =Battle of Curzola
|conflict =Battle of Curzola
|partof =the [[Venetian–Genoese Wars]]
|partof = the [[War of Curzola]]
|image =[[File:The triumph of Lamba Doria in the Battle of Curzola by Fedele Fischetti.png|300px]]
| image = The triumph of Lamba Doria in the Battle of Curzola by Fedele Fischetti.png
| image_size = 300
|caption =The Triumph of Lamba Doria
|caption =The Triumph of Lamba Doria
|date =September 9, 1298<ref name=ROU>{{cite book|title=The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare |first=Jim |last=Bradbury |date=2004 |place=London}}</ref>
|date =September 8, 1298<ref name=ROU>{{cite book|title=The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare |first=Jim |last=Bradbury |date=2004 |place=London}}</ref>
|place =[[Korčula|Curzola]], [[Adriatic Sea]], [[Dalmatia]]
|place =[[Korčula|Curzola]], [[Adriatic Sea]], [[Dalmatia]]
|coordinates =
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
|map_type =
| map_type = Croatia
|map_relief =
| map_relief = yes
|latitude =
| map_size =
⚫
| map_marksize =
|longitude =
| map_caption =
|map_size =
| map_label =
⚫
|map_marksize =
|map_caption =
| map_mark =
|map_label =
| casus =
|territory =
| territory =
|result =[[Republic of Genoa|Genoese victory]]<ref name=ROU/><ref name=KLE>{{cite book|title=Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia: Vol.1 |first=Christopher |last=Kleinhenz |date=2004 |place=New York}}</ref><ref name=LEO>{{cite book|title=Geschichte der italienischen Staaten: -4. th. Vom Jahre 1268 bis 1492 |first=Heinrich |last=Leo |date=1829 |place=Hamburg}}</ref>
|result = Genoese victory<ref name=ROU/><ref name=KLE>{{cite book|title=Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia: Vol.1 |first=Christopher |last=Kleinhenz |date=2004 |place=New York}}</ref><ref name=LEO>{{cite book|title=Geschichte der italienischen Staaten: -4. th. Vom Jahre 1268 bis 1492 |url=https://archive.org/details/geschichtederit07leogoog |first=Heinrich |last=Leo |date=1829 |place=Hamburg}}</ref>
|status =
|status =
|combatants_header =
|combatants_header =
|combatant1 =[[File:Flag of Genoa.svg|23px]] [[Republic of Genoa]]<br><ref name=ROU/><ref name=SEE>{{cite book|title=Deutschlands Seemacht |first=Georg |last=Wislicenus |date=2007 |place=Leipzig}}</ref><ref name=JSE>{{cite book|title=Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste: 25.Theil |first=Johann Samuel |last=Ersch |date=1846 |place=Leipzig}}</ref><ref name=JFD>{{cite book|title=Synchronistische Geschichte der Kirche und der Welt im Mittelalter: Vol.12 |first=Joseph F. |last=Damberger |date=1851 |place=Regensburg}}</ref>
|combatant1 = {{flag|Republic of Genoa}}<br><ref name=ROU/><ref name=SEE>{{cite book|title=Deutschlands Seemacht |first=Georg |last=Wislicenus |date=2007 |place=Leipzig}}</ref><ref name=JSE>{{cite book|title=Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste: 25.Theil |first=Johann Samuel |last=Ersch |date=1846 |place=Leipzig}}</ref><ref name=JFD>{{cite book|title=Synchronistische Geschichte der Kirche und der Welt im Mittelalter: Vol.12 |first=Joseph F. |last=Damberger |date=1851 |place=Regensburg}}</ref>
|combatant2 =[[File:Medflagvenice.png|22px]] [[Republic of Venice]]<br><ref name=ROU/><ref name=SEE/><ref name=JSE/><ref name=JFD/>
|combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Naval and land fortifications flag of the Republic of Venice (XII-XIII century).svg}} [[Republic of Venice]]<br><ref name=ROU/><ref name=SEE/><ref name=JSE/><ref name=JFD/>
|commander1 =[[File:Flag of Genoa.svg|23px]] [[Lamba Doria]]<br><ref name=KLE/><ref name=LEO/><ref name=SEE/><ref name=PAP>{{cite book|title=Storia dei papi da san Pietro a Pio IX. |first=Aurelio |last=Bianchi Giovini |date=1871 |place=Milan}}</ref>
|commander1 = [[Lamba Doria]]<br><ref name=KLE/><ref name=LEO/><ref name=SEE/><ref name=PAP>{{cite book|title=Storia dei papi da san Pietro a Pio IX. |first=Aurelio |last=Bianchi Giovini |date=1871 |place=Milan}}</ref>
|commander2 =[[File:Medflagvenice.png|17px]] [[Andrea Dandolo (admiral)|Andrea Dandolo]] [[Killed in Action|†]]<br>[[File:Medflagvenice.png|17px]] Matteo Quirini [[Killed in Action|†]]<br><ref name=LEO/><ref name=SEE/><ref name=JFD/><ref name=HAZ>{{cite book|title=History of the Venetian republic: Vol.2 |first=William Carew |last=Hazlitt |date=1860 |place=London}}</ref>
|commander2 = [[Andrea Dandolo (admiral)|Andrea Dandolo]]{{KIA}}<br> Matteo Quirini{{KIA}}<br><ref name=LEO/><ref name=SEE/><ref name=JFD/><ref name=HAZ>{{cite book|title=History of the Venetian republic: Vol.2 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Pf87AAAAMAAJ |first=William Carew |last=Hazlitt |date=1860 |place=London}}</ref>
|units1 =
|units1 =
|units2 =
|units2 =
|strength1 =66–75 galleys<ref name=SEE/><ref name=JFD/><ref name=ESM>{{cite book|title=Sketches from Venetian history: Vol.1 |first=Edward |last=Smedley |date=1832 |place=New York}}</ref>
|strength1 = 66–75 galleys<ref name=SEE/><ref name=JFD/><ref name=ESM>{{cite book|title=Sketches from Venetian history: Vol.1 |url=https://archive.org/details/sketchesfromven01smedgoog |first=Edward |last=Smedley |date=1832 |place=New York}}</ref>
|strength2 =95 galleys<ref name=LEO/><ref name=JSE/><ref name=ESM/><ref name=CUP>{{cite book|title=Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations |first=Donal M. |last=Nicol |date=1992 |place=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
|strength2 = 95 galleys<ref name=LEO/><ref name=JSE/><ref name=ESM/><ref name=CUP>{{Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations}}</ref>
|casualties1 =Heavy<ref name=HAZ/>
|casualties1 = Heavy<ref name=HAZ/>
|casualties2 =7,000–9,000 killed<br><ref name=PAP/><ref name=CUP/><ref name=LIG>{{cite book|title=Genova, Pisa e il Mediterraneo tra Due e Trecento |last=Società ligure di storia patria |date=1984 |place=Genoa}}</ref><br>5,000–7,000 captured<br><ref name=JFD/><ref name=PAP/><ref name=HAZ/><ref name=ESM/><br>65–83 galleys lost<br><ref name=SEE/><ref name=JSE/><ref name=ESM/><ref name=LIG/>
|casualties2 = 7,000–9,000{{efn|5,000–7,000 captured<ref name=JFD/><ref name=PAP/><ref name=HAZ/><ref name=ESM/>}} killed<br><ref name=PAP/><ref name=CUP/><ref name=LIG>{{cite book|title=Genova, Pisa e il Mediterraneo tra Due e Trecento |last=Società ligure di storia patria |date=1984 |place=Genoa}}</ref><br>65–83 galleys lost<br><ref name=SEE/><ref name=JSE/><ref name=ESM/><ref name=LIG/>
|notes =
|notes =
|campaignbox =
|campaignbox =
}}
}}
'''Battle of Curzola''' (or '''Battle of Korčula''',<ref name=CUP/> from the modern name of the place along the coast of southern [[Dalmatia]], now in [[Croatia]]) was the [[naval battle]] which was fought on September 9, 1298 between the fleets of [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] and [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]; it was a disaster for Venice, a major setback among many battles fought in the 13th and 14th centuries between [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]], Genoa and Venice in a long series of wars for the control of [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[Levant]]ine trade.
The '''Battle of Curzola''' (today [[Korčula]],<ref name=CUP/> southern [[Dalmatia]], now in [[Croatia]]) was a [[naval battle]] fought on 9 September 1298 between the [[Genoese navy|Genoese]] and [[Venetian navy|Venetian navies]]. It was a disaster for Venice, a major setback among the many battles fought in the 13th and 14th centuries between [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]], Genoa, and Venice in a long series of wars for the control of [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[Levant]]ine trade.


== Battle ==
== Battle ==
The battle took place in the channel between the island of [[Korčula|Curzola]] (Korčula) and the mainland peninsula of [[Pelješac|Sabbioncello]] (Pelješac), and ashore, where Venetian men had been landed on the island's far side.{{cn|date=May 2013}} The Venetians were led by [[Admiral]] [[Andrea Dandolo (admiral)|Andrea Dandolo]], son of Doge [[Giovanni Dandolo]], and the Genoese by [[Lamba Doria]], whose son was killed in the fighting: "Throw my son overboard into the deep sea," Doria was said to have ordered: "What better resting place can we give him?".{{cn|date=May 2013}}
The battle took place in the channel between the island of [[Korčula|Curzola]] (Korčula) and the mainland peninsula of [[Pelješac|Sabbioncello]] (Pelješac), and ashore, where Venetian troops had been landed on the island's far side. The Venetians were led by [[Admiral]] [[Andrea Dandolo (admiral)|Andrea Dandolo]], son of [[Doge (title)|Doge]] [[Giovanni Dandolo]], and the Genoese by [[Lamba Doria]], whose son was killed in the fighting: "Throw my son overboard into the deep sea," Doria was said to have ordered. "What better resting place can we give him?".{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}


[[File:Venetian galley at Curzola-engraving.jpg|180px|thumb|left|Venetian galley at Curzola]]
[[File:Venetian galley at Curzola-engraving.jpg|180px|thumb|left|Venetian galley at Curzola]]
The fleet of the two states were apparently equal in number, but, after the Venetians ran their galleys aground while trying to capture the Genoese galleys, Doria exhibited superior strategy and managed to inflict a resounding defeat on his enemies. The disaster seemed almost complete for Venice: 83 of their 95 ships were destroyed and about 7,000 men were killed.<ref name=CUP/> The Genoese were victorious and Dandolo committed suicide in his first days of captivity. Venice suffered heavy losses, but she managed to immediately equip another 100 [[galley]]s and tried to obtain reasonable peace conditions that did not significatively hampered its power and prosperity.{{cn|date=May 2013}}
The fleets of the two states were apparently equal in number, but, after the Venetians ran their [[galley]]s aground while trying to capture the Genoese galleys, Doria exhibited superior strategy and managed to inflict a resounding defeat on his enemies. The disaster seemed almost complete for Venice: 83 of their 95 ships were destroyed and about 7,000 men were killed.<ref name=CUP/> Dandolo was captured by the Genoese but committed suicide soon afterwards. Venice suffered heavy losses, but she managed to immediately equip another 100 [[galley]]s and sought to obtain reasonable peace conditions that did not significantly hamper its power and prosperity.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}


According to a later tradition (16th Century) recorded by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], [[Marco Polo]] was one of those among the Venetian prisoners and he dictated [[The Travels of Marco Polo|his famous book]] during the few months of his imprisonment; but whether he was actually caught at this battle or at a previous minor engagement near [[Ayas (city)|Laiazzo]] (Ayas) is unclear.<ref>Polo, Marco; Latham, Ronald (translator) (1958). ''The Travels of Marco Polo'', p. 16. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-044057-7.</ref>
According to a later tradition (16th century) recorded by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], [[Marco Polo]] was one of those among the Venetian prisoners and he dictated [[The Travels of Marco Polo|his famous book]] during the few months of his imprisonment; but whether he was actually captured at this battle or at a previous minor engagement near [[Ayas (city)|Laiazzo]] is unclear.<ref>Polo, Marco; Latham, Ronald (translator) (1958). ''The Travels of Marco Polo'', p. 16. New York: Penguin Books. {{ISBN|0-14-044057-7}}.</ref>

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
*[http://www.korcula.net/mpolo/mpbitka2005.htm The naval battle dramatised by Korculans]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180816053157/http://www.korcula.net/mpolo/mpbitka2005.htm The naval battle dramatised by Korculans]
*[http://www.korcula.net/mpolo/mpolo7.htm History of the battle by Dr Zivan Fillipi]
*[http://www.korcula.net/mpolo/mpolo7.htm History of the battle by Dr Zivan Fillipi]


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[[Category:1298 in Europe]]
{{coord missing|Croatia}}
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[[Category:War of Curzola]]

[[Category:1298 in Italy]]
[[Category:Naval battles of the Venetian–Genoese wars|Curzola]]
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1298|Curzola]]

[[Category:Naval battles of the Middle Ages|Curzola]]
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[[Category:Battles involving Genoa|Curzola]]
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[[Category:Naval battles involving Genoa|Curzola]]
[[Category:Military history of the Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Naval battles involving the Republic of Venice|Curzola]]
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1298]]
[[Category:History of the Adriatic Sea]]
[[Category:History of the Adriatic Sea]]
[[Category:13th-century military history of Croatia|Curzola]]

Latest revision as of 20:00, 15 July 2024

Battle of Curzola
Part of the War of Curzola

The Triumph of Lamba Doria
DateSeptember 8, 1298[1]
Location
Curzola, Adriatic Sea, Dalmatia
42°52′3.000″N 16°58′23.999″E / 42.86750000°N 16.97333306°E / 42.86750000; 16.97333306
Result Genoese victory[1][5][6]
Belligerents
 Republic of Genoa
[1][2][3][4]		 Republic of Venice
[1][2][3][4]
Commanders and leaders
Lamba Doria
[5][6][2][7]		 Andrea Dandolo †
Matteo Quirini †
[6][2][4][8]
Strength
66–75 galleys[2][4][9] 95 galleys[6][3][9][10]
Casualties and losses
Heavy[8] 7,000–9,000[a] killed
[7][10][11]
65–83 galleys lost
[2][3][9][11]
Battle of Curzola is located in Croatia
Battle of Curzola
class=notpageimage|
Location within Croatia

The Battle of Curzola (today Korčula,[10] southern Dalmatia, now in Croatia) was a naval battle fought on 9 September 1298 between the Genoese and Venetian navies. It was a disaster for Venice, a major setback among the many battles fought in the 13th and 14th centuries between Pisa, Genoa, and Venice in a long series of wars for the control of Mediterranean and Levantine trade.

Battle

[edit]

The battle took place in the channel between the island of Curzola (Korčula) and the mainland peninsula of Sabbioncello (Pelješac), and ashore, where Venetian troops had been landed on the island's far side. The Venetians were led by Admiral Andrea Dandolo, son of Doge Giovanni Dandolo, and the Genoese by Lamba Doria, whose son was killed in the fighting: "Throw my son overboard into the deep sea," Doria was said to have ordered. "What better resting place can we give him?".[citation needed]

Venetian galley at Curzola

The fleets of the two states were apparently equal in number, but, after the Venetians ran their galleys aground while trying to capture the Genoese galleys, Doria exhibited superior strategy and managed to inflict a resounding defeat on his enemies. The disaster seemed almost complete for Venice: 83 of their 95 ships were destroyed and about 7,000 men were killed.[10] Dandolo was captured by the Genoese but committed suicide soon afterwards. Venice suffered heavy losses, but she managed to immediately equip another 100 galleys and sought to obtain reasonable peace conditions that did not significantly hamper its power and prosperity.[citation needed]

According to a later tradition (16th century) recorded by Giovanni Battista Ramusio, Marco Polo was one of those among the Venetian prisoners and he dictated his famous book during the few months of his imprisonment; but whether he was actually captured at this battle or at a previous minor engagement near Laiazzo is unclear.[12]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ 5,000–7,000 captured[4][7][8][9]

Sources

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Wislicenus, Georg (2007). Deutschlands Seemacht. Leipzig.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ a b c d Ersch, Johann Samuel (1846). Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste: 25.Theil. Leipzig.
  4. ^ a b c d e Damberger, Joseph F. (1851). Synchronistische Geschichte der Kirche und der Welt im Mittelalter: Vol.12. Regensburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ a b Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia: Vol.1. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ a b c d Leo, Heinrich (1829). Geschichte der italienischen Staaten: -4. th. Vom Jahre 1268 bis 1492. Hamburg.
  7. ^ a b c Bianchi Giovini, Aurelio (1871). Storia dei papi da san Pietro a Pio IX. Milan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ a b c Hazlitt, William Carew (1860). History of the Venetian republic: Vol.2. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ a b c d Smedley, Edward (1832). Sketches from Venetian history: Vol.1. New York.
  10. ^ a b c d Nicol, Donald M. (1988). Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34157-4.
  11. ^ a b Società ligure di storia patria (1984). Genova, Pisa e il Mediterraneo tra Due e Trecento. Genoa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ Polo, Marco; Latham, Ronald (translator) (1958). The Travels of Marco Polo, p. 16. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-044057-7.
[edit]
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