Paleontology in Florida: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 02:49, 16 July 2024

Paleontology in Florida refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Florida. Florida has a very rich fossil record spanning from the Eocene to recent times. Florida fossils are often very well preserved.^[1]

The oldest known fossils in Florida date back to the Eocene. At this time Florida was covered in a sea home to a variety of marine invertebrates and the primitive whales, such as Basilosaurus. During the later Miocene Florida was exposed as dry land again due to geologic uplift and mountain building. In the Florida Keys, however, coral reefs were forming. The marine environments of Pliocene Florida were home to creatures like dugongs, porpoises, sharks, and whales. On land, camels, dogs, horses, relatives of modern elephants, saber toothed cats, and tapirs inhabited the state. The period of time best documented in the fossil record of Florida is the Pleistocene epoch. In fact, Florida is the best source of Pleistocene mammals in the world.^{[citation needed]} Among them were short-faced bears, saber-toothed cats, glyptodonts, mammoths, mastodons, giant ground sloths, and wolves.^[2]

Prehistory

Florida has a very rich fossil record.^[3] Its geologic history is also complex. The rock underlying Florida was originally part of Gondwana and did not become part of North America until the Permian, when Pangaea formed. During the Mesozoic Pangaea began to divide again and Florida was left attached to North America.^[4] However, no dinosaur fossils are known from the state though they likely lived there.^[5] In fact no fossils are known from surface deposits older than the Eocene.^[1] Nevertheless, the geologic record contributes to science's ability to reconstruct the history of Florida's changing Mesozoic environment. During the Cretaceous the Florida peninsula was much wider due to regions now submerged as continental shelf being exposed to the air. Later into the Cretaceous northern Florida was covered by rising seas connecting the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic. This passage of water was called the Suwannee Straits.^[1]

A shallow sea grew to cover most of the state during the Paleogene. Clams, echinoderms, and gastropods lived here.^[4] Cenozoic limestone formed in such environments is common in Florida and rich in fossils. The oldest fossil-bearing geologic deposits in Florida are of Eocene age.^[1] During the Eocene, primitive whales like Basilosaurus swam over Florida. Other inhabitants included large numbers of shelled invertebrates, sharks, and sirenians.^[6] Oligocene fossils in Florida provide evidence for a diverse terrestrial fauna.^[6]^[7]^[8] During the early Miocene uplift and mountain building filled in the Suwannee Strait. At this point coral reefs were forming in the Florida Keys.^[1] The Thomas Farm Quarry is the richest source of Miocene mammal fossils in the eastern US.^[1] During the ensuing Pliocene, Florida was home to amphibians, bears, a variety of birds, camelids, crocodilians, deer, dogs, dugongs, at least six genera of horses, peccaries, porpoises, relatives of modern elephants, rays, saber toothed cats, seals, sharks, tapirs, turtles, and whales. The remains of all these creatures have been found in a region of Polk County called Bone Valley.^[6] Late Tertiary vertebrate fossils are known from southern Florida. during these animals' lifetimes the southern 300 kilometers of Florida was still under water.^[9] Late Tertiary sediments of Gilchrist County preserve badgers, Kodiak bears, camels, dogs, horses, rhinos and more.^[10] Mammoths, mastodons, sloths, giant beavers, and ungulates were preserved near Gainesville.^[11]

The Pleistocene limestones of the Florida Keys are rich in fossils.^[12] The Pleistocene is the epoch of time best represented in Florida's fossil record.^[6] In fact, Florida's Pleistocene sediments are regarded as the best source of Pleistocene fossils in the world, especially for the mammals of that age.^[3] Also, Pleistocene Florida had a greater diversity of terrestrial vertebrates than any other place and time in North American history.^[13] At the time, the local sea level began to rise and fall along with the amount of water tied up in the glaciers covering the northern part of the continent. When the sea would withdraw savannas formed.^[4] Herds of American mastodon and Columbian mammoth browsed and grazed on the local foliage. The gigantic ground sloth Eremotherium was another contemporary large herbivore. Others included the antelope, bison, deer, armored glyptodonts, and the modern horse. These were preyed upon by predators like short-faced bears, jaguars, saber-toothed cats, lions, dire wolves, and wolves.^[6]^[14]^[15]

History

In 1931, a farmer uncovered some bones while plowing his field. He thought he had stumbled on a Native American graveyard. However, the bones turned out to be fossils and were bought by the University of Florida. The prehistoric creatures whose remains were preserved here include a large dog-like bear, two different kinds of camels, several different species of horse, and a pig-like animal.^[16] In 1963 several new Miocene fossil sites were discovered. One was found in the far northern region of the state, near its border with Georgia. Another was found near Ocala and a third discovery occurred in Hernando County. The Hernando County site preserved the remains of animals like alligators, members of the dog family, oreodonts, rhinoceroses, and tapirs.^[17]

Protected areas

Windley Key Fossil Reef Geological State Park

Notable paleontologist

Deaths

Walter Auffenberg died in Gainesville on January 17, 2004 at age 75.
Pierce Brodkorb died in Gainesville on July 18, 1992.
Cesare Emiliani died in Palm Beach Gardens on 20 July 1995

Natural history museums

Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville
Bishop Museum, Bradenton
Mulberry Phosphate Museum, Mulberry
Orlando Science Center, Orlando
Palm Beach Museum of Natural History, Wellington
Paleo Preserve Fossil Museum, Ruskin

Notable clubs and associations

Bone Valley Fossil Society^[18]
Florida Fossil Hunters^[18]
Florida Paleontological Society^[18]
Fossil Club of Miami^[18]
Southwest Florida Fossil Club^[18]
Tampa Bay Fossil Club^[18]

Events

Fossil Fair^[19]

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Murray (1974); "Florida", page 119.
^ Simpson, George Gaylord (1930). "Tertiary land mammals of Florida. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 59, article 3". hdl:2246/344. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ ^a ^b Murray (1974); "Florida", page 118.
^ ^a ^b ^c Portell, Hulbert, Springer, and Scotchmoor (2005); "Paleontology and geology".
^ Brown (2008); "Florida: A Great Place to Find Fossils", page 14.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Murray (1974); "Florida", page 121.
^ Patton, Thomas H. (1969). "An Oligocene Land Vertebrate Fauna from Florida". Journal of Paleontology. 43 (2): 543–546. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1302330.
^ "I-75 Site". Florida Museum. 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
^ Picconi (2003); "Ancient Seascapes of the Coastal Plain: Muddy, oxygen-rich environments & Silty-sandy environments preserved as gray shale", page 99.
^ Picconi (2003); "Terrestrial Environments: Intertidal areas, rivers, lakes, land preserved as sand, silt, clay", page 100.
^ Picconi (2003); "Ice Age environments recorded by unconsolidated sediment", page 101.
^ Picconi (2003); "Ancient Seascapes of the Coastal Plain: Clear, shallow environments preserved as limestone", page 99.
^ Murray (1974); "Florida", pages 118-119.
^ "Pleistocene Fossil Canid Ratios Recorded in the University of Florida Database". GeorgiaBeforePeople. 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
^ "Pleistocene Fossil Felid Ratios from the University of Florida Database". GeorgiaBeforePeople. 2012-01-16. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
^ Murray (1974); "Florida", pages 121-122.
^ Murray (1974); "Florida", page 122.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Garcia and Miller (1998); "Appendix C: Major Fossil Clubs", page 198.
^ Garcia and Miller (1998); "Appendix B: Major Fossil Shows", page 196.

References

Brown, R.C. (2008). Florida's Fossils: Guide to Location, Identification, and Enjoyment (third ed.). Pineapple Press. ISBN 978-1-56164-409-4.
Garcia; Frank A. Garcia; Donald S. Miller (1998). Discovering Fossils. Stackpole Books. pp. 212. ISBN 0811728005.
Murray, Marian (1974). Hunting for Fossils: A Guide to Finding and Collecting Fossils in All 50 States. Collier Books. p. 348. ISBN 9780020935506.
Picconi, J. E. 2003. The Teacher-Friendly Guide to the Geology of the Southeastern U.S. Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, NY.
Portell, Roger, Richard Hulbert, Dale Springer, Judy Scotchmoor. June 29, 2005. "Florida, US." The Paleontology Portal. Accessed September 21, 2012.
Renz, Mark (1999). FOSSILING IN FLORIDA: A Guide for Diggers and Divers (Third ed.). University Press of Florida. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-8130-1677-1.
Renz, Mark (2005). Giants in the Storm (First ed.). PaleoPress. p. 263. ISBN 0-9719477-2-4.
Renz, Mark (2006). MEGALODON: Hunting the Hunter (Third ed.). PaleoPress. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-9719477-0-2.

External links

[50states-florida-119-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Murray (1974); "Florida", page 119.

[2] Simpson, George Gaylord (1930). "Tertiary land mammals of Florida. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 59, article 3". hdl:2246/344. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[50states-florida-118-3] Murray (1974); "Florida", page 118.

[florida-paleoportal-general-4] Portell, Hulbert, Springer, and Scotchmoor (2005); "Paleontology and geology".

[brown-dino-14-5] Brown (2008); "Florida: A Great Place to Find Fossils", page 14.

[50states-florida-121-6] Murray (1974); "Florida", page 121.

[7] Patton, Thomas H. (1969). "An Oligocene Land Vertebrate Fauna from Florida". Journal of Paleontology. 43 (2): 543–546. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1302330.

[8] "I-75 Site". Florida Museum. 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2021-09-07.

[southeast-muddy-99-9] Picconi (2003); "Ancient Seascapes of the Coastal Plain: Muddy, oxygen-rich environments & Silty-sandy environments preserved as gray shale", page 99.

[southeast-terrestrial-100-10] Picconi (2003); "Terrestrial Environments: Intertidal areas, rivers, lakes, land preserved as sand, silt, clay", page 100.

[southeast-ice-101-11] Picconi (2003); "Ice Age environments recorded by unconsolidated sediment", page 101.

[southeast-clear-99-12] Picconi (2003); "Ancient Seascapes of the Coastal Plain: Clear, shallow environments preserved as limestone", page 99.

[50states-florida-118-119-13] Murray (1974); "Florida", pages 118-119.

[14] "Pleistocene Fossil Canid Ratios Recorded in the University of Florida Database". GeorgiaBeforePeople. 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-16.

[15] "Pleistocene Fossil Felid Ratios from the University of Florida Database". GeorgiaBeforePeople. 2012-01-16. Retrieved 2022-01-16.

[50states-florida-121-122-16] Murray (1974); "Florida", pages 121-122.

[50states-florida-122-17] Murray (1974); "Florida", page 122.

[garciamiller-appendixc-198-18] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Garcia and Miller (1998); "Appendix C: Major Fossil Clubs", page 198.

[garciamiller-appendixb-196-19] Garcia and Miller (1998); "Appendix B: Major Fossil Shows", page 196.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Paleontological research in the U.S. state of Florida}}
 [[image:Map of USA FL.svg|thumb|The location of the [[state of Florida]]]]
 '''Paleontology in Florida''' refers to [[paleontological]] research occurring within or conducted by people from the [[U.S. state]] of [[Florida]]. Florida has a very rich [[fossil record]] spanning from the [[Eocene]] to recent times. Florida fossils are often very well preserved.<ref name="50states-florida-119" />
-The oldest known fossils in Florida date back to the [[Eocene]]. At this time Florida was covered in a [[sea]] home to a variety of marine invertebrates and the primitive [[whales]] ''[[Basilosaurus]]'' and ''[[Pontogenous]]''. During the later [[Miocene]] Florida was exposed as dry land again due to [[geologic uplift]] and [[mountain building]]. In the [[Florida Keys]], however, [[coral reefs]] were forming. The marine environments of [[Pliocene]] Florida were home to creatures like [[dugongs]], [[porpoises]], [[sharks]], and [[whales]]. On land, [[camel]]s, [[dog]]s, [[horse]]s, [[Proboscideans|relatives of modern elephants]], [[saber toothed cat]]s, and [[tapirs]] inhabited the state. The period of time best documented in the fossil record of Florida is the [[Pleistocene epoch]]. In fact, Florida is the best source of Pleistocene [[mammals]] in the world. Among them were [[short-faced bear]]s, [[saber-toothed cat]]s, [[glyptodonts]], [[mammoths]], [[mastodons]], [[giant ground sloths]], and [[wolves]].
+The oldest known fossils in Florida date back to the [[Eocene]]. At this time Florida was covered in a [[sea]] home to a variety of marine invertebrates and the primitive [[whales]], such as ''[[Basilosaurus]]''. During the later [[Miocene]] Florida was exposed as dry land again due to [[geologic uplift]] and [[mountain building]]. In the [[Florida Keys]], however, [[coral reefs]] were forming. The marine environments of [[Pliocene]] Florida were home to creatures like [[dugongs]], [[porpoises]], [[sharks]], and [[whales]]. On land, [[camel]]s, [[dog]]s, [[horse]]s, [[Proboscideans|relatives of modern elephants]], [[saber toothed cat]]s, and [[tapirs]] inhabited the state. The period of time best documented in the fossil record of Florida is the [[Pleistocene epoch]]. In fact, Florida is the best source of Pleistocene [[mammals]] in the world.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} Among them were [[Arctodus|short-faced bear]]s, [[saber-toothed cat]]s, [[glyptodonts]], [[mammoths]], [[mastodons]], [[giant ground sloths]], and [[wolves]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simpson|first=George Gaylord|date=1930|title=Tertiary land mammals of Florida. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 59, article 3.|hdl=2246/344 |url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/344|language=en-US}}</ref>
 ==Prehistory==
 [[Image:Basilosaurus.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Reconstruction of ''[[Basilosaurus]]'']]
-Florida has a very rich [[fossil record]].<ref name="50states-florida-118" /> Its geologic history is also complex. The rock underlying Florida was originally part of [[Gondwana]] and did not become part of North America until the [[Permian]], when [[Pangaea]] formed. During the [[Mesozoic]] Pangaea began to divide again and Florida was left attached to North America.<ref name="florida-paleoportal-general" /> However, no [[dinosaur]] fossils are known from the state.<ref name="brown-dino-14" /> In fact no fossils are known from surface deposits older than the [[Eocene]].<ref name="50states-florida-119" /> Nevertheless, the [[geologic record]] contributes to science's ability to reconstruct the history of Florida's changing [[Mesozoic]] environment. During the [[Cretaceous]] the Florida peninsula was much wider due to regions now submerged as [[continental shelf]] being exposed to the air. Later into the Cretaceous northern Florida was covered by rising [[sea]]s connecting the [[Gulf of Mexico]] to the [[Atlantic]]. This passage of water was called the [[Suwannee Straits]].<ref name="50states-florida-119" />
+Florida has a very rich [[fossil record]].<ref name="50states-florida-118" /> Its geologic history is also complex. The rock underlying Florida was originally part of [[Gondwana]] and did not become part of North America until the [[Permian]], when [[Pangaea]] formed. During the [[Mesozoic]] Pangaea began to divide again and Florida was left attached to North America.<ref name="florida-paleoportal-general" /> However, no [[dinosaur]] fossils are known from the state though they likely lived there.<ref name="brown-dino-14" /> In fact no fossils are known from surface deposits older than the [[Eocene]].<ref name="50states-florida-119" /> Nevertheless, the [[geologic record]] contributes to science's ability to reconstruct the history of Florida's changing [[Mesozoic]] environment. During the [[Cretaceous]] the Florida peninsula was much wider due to regions now submerged as [[continental shelf]] being exposed to the air. Later into the Cretaceous northern Florida was covered by rising [[sea]]s connecting the [[Gulf of Mexico]] to the [[Atlantic]]. This passage of water was called the [[Suwannee Straits]].<ref name="50states-florida-119" />
-A shallow sea grew to cover most of the state during the [[Tertiary]]. [[Clams]], [[echinoderms]], and [[gastropods]] lived here.<ref name="florida-paleoportal-general" /> [[Cenozoic]] [[limestone]] formed in such environments is common in Florida and rich in fossils. The oldest fossil-bearing geologic deposits in Florida are of [[Eocene]] age.<ref name="50states-florida-119" /> During the Eocene, primitive whales like ''[[Basilosaurus]]'' and ''[[Pontogenous]]'' swam over Florida. Other inhabitants included large numbers of shelled invertebrates, [[sharks]], and [[sirenians]].<ref name="50states-florida-121" /> [[Oligocene]] fossils in Florida provide evidence for a diverse terrestrial fauna.<ref name="50states-florida-121" /> During the early [[Miocene]] [[Tectonic uplift|uplift]] and [[mountain building]] filled in the Suwannee Strait. At this point [[coral reefs]] were forming in the [[Florida Keys]].<ref name="50states-florida-119" /> The Thomas Farm Quarry is the richest source of Miocene mammal fossils in the eastern US.<ref name="50states-florida-119" /> During the ensuing [[Pliocene]], Florida was home to [[amphibian]]s, [[bear]]s, a variety of [[bird]]s, [[camelid]]s, [[crocodilian]]s, [[deer]], [[dog]]s, [[dugong]]s, at least six [[genera]] of [[horses]], [[Peccary|peccaries]], [[porpoises]], [[Proboscideans|relatives of modern elephants]], [[ray (fish)|ray]]s, [[saber toothed cat]]s, [[Pinniped|seals]], [[shark]]s, [[tapir]]s, [[turtle]]s, and [[whale]]s. The remains of all these creatures have been found in a region of [[Polk County, Florida|Polk County]] called Bone Valley.<ref name="50states-florida-121" /> Late Tertiary vertebrate fossils are known from southern Florida. during these animals' lifetimes the southern 300 kilometers of Florida was still under water.<ref name="southeast-muddy-99" /> Late Tertiary sediments of [[Gilchrist County, Florida|Gilchrist County]] preserve [[badger]]s, [[Kodiak bear]]s, [[camel]]s, [[dog]]s, [[horse]]s, [[rhinos]] and more.<ref name="southeast-terrestrial-100" /> [[Mammoths]], [[mastodons]], [[sloth]]s, giant [[beaver]]s, and [[ungulates]] were preserved near [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]].<ref name="southeast-ice-101" />
+A shallow sea grew to cover most of the state during the [[Paleogene]]. [[Clams]], [[echinoderms]], and [[gastropods]] lived here.<ref name="florida-paleoportal-general" /> [[Cenozoic]] [[limestone]] formed in such environments is common in Florida and rich in fossils. The oldest fossil-bearing geologic deposits in Florida are of [[Eocene]] age.<ref name="50states-florida-119" /> During the Eocene, primitive whales like ''[[Basilosaurus]]'' swam over Florida. Other inhabitants included large numbers of shelled invertebrates, [[sharks]], and [[sirenians]].<ref name="50states-florida-121" /> [[Oligocene]] fossils in Florida provide evidence for a diverse terrestrial fauna.<ref name="50states-florida-121" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Patton|first=Thomas H.|date=1969|title=An Oligocene Land Vertebrate Fauna from Florida|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1302330|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=43|issue=2|pages=543–546|jstor=1302330 |issn=0022-3360}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-27|title=I-75 Site|url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-vertebrate-fossils/sites/i-75-site/|access-date=2021-09-07|website=Florida Museum|language=en-US}}</ref> During the early [[Miocene]] [[Tectonic uplift|uplift]] and [[mountain building]] filled in the Suwannee Strait. At this point [[coral reefs]] were forming in the [[Florida Keys]].<ref name="50states-florida-119" /> The Thomas Farm Quarry is the richest source of Miocene mammal fossils in the eastern US.<ref name="50states-florida-119" /> During the ensuing [[Pliocene]], Florida was home to [[amphibian]]s, [[bear]]s, a variety of [[bird]]s, [[camelid]]s, [[crocodilian]]s, [[deer]], [[dog]]s, [[dugong]]s, at least six [[genera]] of [[horses]], [[Peccary|peccaries]], [[porpoises]], [[Proboscideans|relatives of modern elephants]], [[ray (fish)|ray]]s, [[saber toothed cat]]s, [[Pinniped|seals]], [[shark]]s, [[tapir]]s, [[turtle]]s, and [[whale]]s. The remains of all these creatures have been found in a region of [[Polk County, Florida|Polk County]] called Bone Valley.<ref name="50states-florida-121" /> Late Tertiary vertebrate fossils are known from southern Florida. during these animals' lifetimes the southern 300 kilometers of Florida was still under water.<ref name="southeast-muddy-99" /> Late Tertiary sediments of [[Gilchrist County, Florida|Gilchrist County]] preserve [[badger]]s, [[Kodiak bear]]s, [[camel]]s, [[dog]]s, [[horse]]s, [[rhinos]] and more.<ref name="southeast-terrestrial-100" /> [[Mammoths]], [[mastodons]], [[sloth]]s, giant [[beaver]]s, and [[ungulates]] were preserved near [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]].<ref name="southeast-ice-101" />
-The [[Pleistocene]] limestones of the [[Florida Keys]] are rich in fossils.<ref name="southeast-clear-99" /> The Pleistocene is the epoch of time best represented in Florida's fossil record.<ref name="50states-florida-121" /> In fact, Florida's Pleistocene sediments are regarded as the best source of Pleistocene fossils in the world, especially for the mammals of that age.<ref name="50states-florida-118" /> Also, Pleistocene Florida had a greater diversity of terrestrial vertebrates than any other place and time in North American history.<ref name="50states-florida-118-119" /> At the time, the local sea level began to rise and fall along with the amount of water tied up in the glaciers covering the northern part of the continent. When the sea would withdraw savannas formed.<ref name="florida-paleoportal-general" /> Herds of [[American mastodon]] and ''[[Mammuthus floridanus]]'' browsed and grazes on the local foliage. The gigantic [[ground sloth]] ''[[Eremotherium]]'' was another contemporary large herbivore. Others included the [[antelope]], [[bison]], deer, armored [[glyptodonts]], and the [[Equus (genus)|modern horse]]. These were preyed upon by predators like [[short-faced bear]]s, [[saber-toothed cat]]s, [[American lion|lions]], and [[Wolf|wolves]].<ref name="50states-florida-121" />
+The [[Pleistocene]] limestones of the [[Florida Keys]] are rich in fossils.<ref name="southeast-clear-99" /> The Pleistocene is the epoch of time best represented in Florida's fossil record.<ref name="50states-florida-121" /> In fact, Florida's Pleistocene sediments are regarded as the best source of Pleistocene fossils in the world, especially for the mammals of that age.<ref name="50states-florida-118" /> Also, Pleistocene Florida had a greater diversity of terrestrial vertebrates than any other place and time in North American history.<ref name="50states-florida-118-119" /> At the time, the local sea level began to rise and fall along with the amount of water tied up in the glaciers covering the northern part of the continent. When the sea would withdraw savannas formed.<ref name="florida-paleoportal-general" /> Herds of [[American mastodon]] and [[Columbian mammoth]] browsed and grazed on the local foliage. The gigantic [[ground sloth]] ''[[Eremotherium]]'' was another contemporary large herbivore. Others included the [[Pronghorn|antelope]], [[bison]], deer, armored [[glyptodonts]], and the [[Equus (genus)|modern horse]]. These were preyed upon by predators like [[Arctodus|short-faced bear]]s, [[jaguar]]s, [[saber-toothed cat]]s, [[American lion|lions]], [[Dire wolf|dire wolves]], and [[Wolf|wolves]].<ref name="50states-florida-121" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|title=Pleistocene Fossil Canid Ratios Recorded in the University of Florida Database|url=https://markgelbart.wordpress.com/2012/01/11/pleistocene-fossil-canid-ratios-recorded-in-the-university-of-florida-database/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=GeorgiaBeforePeople|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-16|title=Pleistocene Fossil Felid Ratios from the University of Florida Database|url=https://markgelbart.wordpress.com/2012/01/16/pleistocene-fossil-felid-ratios-from-the-university-of-florida-database/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=GeorgiaBeforePeople|language=en}}</ref>
 ==History==
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 * [[Windley Key Fossil Reef Geological State Park]]
+==Notable paleontologist==
-==People==
 ===Deaths===
-* [[Walter Auffenberg]] died in [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]] on January 17th, [[2004 in paleontology|2004]] at age 75.
+* [[Walter Auffenberg]] died in [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]] on January 17, [[2004 in paleontology|2004]] at age 75.
+* [[Pierce Brodkorb]] died in Gainesville on July 18, 1992.
-* [[Pierce Brodkorb]] died in Gainesville on July 18th, 1992.
+* [[Cesare Emiliani]] died in [[Palm Beach Gardens, Florida|Palm Beach Gardens]] on 20 July [[1995 in paleontology|1995]]
-* [[Cesare Emiliani]] died in [[Palm Beach Gardens, Florida|Palm Beach Gardens]] on 20th July [[1995 in paleontology|1995]]
 ==Natural history museums==
 *[[Florida Museum of Natural History]], [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]]
+*[[Bishop Museum of Science and Nature|Bishop Museum]], [[Bradenton, Florida|Bradenton]]
+*[[Mulberry Phosphate Museum]], [[Mulberry, Florida|Mulberry]]
+*[[Orlando Science Center]], [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]]
+*Palm Beach Museum of Natural History, [[Wellington, Florida|Wellington]]
+*Paleo Preserve Fossil Museum, [[Ruskin, Florida|Ruskin]]
 ==Notable clubs and associations==
@@ Line 43: / Line 46: @@
 ==Events==
 * Fossil Fair<ref name="garciamiller-appendixb-196" />
-==See also==
-* [[Paleontology in Alabama]]
-* [[Paleontology in Georgia]]
 ==Footnotes==
 {{Reflist|3|refs=
-<ref name="garciamiller-appendixb-196">"Appendix B: Major Fossil Shows," Garcia and Miller (1998); page 196.</ref>
+<ref name="garciamiller-appendixb-196">Garcia and Miller (1998); "Appendix B: Major Fossil Shows", page 196.</ref>
-<ref name="garciamiller-appendixc-198">"Appendix C: Major Fossil Clubs," Garcia and Miller (1998); page 198.</ref>
+<ref name="garciamiller-appendixc-198">Garcia and Miller (1998); "Appendix C: Major Fossil Clubs", page 198.</ref>
-<ref name="southeast-clear-99">"Ancient Seascapes of the Coastal Plain: Clear, shallow environments preserved as limestone," Picconi (2003); page 99.</ref>
+<ref name="southeast-clear-99">Picconi (2003); "Ancient Seascapes of the Coastal Plain: Clear, shallow environments preserved as limestone", page 99.</ref>
-<ref name="southeast-muddy-99">"Ancient Seascapes of the Coastal Plain: Muddy, oxygen-rich environments & Silty-sandy environments preserved as gray shale," Picconi (2003); page 99.</ref>
+<ref name="southeast-muddy-99">Picconi (2003); "Ancient Seascapes of the Coastal Plain: Muddy, oxygen-rich environments & Silty-sandy environments preserved as gray shale", page 99.</ref>
-<ref name="southeast-terrestrial-100">"Terrestrial Environments: Intertidal areas, rivers, lakes, land preserved as sand, silt, clay," Picconi (2003); page 100.</ref>
+<ref name="southeast-terrestrial-100">Picconi (2003); "Terrestrial Environments: Intertidal areas, rivers, lakes, land preserved as sand, silt, clay", page 100.</ref>
-<ref name="southeast-ice-101">"Ice Age environments recorded by unconsolidated sediment," Picconi (2003); page 101.</ref>
+<ref name="southeast-ice-101">Picconi (2003); "Ice Age environments recorded by unconsolidated sediment", page 101.</ref>
+<ref name="50states-florida-118">[[#murray-1974|Murray (1974)]]; "Florida", page 118.</ref>
+<ref name="50states-florida-118-119">[[#murray-1974|Murray (1974)]]; "Florida", pages 118-119.</ref>
+<ref name="50states-florida-119">[[#murray-1974|Murray (1974)]]; "Florida", page 119.</ref>
+<ref name="50states-florida-121">[[#murray-1974|Murray (1974)]]; "Florida", page 121.</ref>
+<ref name="50states-florida-121-122">[[#murray-1974|Murray (1974)]]; "Florida", pages 121-122.</ref>
+<ref name="50states-florida-122">[[#murray-1974|Murray (1974)]]; "Florida", page 122.</ref>
+<ref name="brown-dino-14">Brown (2008); "Florida: A Great Place to Find Fossils", page 14.</ref>
-<ref name="50states-florida-118">"Florida," Murray (1974); page 118.</ref>
+<ref name="florida-paleoportal-general">Portell, Hulbert, Springer, and Scotchmoor (2005); "Paleontology and geology".</ref>
-<ref name="50states-florida-118-119">"Florida," Murray (1974); pages 118-119.</ref>
-<ref name="50states-florida-119">"Florida," Murray (1974); page 119.</ref>
-<ref name="50states-florida-121">"Florida," Murray (1974); page 121.</ref>
-<ref name="50states-florida-121-122">"Florida," Murray (1974); pages 121-122.</ref>
-<ref name="50states-florida-122">"Florida," Murray (1974); page 122.</ref>
-<ref name="brown-dino-14">"Florida: A Great Place to Find Fossils," Brown (2008); page 14.</ref>
-<ref name="florida-paleoportal-general">"Paleontology and geology," Portell, Hulbert, Springer, and Scotchmoor (2005).</ref>
 }}
@@ Line 86: / Line 76: @@
 ==References==
 {{Portal|Paleontology|Florida}}
+{{commons category|Paleontology in Florida}}
-* {{cite book |title=Florida's Fossils: Guide to Location, Identification, and Enjoyment |author=Brown, R.C. |edition=third |publisher=Pineapple Press |year=2008 |isbn=1-56164-409-9 |page=}}
+* {{cite book |title=Florida's Fossils: Guide to Location, Identification, and Enjoyment |author=Brown, R.C. |edition=third |publisher=Pineapple Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-56164-409-4 }}
-* {{cite book |title= Discovering Fossils |last= Garcia |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= Frank A. Garcia, Donald S. Miller |year= 1998 |publisher= Stackpole Books |location= |isbn= 0811728005 |page= |pages= 212 |url= }}
+* {{cite book |title= Discovering Fossils |last= Garcia |author2= Frank A. Garcia |author3= Donald S. Miller |year= 1998 |publisher= Stackpole Books |isbn= 0811728005 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/discoveringfossi00garc/page/212 212] |url= https://archive.org/details/discoveringfossi00garc/page/212 |url-access= registration }}
-* Murray, Marian. 1974. Hunting for Fossils: A Guide to Finding and Collecting Fossils in All 50 States. Collier Books. 348 pp.
+* {{cite book |ref=murray-1974 | last = Murray | first = Marian | title = Hunting for Fossils: A Guide to Finding and Collecting Fossils in All 50 States | publisher = Collier Books | date = 1974 | pages = 348 | isbn = 9780020935506 }}
 * Picconi, J. E. 2003. The Teacher-Friendly Guide to the Geology of the Southeastern U.S. Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, NY.
-* Portell, Roger,  Richard Hulbert, Dale Springer, Judy Scotchmoor. June 29, 2005. "[http://www.paleoportal.org/index.php?globalnav=time_space&sectionnav=state&name=Florida Florida, US]." [http://www.paleoportal.org/ The Paleontology Portal]. Accessed September 21st, 2012.
+* Portell, Roger,  Richard Hulbert, Dale Springer, Judy Scotchmoor. June 29, 2005. "[http://www.paleoportal.org/index.php?globalnav=time_space&sectionnav=state&name=Florida Florida, US]." [http://www.paleoportal.org/ The Paleontology Portal]. Accessed September 21, 2012.
 * {{cite book |title=FOSSILING IN FLORIDA: A Guide for Diggers and Divers |author=Renz, Mark |edition=Third |publisher=University Press of Florida |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-8130-1677-1 |page= 202}}
 * {{cite book |title=Giants in the Storm |author=Renz, Mark |edition=First |publisher=PaleoPress |year=2005 |isbn=0-9719477-2-4 |page=263}}
@@ Line 97: / Line 87: @@
 ==External links==
-* [http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geology/state/fips-unit.php?state=FL Geologic units in Florida]
+* [https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/fips-unit.php?state=FL Geologic units in Florida]
 * [http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/geologictopics/fossil.htm Florida Department of Environmental Protection]
 * [http://www.floridafossilhunters.com/ Florida Fossil Hunters]
 {{Paleontology in the United States}}
+[[Category:Paleontology in Florida| ]]
-[[Category:Paleontology in the United States|Florida]]
+[[Category:Paleontology in the United States by state|Florida]]
 [[Category:Natural history of Florida]]
 [[Category:Science and technology in Florida]]