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Coordinates: 34°52′47″N 135°42′00″E / 34.87972°N 135.70000°E / 34.87972; 135.70000
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{{Infobox religious building
[[Image:IwashimizuHachimangu.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The Iwashimizu Hachimangu]]
| name = Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine<br />石清水八幡宮
The '''Iwashimizu Shrine''' (or '''Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū''' 石清水八幡宮) is a [[Jinja (shrine)|Shinto shrine]] in the city of [[Yawata, Kyoto|Yawata]] in [[Kyoto Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. Dedicated to [[Hachiman]], the Shinto god of war, it stands on a wooded hill to the south of the city of Kyoto. It ranks with the [[Usa Shrine]] of [[Usa, Oita|Usa]] in [[Oita Prefecture]] and the [[Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine|Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū]] of [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]] in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]] as one of the three most important Hachiman shrines. It was founded in [[859]] during the [[Heian Period|Heian period]]. During the [[Edo Period|Edo period]], the sculptor [[Hidari Jingoro]], who also worked on the [[Nikkō Tōshō-gū]], contributed to the carvings of the Iwashimizu Shrine.
| image = IwashimizuHachimangu.jpg
| caption = The Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine
| map_type = Japan
| map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|34|52|47|N|135|42|00|E|region:JP_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| religious_affiliation = [[Shinto]]
| type = [[Hachiman Shrine]]<br />''[[Kokushi genzaisha]]''<br />''[[Twenty-Two Shrines]]''<br /> ''[[Chokusaisha]]''<br />''[[Beppyo jinja]]''<br />''Shikinaisya''<br />Former ''[[kanpeitaisha]]''
| deity = [[Hachiman]]
| founded_by =
| established = 859
| date_destroyed =
| location = [[Yawata, Kyoto]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.iwashimizu.or.jp/}}
| architecture_style = [[Hachiman-zukuri]]
| festival = iwashimizu-sai (石清水祭) (September 15th)
| leadership =
}}
[[image:Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine - Minami Somon.jpg|thumb|200px|Main gate of the Iwashimizu Hachimangū]]
{{Nihongo|'''Iwashimizu Hachimangū'''|石清水八幡宮}} is a [[Shinto shrine]] in the city of [[Yawata, Kyoto|Yawata]] in [[Kyoto Prefecture]], [[Japan]].


==External link==
==History==
The shrine's [[Heian period]] connections with the Kyoto and the Imperial family date from its founding in 859 (''[[Jōgan]] 1'')<ref name="kanda41">Kanda, Christine Guth. (1985). [https://books.google.com/books?id=xKuEXrKXdOgC&dq=Iwashimizu&pg=PA41 ''Shinzō: Hachiman Imagery and Its Development,'' p. 41.]</ref> when construction on its earliest structures commenced.<ref name="b288">Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' p. 288.</ref> Shrine tradition explains that [[Emperor Seiwa]] ordered the shrine to be built in obeisance to an oracle in which the god [[Hachiman]] expressed the desire to be near to Kyoto to watch over the city and the [[Imperial House of Japan]].<ref name="pf78">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines,'' p. 78.</ref> This vision was reported by a Buddhist monk, [[Gyōkyō]], who had a second vision which led to selecting the Otokoyama location where the shrine now stands.<ref>Kanda, [https://books.google.com/books?id=xKuEXrKXdOgC&dq=Iwashimizu&pg=PA41 p. 42.]</ref> Like other Hachiman shrines, until 1868 Iwashimizu was actually a shrine-temple complex (''[[jingū-ji]]'') called {{nihongo|Iwashimizu Hachimangū-ji|石清水八幡宮寺}} dedicated to Buddhism as much as to ''kami'' worship.<ref>{{EOS|Shinto and Buddhism|826|Satō, Makoto|August 14, 2011}}</ref>
* [http://www.iwashimizu.or.jp/ Official web site] (in Japanese)


The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early [[Heian period]].<ref>Breen, John ''et al.'' (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MADlfH002mAC&q=oharano ''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami,'' pp. 74-75.]</ref> In 965, [[Emperor Murakami]] ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian ''kami'' of Japan. These ''heihaku'' were initially presented to 16 shrines including the Ōharano Shrine.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, ''Studies,'' pp. 116-117.</ref>
[[Category:859 establishments]]
[[Category:Shinto shrines]]
[[Category:Temples and shrines in Kyoto]]


The shrine's importance and influence grew in succeeding centuries; and its extensive landholdings led to modest conflicts with [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] during the years in which the [[Kamakura shogunate]] was establishing itself. The shrine sought to maintain its traditional exemption from contributing to paying the costs of military forces.<ref>Maas, Jeffrey P. (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=XyH_86xBezoC&dq=Iwashimizu&pg=PA202 ''Yoritomo and the Founding of the First Bakufu: The Origins of Dual Government in Japan,'' p. 202.]</ref> In time, the [[bakufu]] faded away; and the shrine endured.
[[de:Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū]]
[[ja:石清水八幡宮]]


''Iwashimizu Hachimangū'' and ''[[Ise Shrine]]'' were specified for {{nihongo|"the two ancestral mausoleum"|二所宗廟}} in the Middle Ages.
{{japan-struct-stub}}

{{reli-struct-stub}}
* '''1456''' (''Kōshō 2, 3rd month''): [[Ashikaga Yoshimasa]] visited [[Iwashimizu Shrine]]; and all the officials of the ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' joined him in going there.<ref name="Titsingh, p. 348">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9 p. 348.]</ref>

From 1871 through 1946, Iwashimizu Hachimangū was officially designated one of the {{nihongo|''[[Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines|Kanpei-taisha]]''|官幣大社}}, meaning that it stood in the first rank of government supported shrines. Other similarly honored Hachiman shrines were [[Usa Shrine]] of [[Usa, Ōita|Usa]] in [[Ōita Prefecture]] and [[Hakozaki-gū]] of [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]] in [[Fukuoka Prefecture]].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' pp. 124-126.</ref>

===Imperial progresses to the shrine===
In 979 (''Tengen 2''), [[Emperor Enyū]] visited the shrine; and the shrine continued to be visited by nearly all the emperors until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Daigo]], when the sovereigns began to live more secluded lives.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, ''Studies,'' p. 116.</ref>

In the ''Shōhei'' era (1346–1370), [[Emperor Murakami]] visited Iwashimizu in person.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, ''Studies,'' p. 218.</ref>

After the [[Ōnin war]] (1467–1477), Imperial visits were held in abeyance for 200 years.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, ''Studies, '' p. 244.</ref>

==Shinto belief==
The shrine is dedicated to the veneration of [[Hachiman]], the [[Shinto]] ''[[kami]]'' or spirit guardian of [[Emperors of Japan|Imperial legitimacy]].<ref name="kanda41"/> Since the time of its founding in 859, Hachiman has been recognized as [[Emperor Ojin]].<ref>Ponsbonby-Fane, ''Studies,'' pp. 78, 196.</ref>

==Treasures==
A 2005 survey of the treasures at Iwashimizu revealed, among other things, the existence of a ''[[kris]]'', a jeweled [[Indonesia]]n dagger, which was exhibited at [[Kyoto National Museum]] as part of an exhibit entitled "Famous Swords from Kyoto's Temples and Shrines."<ref>Kyoto National Museum: [http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/tenji/chinretsu/katana/katana.html 2006 exhibition, treasures] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423122339/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/tenji/chinretsu/katana/katana.html |date=2008-04-23 }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Shinto shrines]]
* [[Twenty-Two Shrines]]
* [[Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines]]
* [[Minamoto no Yorinobu]]
* [[Minamoto no Yoriyoshi]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|33em}}

==References==
* [[John Breen (scholar)|Breen, John]] and [[Mark Teeuwen]]. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MADlfH002mAC ''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami.''] Honolulu: [[University of Hawaii Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-8248-2362-7}}; {{ISBN|9780824823634}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43487317 OCLC 43487317]
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323 OCLC 251325323]
* Kanda, Christine Guth. (1985). [https://books.google.com/books?id=xKuEXrKXdOgC ''Shinzō: Hachiman Imagery and Its Development.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-80650-4}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard]]. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* ____________. (1962). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjEvAAAAYAAJ&q=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/3994492 OCLC 399449]
* ____________. (1963). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IGkrAAAAIAAJ&q=Vicissitudes+of+Shinto ''Vicissitudes of Shinto.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/36655 OCLC 36655]
* Maas, Jeffrey P. (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=XyH_86xBezoC ''Yoritomo and the Founding of the First Bakufu: The Origins of Dual Government in Japan.''] Stanford: [[Stanford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-8047-3591-9}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]

==External links==
{{commons category|Iwashimizu Hachimangu|Iwashimizu Hachimangū}}
* {{in lang|ja}} [http://www.iwashimizu.or.jp/ Iwashimizu Hachimangū web site] (in Japanese)
* [http://www.taleofgenji.org/iwashimizu_hachiman.html Photos of Iwashimizu Hachimangū and references in ancient Japanese literature]

{{Shinto shrine}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iwashimizu Hachimangu}}
[[Category:Kanpei Taisha]]

[[Category:859 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 850s]]
[[Category:Shinto shrines in Kyoto Prefecture]]
[[Category:Shinbutsu shūgō]]
[[Category:Important Cultural Properties of Japan]]
[[Category:Historic Sites of Japan]]
[[Category:9th-century establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Hachiman shrines]]
[[Category:Beppyo shrines]]
[[Category:Twenty-Two Shrines]]
[[Category:Kokushi genzaisha]]
[[Category:Chokusaisha]]
[[Category:Shrines dedicated to Empress Jingū]]
[[Category:Hachiman-zukuri]]
{{Hachiman Faith}}

Latest revision as of 03:28, 16 July 2024

Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine
石清水八幡宮
The Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine
Religion
AffiliationShinto
DeityHachiman
Festivaliwashimizu-sai (石清水祭) (September 15th)
TypeHachiman Shrine
Kokushi genzaisha
Twenty-Two Shrines
Chokusaisha
Beppyo jinja
Shikinaisya
Former kanpeitaisha
Location
LocationYawata, Kyoto
Iwashimizu Hachimangū is located in Japan
Iwashimizu Hachimangū
Shown within Japan
Geographic coordinates34°52′47″N 135°42′00″E / 34.87972°N 135.70000°E / 34.87972; 135.70000
Architecture
StyleHachiman-zukuri
Date established859
Website
www.iwashimizu.or.jp
Glossary of Shinto
Main gate of the Iwashimizu Hachimangū

Iwashimizu Hachimangū (石清水八幡宮) is a Shinto shrine in the city of Yawata in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.

History

[edit]

The shrine's Heian period connections with the Kyoto and the Imperial family date from its founding in 859 (Jōgan 1)[1] when construction on its earliest structures commenced.[2] Shrine tradition explains that Emperor Seiwa ordered the shrine to be built in obeisance to an oracle in which the god Hachiman expressed the desire to be near to Kyoto to watch over the city and the Imperial House of Japan.[3] This vision was reported by a Buddhist monk, Gyōkyō, who had a second vision which led to selecting the Otokoyama location where the shrine now stands.[4] Like other Hachiman shrines, until 1868 Iwashimizu was actually a shrine-temple complex (jingū-ji) called Iwashimizu Hachimangū-ji (石清水八幡宮寺) dedicated to Buddhism as much as to kami worship.[5]

The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period.[6] In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian kami of Japan. These heihaku were initially presented to 16 shrines including the Ōharano Shrine.[7]

The shrine's importance and influence grew in succeeding centuries; and its extensive landholdings led to modest conflicts with Minamoto no Yoritomo during the years in which the Kamakura shogunate was establishing itself. The shrine sought to maintain its traditional exemption from contributing to paying the costs of military forces.[8] In time, the bakufu faded away; and the shrine endured.

Iwashimizu Hachimangū and Ise Shrine were specified for "the two ancestral mausoleum" (二所宗廟) in the Middle Ages.

From 1871 through 1946, Iwashimizu Hachimangū was officially designated one of the Kanpei-taisha (官幣大社), meaning that it stood in the first rank of government supported shrines. Other similarly honored Hachiman shrines were Usa Shrine of Usa in Ōita Prefecture and Hakozaki-gū of Fukuoka in Fukuoka Prefecture.[10]

Imperial progresses to the shrine

[edit]

In 979 (Tengen 2), Emperor Enyū visited the shrine; and the shrine continued to be visited by nearly all the emperors until the reign of Emperor Go-Daigo, when the sovereigns began to live more secluded lives.[11]

In the Shōhei era (1346–1370), Emperor Murakami visited Iwashimizu in person.[12]

After the Ōnin war (1467–1477), Imperial visits were held in abeyance for 200 years.[13]

Shinto belief

[edit]

The shrine is dedicated to the veneration of Hachiman, the Shinto kami or spirit guardian of Imperial legitimacy.[1] Since the time of its founding in 859, Hachiman has been recognized as Emperor Ojin.[14]

Treasures

[edit]

A 2005 survey of the treasures at Iwashimizu revealed, among other things, the existence of a kris, a jeweled Indonesian dagger, which was exhibited at Kyoto National Museum as part of an exhibit entitled "Famous Swords from Kyoto's Temples and Shrines."[15]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Kanda, Christine Guth. (1985). Shinzō: Hachiman Imagery and Its Development, p. 41.
  2. ^ Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 288.
  3. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, p. 78.
  4. ^ Kanda, p. 42.
  5. ^ Satō, Makoto: "Shinto and Buddhism". Encyclopedia of Shinto, Kokugakuin University, retrieved on August 14, 2011
  6. ^ Breen, John et al. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, pp. 74-75.
  7. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Studies, pp. 116-117.
  8. ^ Maas, Jeffrey P. (1999). Yoritomo and the Founding of the First Bakufu: The Origins of Dual Government in Japan, p. 202.
  9. ^ Titsingh, p. 348.
  10. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 124-126.
  11. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Studies, p. 116.
  12. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Studies, p. 218.
  13. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Studies, p. 244.
  14. ^ Ponsbonby-Fane, Studies, pp. 78, 196.
  15. ^ Kyoto National Museum: 2006 exhibition, treasures Archived 2008-04-23 at the Wayback Machine

References

[edit]
[edit]
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