Timangarh: Difference between revisions
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'''Timan Garh''' is a historical fort of the [[Karauli State]], situated near Masalpur in [[Karauli District]] on old Agra-Karauli highway |
'''Timan Garh''' is a historical fort of the [[Karauli State]], situated near Masalpur in [[Karauli District]] on old Agra-Karauli highway Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>[http://karauli.nic.in/distprofile.htm District Karauli at a glace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418204820/http://karauli.nic.in/distprofile.htm |date=18 April 2009 }}</ref> |
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The ASI, State Government and Central Government of India have taken no steps to preserve this fort and as a result, its about 50 temples (10 large) have been destroyed and dug up by local villagers. |
The ASI, State Government and Central Government of India have taken no steps to preserve this fort and as a result, its about 50 temples (10 large) have been destroyed and dug up by local villagers.<ref> |
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[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20011203-political-connivance-facilitates-sale-of-illegally-excavated-artefacts-774945-2001-12-02] |
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{{"Bhagwan Singh and the Surya idol |
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The Kahars had already received Rs 11,000 as earnest money from Gurjjar brokers Saudan Singh, Nawal Singh and Bhagwan Singh." |
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https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20011203-political-connivance-facilitates-sale-of-illegally-excavated-artefacts-774945-2001-12-02#:~:text=Bhagwan%20Singh%20and,and%20Bhagwan%20Singh.}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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It was built by Timan or Tisman, a powerful ruler of 2nd Century A.D. who ruled over present day Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh. It is believed to have been occupied by the forces of Mohammad Ghori, the Sultan of Ghazni from 1196-1244 A.D. It was reconstructed in 1244 A.D. by Yaduvanshi Raja Timanpal, the scion of Vijay Pal, the Raja of Bayana. This fact has been supported by a stone engraving at the entrance of the Fort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajasthantourstoindia.com/city/karauli/timangarh-fort|title = Timangarh Fort, Visit to Timangarh Karauli - Rajasthan Tours to India}}</ref>{{unreliable source|reason=A tour operator's website is not [[WP:RS]]|date=February 2023}} |
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The Timangarh fort was earlier known as '''Tribhuvangiri''', '''Tahangarh''', and '''Tawangarh'''. It was commissioned by the local ruler Tahanpal (also called Tribhuvanpala or Tawanpal) of the [[Jadaun]] clan of [[Rajput]], who probably reigned during 1093-1140, and whose family claimed descent from the legendary king [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yadu]]. His father Vijayapal had moved from [[Mathura]] to Mani Hills near [[Bayana]] after facing frequent invasions, including that of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]. Vijayapal ruled from [[Bijai Garh|Vijayagarh]], a fort that he had repaired, and was killed in a conflict with the [[Ghaznavids]].<ref name="RH_2006">{{cite book |author=Rima Hooja |title=A History of Rajasthan |year=2006 |publisher=Rupa |isbn=9788129108906 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |pages=276–278 }}</ref> Subsequently, his successors ruled from Timangarh.<ref name="GSLD_2012">{{cite journal |author1=G.S.L. Devra |author2=Shashi Arora |title=Hindu commanders in the army of Sultans of Ghazna: A case study of Vijaypal of Bayana |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=73 |year=2012 |pages=209–210 |publisher=Indian History Congress |jstor=44156207 }}</ref> |
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Timangarh became a major center of [[Shaivism]], especially that of the [[Pashupata Shaivism|Pashupata]] sect during the 12th century. Several Jain texts also mention it as a prosperous center of learning and temples.<ref name="RH_2006"/> |
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One of Tahanpal's successors - Kumarapal (alias Kunwarpal) - lost the fort to [[Muhammad of Ghor]]. According to [[Hasan Nizami]]'s ''Tajul-Ma'asir'', which calls the fort "Thangar" (a corruption of "Tahangarh"), Muhammad spared the life of Kumarapal, and appointed [[Bahauddin Tughril]] as the administrator of the fort. [[Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani]]'s ''[[Tabaqat-i Nasiri]]'', which calls the fort "Thankar", confirms this account. Kumarapal's successors were reduced to the status of fief holders.<ref name="RH_2006"/> The [[Jadaun|Jadon]] rulers of [[Karauli State]] claim descended from them.<ref name="GSLD_2012"/> |
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The fort remained an important military outpost and administrative centre of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and the [[Mughal Empire]]. [[Alexander Cunningham]], the founder of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], surveyed the fort in 1882-1883.<ref name="VKS_1998"/> According to local lore, several idols from different places were brought and buried here to prevent their desecration by Muslim invaders. Soon after the independence of India in 1947, illegal excavators - including former royal families - smuggled away many ancient idols from the site. In 1985, smugglers brought helicopters and took away several artefacts with help of local residents.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rohit Parihar |title=Political connivance facilitates sale of illegally excavated artefacts |journal=India Today |date=2001-12-03 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20011203-political-connivance-facilitates-sale-of-illegally-excavated-artefacts-774945-2001-12-02 |access-date=2023-03-29 }}</ref> |
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Vinod Kumar Singh of [[Indian History Congress]] surveyed the fort in 1993 and 1998, noting several ruined structures and four [[Sanskrit]]-language inscriptions not recorded by Cunningham. He could not trace two [[Persian language|Persian]]-language inscriptions and a mosque recorded by Cunningham.<ref name="VKS_1998">{{cite journal |author=Vinod Kumar Singh |title=Tahangarh Fort - An archaeological survey |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1998 |volume=59 |page=1003 |publisher=Indian History Congress |jstor=44147074 }}</ref> |
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This Fort is spread over an area of 51.5 hectares approximately. Earlier, it was a very huge Fort, but now it is in a ruined state. It originally had five entrances to which some more gates were added by the Mughals. The gates built later on have stone blocks of different colors and variety and some stones slabs have writings on them. The remains of an ancient township with palaces, bazaars, houses and Temples can be seen inside the Fort Complex. The rooftops and the pillars of these structures are adorned with geometrical, religious and flower-patterned carvings. The sculptures of Gods and Goddesses and their tantric counterparts also adorn these pillars. The idols recovered from the area belong to Hindu, Jain community and are mostly of Lord Ganesha and Lord Vishnu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajasthantourstoindia.com/city/karauli/timangarh-fort|title = Timangarh Fort, Visit to Timangarh Karauli - Rajasthan Tours to India}}</ref> |
This Fort is spread over an area of 51.5 hectares approximately. Earlier, it was a very huge Fort, but now it is in a ruined state. It originally had five entrances to which some more gates were added by the Mughals. The gates built later on have stone blocks of different colors and variety and some stones slabs have writings on them. The remains of an ancient township with palaces, bazaars, houses and Temples can be seen inside the Fort Complex. The rooftops and the pillars of these structures are adorned with geometrical, religious and flower-patterned carvings. The sculptures of Gods and Goddesses and their tantric counterparts also adorn these pillars. The idols recovered from the area belong to Hindu, Jain community and are mostly of Lord Ganesha and Lord Vishnu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajasthantourstoindia.com/city/karauli/timangarh-fort|title = Timangarh Fort, Visit to Timangarh Karauli - Rajasthan Tours to India}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 14:28, 16 July 2024
| Timangarh Fort | |
|---|---|
| Rajasthan, India | |
 Timangarh | |
  Timangarh Fort  Timangarh Fort | |
| Coordinates | 26°42′18″N 77°15′36″E / 26.705°N 77.260°E |
Timan Garh is a historical fort of the Karauli State, situated near Masalpur in Karauli District on old Agra-Karauli highway Indian state of Rajasthan.[1]
The ASI, State Government and Central Government of India have taken no steps to preserve this fort and as a result, its about 50 temples (10 large) have been destroyed and dug up by local villagers.[2]
History
[edit]The Timangarh fort was earlier known as Tribhuvangiri, Tahangarh, and Tawangarh. It was commissioned by the local ruler Tahanpal (also called Tribhuvanpala or Tawanpal) of the Jadaun clan of Rajput, who probably reigned during 1093-1140, and whose family claimed descent from the legendary king Yadu. His father Vijayapal had moved from Mathura to Mani Hills near Bayana after facing frequent invasions, including that of Mahmud of Ghazni. Vijayapal ruled from Vijayagarh, a fort that he had repaired, and was killed in a conflict with the Ghaznavids.[3] Subsequently, his successors ruled from Timangarh.[4]
Timangarh became a major center of Shaivism, especially that of the Pashupata sect during the 12th century. Several Jain texts also mention it as a prosperous center of learning and temples.[3]
One of Tahanpal's successors - Kumarapal (alias Kunwarpal) - lost the fort to Muhammad of Ghor. According to Hasan Nizami's Tajul-Ma'asir, which calls the fort "Thangar" (a corruption of "Tahangarh"), Muhammad spared the life of Kumarapal, and appointed Bahauddin Tughril as the administrator of the fort. Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani's Tabaqat-i Nasiri, which calls the fort "Thankar", confirms this account. Kumarapal's successors were reduced to the status of fief holders.[3] The Jadon rulers of Karauli State claim descended from them.[4]
The fort remained an important military outpost and administrative centre of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. Alexander Cunningham, the founder of the Archaeological Survey of India, surveyed the fort in 1882-1883.[5] According to local lore, several idols from different places were brought and buried here to prevent their desecration by Muslim invaders. Soon after the independence of India in 1947, illegal excavators - including former royal families - smuggled away many ancient idols from the site. In 1985, smugglers brought helicopters and took away several artefacts with help of local residents.[6]
Vinod Kumar Singh of Indian History Congress surveyed the fort in 1993 and 1998, noting several ruined structures and four Sanskrit-language inscriptions not recorded by Cunningham. He could not trace two Persian-language inscriptions and a mosque recorded by Cunningham.[5]
Architecture
[edit]This Fort is spread over an area of 51.5 hectares approximately. Earlier, it was a very huge Fort, but now it is in a ruined state. It originally had five entrances to which some more gates were added by the Mughals. The gates built later on have stone blocks of different colors and variety and some stones slabs have writings on them. The remains of an ancient township with palaces, bazaars, houses and Temples can be seen inside the Fort Complex. The rooftops and the pillars of these structures are adorned with geometrical, religious and flower-patterned carvings. The sculptures of Gods and Goddesses and their tantric counterparts also adorn these pillars. The idols recovered from the area belong to Hindu, Jain community and are mostly of Lord Ganesha and Lord Vishnu.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ District Karauli at a glace Archived 18 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [1] {{"Bhagwan Singh and the Surya idol The Kahars had already received Rs 11,000 as earnest money from Gurjjar brokers Saudan Singh, Nawal Singh and Bhagwan Singh." https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20011203-political-connivance-facilitates-sale-of-illegally-excavated-artefacts-774945-2001-12-02#:~:text=Bhagwan%20Singh%20and,and%20Bhagwan%20Singh.}}
- ^ a b c Rima Hooja (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa. pp. 276–278. ISBN 9788129108906.
- ^ a b G.S.L. Devra; Shashi Arora (2012). "Hindu commanders in the army of Sultans of Ghazna: A case study of Vijaypal of Bayana". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 73. Indian History Congress: 209–210. JSTOR 44156207.
- ^ a b Vinod Kumar Singh (1998). "Tahangarh Fort - An archaeological survey". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 59. Indian History Congress: 1003. JSTOR 44147074.
- ^ Rohit Parihar (3 December 2001). "Political connivance facilitates sale of illegally excavated artefacts". India Today. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "Timangarh Fort, Visit to Timangarh Karauli - Rajasthan Tours to India".
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