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Coordinates: 40°48′N 74°18′W / 40.8°N 74.3°W / 40.8; -74.3
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{{Infobox Rockunit
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Feltville Formation
| name = Feltville Formation
| period = Lower Jurassic
| period = Hettangian
| age = [[Hettangian]]<br />~{{Geological range|199|196}}
| image = 2ndWatchungMountain_FeltvilleFormation.jpg
| image = 2ndWatchungMountain_FeltvilleFormation.jpg
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]], [[Siltstone]], [[Mudstone]]
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]], [[siltstone]], [[mudstone]]
| otherlithology = [[Limestone]]
| otherlithology = [[Limestone]]
| namedfor = [[Feltville Historic District|Deserted Village of Feltville, New Jersey]]<ref name="Olsen">Olsen, P.E., 1980. The Latest Triassic and Early Jurassic Formations of the Newark Basin (Eastern North America, Newark Supergroup): Stratigraphy, Structure, and Correlation. ''New Jersey Academy of Science Bulletin'', v. 25, no. 2, p. 25-51.</ref>
| namedfor = [[Feltville Historic District|Deserted Village of Feltville, New Jersey]]<ref name="Olsen">Olsen, P.E., 1980. The Latest Triassic and Early Jurassic Formations of the Newark Basin (Eastern North America, Newark Supergroup): Stratigraphy, Structure, and Correlation. ''New Jersey Academy of Science Bulletin'', v. 25, no. 2, p. 25-51.</ref>
| namedby = [[Paul E. Olsen]], 1980<ref name=Olsen/>
| namedby = [[Paul E. Olsen]]<ref name=Olsen/>
| year_ts = 1980
| region = [[Newark Basin]] of<br> [[Eastern North America Rift Basins]]
| region = [[Newark Basin]] of<br />[[Eastern North America Rift Basins]]
| caption = Exposure of Feltville Formation sandstone beneath a ledge of Preakness Basalt on [[Preakness Range|Preakness Mountain]] in New Jersey.
| caption = Exposure of Feltville Formation sandstone beneath a ledge of Preakness Basalt on [[Preakness Range|Preakness Mountain]] in New Jersey.
| unitof = [[Newark Supergroup]]
| unitof = [[Newark Supergroup]]<br />&nbsp;[[Meriden Group]]
| underlies = [[Preakness Basalt]]
| underlies = [[Preakness Basalt]]
| overlies = [[Orange Mountain Basalt]]
| overlies = [[Orange Mountain Basalt]]
| thickness = maximum of {{convert|1,968|ft|m|-1}}<ref name=Olsen/>
| thickness = maximum of {{convert|1,968|ft|m|-1}}<ref name=Olsen/>
| extent = continuous for ~{{convert|40|mi|km}} in [[New Jersey]], <br>with [[Watchung Outliers|outliers]] present in <br>New Jersey, [[New York (state)|New York]]<br>& [[Pennsylvania]].
| extent = continuous for ~{{convert|40|mi|km}} in [[New Jersey]],<br />with [[Watchung Outliers|outliers]] present in<br />New Jersey, [[New York (state)|New York]]<br />& [[Pennsylvania]]
| coordinates = {{coord|40.8|N|74.3|W|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|21.4|N|20.7|W|display=inline}}
| map = {{Location map+ | United States#New Jersey
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | United States#New Jersey
| lat_deg = 40.8
| lon_deg = -74.3
| mark = Blue pog.svg
| marksize = 12
}}
}}
}}
}}


'''The Feltville Formation''' is a mapped bedrock unit primarily in [[New Jersey]], with one known [[Watchung Outliers|outlier]] in [[Pennsylvania]] and another one in [[New York (state)|New York]]. It is named for the [[Feltville Historic District|Deserted Village of Feltville]] in [[Watchung Reservation]], New Jersey, which is near where its type section was described by paleontologist [[Paul E. Olsen]].<ref name=Olsen/>
The '''Feltville Formation''' is a mapped bedrock unit primarily in [[New Jersey]], with one known [[Watchung Outliers|outlier]] in [[Pennsylvania]] and another one in [[New York (state)|New York]]. It is named for the [[Feltville Historic District|Deserted Village of Feltville]] in [[Watchung Reservation]], New Jersey, which is near where its type section was described by paleontologist [[Paul E. Olsen]].<ref name=Olsen/>


==Description==
== Description ==
The Feltville Formation is composed of red, gray, and white Sandstone of varying grain thickness, as well as red, gray, and black siltstone and calcareous mudstone. Sandstone/siltstone layers tend to be alternatingly massive and cross-bedded. Black to white carbonaceous limestone layers exist near the base of the formation.<ref name=Olsen/><ref name="USGS Feltville">[http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmc-unit.php?unit=NJJf%3B5 Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data – Feltville Formation, New Jersey]. U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed July 23, 2010.</ref> Additionally, pebbles and cobbles of quartz are embedded within layers of sandstone and siltstone that interfinger with the Feltville Formation near [[Oakland, New Jersey]].<ref name="USGS Feltville"/>
The Feltville Formation is composed of red, gray, and white sandstone of varying grain thickness, as well as red, gray, and black siltstone and calcareous mudstone. Sandstone/siltstone layers tend to be alternatingly massive and cross-bedded. Black to white carbonaceous limestone layers exist near the base of the formation.<ref name=Olsen/><ref name="USGS Feltville">[https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmc-unit.php?unit=NJJf%3B5 Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data – Feltville Formation, New Jersey]. U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed July 23, 2010.</ref> Additionally, pebbles and cobbles of quartz are embedded within layers of sandstone and siltstone that interfinger with the Feltville Formation near [[Oakland, New Jersey]].<ref name="USGS Feltville"/>


===Depositional Environment===
=== Depositional environment ===
The Feltville Formation can be characterized as a continuation of the [[Passaic Formation]], which is mostly [[Dry lake|playa]] and [[alluvial fan]] deposits resulting from the rifting of [[Pangea]]. The primarily red color of this formation is often evidence that the sediments were deposited in arid conditions.<ref name="multiple">Faill, R.T., (2004). The Birdsboro Basin. ''Pennsylvania Geology'' V. 34 n. 4.</ref> However, the Feltville Formation differs from the Passaic Formation in that it contains a more significant portion of non-red layers, which were laid down by deep lakes present during wetter periods.<ref name="Rutgers Newark Basin Geology">Schlische, Roy W. [http://geology.rutgers.edu/103web/Newarkbasin/NB_text.html Geology of the Newark Rift Basin]. Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Accessed July 23, 2010.</ref>
The Feltville Formation can be characterized as a continuation of the [[Passaic Formation]], which is mostly [[Dry lake|playa]] and [[alluvial fan]] deposits resulting from the rifting of [[Pangea]]. The primarily red color of this formation is often evidence that the sediments were deposited in arid conditions.<ref name="multiple">Faill, R.T., (2004). The Birdsboro Basin. ''Pennsylvania Geology'' V. 34 n. 4.</ref> However, the Feltville Formation differs from the Passaic Formation in that it contains a more significant portion of non-red layers, which were laid down by deep lakes present during wetter periods.<ref name="Rutgers Newark Basin Geology">Schlische, Roy W. [http://geology.rutgers.edu/103web/Newarkbasin/NB_text.html Geology of the Newark Rift Basin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604164004/https://geology.rutgers.edu/103web/Newarkbasin/NB_text.html |date=2021-06-04 }}. Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Accessed July 23, 2010.</ref>


===Fossils===
=== Fossils ===
Fish fossils, commonly those of the ray-finned [[Semionotus]], can be found in limestone layers within the formation.<ref name=Olsen/> In other layers, indeterminate fossil [[ornithischian]] tracks have been noted,<ref name="dinosaurdistribution">Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.</ref> along with additional reptile and dinosaur prints. Fossil plant remains, as well as root structures and pollen, are also found in the formation.<ref name=Olsen/>
Fish fossils, commonly those of the ray-finned ''[[Semionotus]]'', can be found in limestone layers within the formation.<ref name=Olsen/> In other layers, indeterminate fossil [[ornithischian]] tracks have been noted,<ref name="dinosaurdistribution">Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.</ref> along with additional reptile and dinosaur prints. Fossil plant remains, as well as root structures and pollen, are also found in the formation.<ref name=Olsen/>


==Age==
== Age ==
The Feltville Formation rests conformably above the [[Orange Mountain Basalt]] and below the [[Preakness Basalt]], placing its deposition somewhere between approximately 199 and 196 million years ago during the early Jurassic stage known as the [[Hettangian]].
The Feltville Formation rests conformably above the [[Orange Mountain Basalt]] and below the [[Preakness Basalt]], placing its deposition somewhere between approximately 199 and 196 million years ago during the early Jurassic stage known as the [[Hettangian]].


==Economic Uses==
== Economic geology ==
The Feltville Formation was once mined for [[freestone (masonry)|freestone]], as indicated by a historical work detailing quarrying operations at the base of [[Preakness Range|Preakness Mountain]] in New Jersey.<ref name="1834 Description">Gordon, Thomas Francis. A Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey – Comprehending a General View of its Physical and Moral Condition, together with a Topographical and Statistical Account of its Counties, Towns, Villages, Canals, Railroads, &c. Published by D. Fenton, 1834. [http://books.google.com/books?id=BnIFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA8 Available via Google Books]</ref>
The Feltville Formation was once mined for [[freestone (masonry)|freestone]], as indicated by a historical work detailing quarrying operations at the base of [[Preakness Range|Preakness Mountain]] in New Jersey.<ref name="1834 Description">Gordon, Thomas Francis. A Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey – Comprehending a General View of its Physical and Moral Condition, together with a Topographical and Statistical Account of its Counties, Towns, Villages, Canals, Railroads, &c. Published by D. Fenton, 1834. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BnIFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA8 Available via Google Books]</ref>


==See also==
== See also ==
⚫
* [[Geology of New Jersey]]
{{Portal|Earth sciences|Paleontology|Dinosaurs||}}
*[[Geology of New Jersey]]
* [[Geology of Pennsylvania]]
⚫
* [[Lists of dinosaur-bearing stratigraphic units]]
⚫
*[[Geology of Pennsylvania]]
⚫
* [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]]
** [[List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks]]
** [[List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks]]
*** [[List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks#Indeterminate or unspecified ornithischian tracks|Indeterminate ornithischian tracks]]
*** [[List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks#Indeterminate or unspecified ornithischian tracks|Indeterminate ornithischian tracks]]


==References==
== References ==
'''In-line citations'''
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

'''Additional references'''
=== Bibliography ===
#Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp.&nbsp;ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
* {{citation |last1=Weishampel |first1=David B. |author2-link=Peter Dodson |last2=Dodson |first2=Peter |author3-link=Halszka Osmólska |last3=Osmólska |first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria, 2nd edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |pages=1–880 |accessdate=2019-02-21 |isbn=0-520-24209-2 |author1-link=David B. Weishampel }}


{{Geology of the Newark Basin}}
{{Geology of the Newark Basin}}


[[Category:Hettangian geologic formations]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Jurassic geology of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of New York (state)]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Sandstone]]
[[Category:Hettangian Stage]]
[[Category:Siltstone]]
[[Category:Jurassic geology of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Mudstone]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations of the United States]]
[[Category:Siltstone formations]]
[[Category:Mudstone formations]]
[[Category:Alluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Ichnofossiliferous formations]]
[[Category:Paleontology in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Paleontology in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Paleontology in Pennsylvania]]

Latest revision as of 01:50, 17 July 2024

Feltville Formation
Stratigraphic range: Hettangian
~199–196 Ma
↓
Exposure of Feltville Formation sandstone beneath a ledge of Preakness Basalt on Preakness Mountain in New Jersey.
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofNewark Supergroup
 Meriden Group
UnderliesPreakness Basalt
OverliesOrange Mountain Basalt
Thicknessmaximum of 1,968 feet (600 m)[1]
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, siltstone, mudstone
OtherLimestone
Location
Coordinates40°48′N 74°18′W / 40.8°N 74.3°W / 40.8; -74.3
Approximate paleocoordinates21°24′N 20°42′W / 21.4°N 20.7°W / 21.4; -20.7
RegionNewark Basin of
Eastern North America Rift Basins
Extentcontinuous for ~40 miles (64 km) in New Jersey,
with outliers present in
New Jersey, New York
& Pennsylvania
Type section
Named forDeserted Village of Feltville, New Jersey[1]
Named byPaul E. Olsen[1]
Year defined1980
Feltville Formation is located in the United States
Feltville Formation
Feltville Formation (the United States)
Feltville Formation is located in New Jersey
Feltville Formation
Feltville Formation (New Jersey)

The Feltville Formation is a mapped bedrock unit primarily in New Jersey, with one known outlier in Pennsylvania and another one in New York. It is named for the Deserted Village of Feltville in Watchung Reservation, New Jersey, which is near where its type section was described by paleontologist Paul E. Olsen.[1]

Description

[edit]

The Feltville Formation is composed of red, gray, and white sandstone of varying grain thickness, as well as red, gray, and black siltstone and calcareous mudstone. Sandstone/siltstone layers tend to be alternatingly massive and cross-bedded. Black to white carbonaceous limestone layers exist near the base of the formation.[1][2] Additionally, pebbles and cobbles of quartz are embedded within layers of sandstone and siltstone that interfinger with the Feltville Formation near Oakland, New Jersey.[2]

Depositional environment

[edit]

The Feltville Formation can be characterized as a continuation of the Passaic Formation, which is mostly playa and alluvial fan deposits resulting from the rifting of Pangea. The primarily red color of this formation is often evidence that the sediments were deposited in arid conditions.[3] However, the Feltville Formation differs from the Passaic Formation in that it contains a more significant portion of non-red layers, which were laid down by deep lakes present during wetter periods.[4]

Fossils

[edit]

Fish fossils, commonly those of the ray-finned Semionotus, can be found in limestone layers within the formation.[1] In other layers, indeterminate fossil ornithischian tracks have been noted,[5] along with additional reptile and dinosaur prints. Fossil plant remains, as well as root structures and pollen, are also found in the formation.[1]

Age

[edit]

The Feltville Formation rests conformably above the Orange Mountain Basalt and below the Preakness Basalt, placing its deposition somewhere between approximately 199 and 196 million years ago during the early Jurassic stage known as the Hettangian.

Economic geology

[edit]

The Feltville Formation was once mined for freestone, as indicated by a historical work detailing quarrying operations at the base of Preakness Mountain in New Jersey.[6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Olsen, P.E., 1980. The Latest Triassic and Early Jurassic Formations of the Newark Basin (Eastern North America, Newark Supergroup): Stratigraphy, Structure, and Correlation. New Jersey Academy of Science Bulletin, v. 25, no. 2, p. 25-51.
  2. ^ a b Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data – Feltville Formation, New Jersey. U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed July 23, 2010.
  3. ^ Faill, R.T., (2004). The Birdsboro Basin. Pennsylvania Geology V. 34 n. 4.
  4. ^ Schlische, Roy W. Geology of the Newark Rift Basin Archived 2021-06-04 at the Wayback Machine. Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Accessed July 23, 2010.
  5. ^ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
  6. ^ Gordon, Thomas Francis. A Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey – Comprehending a General View of its Physical and Moral Condition, together with a Topographical and Statistical Account of its Counties, Towns, Villages, Canals, Railroads, &c. Published by D. Fenton, 1834. Available via Google Books

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21
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