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Coordinates: 29°20′N 110°30′E / 29.333°N 110.500°E / 29.333; 110.500
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{{Short description|Scenic and historic site in Hunan Province, China}}
{{Other uses|Wulingyuan District}}
{{About|the historic site|the district|Wulingyuan District}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| image = Zhangjiajie-Hunan.jpg
| image = Zhangjiajie-Hunan.jpg
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}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
{{Infobox Chinese
|pic=Wulingyuan (Chinese characters).svg
| pic = Wulingyuan (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap="Wulingyuan" in Chinese characters
| piccap = "Wulingyuan" in Chinese characters
|picsize=125px
| picsize = 125px
|c=武陵源
| c = 武陵源
|p=Wǔlíngyuán
| p = Wǔlíngyuán
| w = Wu<sup>3</sup>-ling<sup>2</sup>-yüan<sup>2</sup>
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|wu|3|.|l|ing|2|.|yuan|2}}
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|wu|3|.|l|ing|2|.|yuan|2}}
|j=Mou5-ling4-jyun
| j = Mou5-ling4-jyun
|y=Móuh-lìhng-yùhn
| y = Móuh-lìhng-yùhn
|tl=Bú-lîng-guân
| tl = Bú-lîng-guân
}}
}}


'''Wulingyuan''' ({{IPAc-cmn|wu|3|.|l|ing|2|.|yuan|2}}, {{zh|c=武陵源}}) is a scenic and historical site in the [[Wulingyuan District]] of [[South Central China]]'s [[Hunan|Hunan Province]]. It was inscribed as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1992.<ref name=unesco-wulingyuan /> It is noted for more than 3,000 [[quartzite]] [[sandstone]] pillars and peaks across most of the site, many over {{Convert|200|m|ft}} in height, along with many ravines and gorges with attractive streams, pools, lakes, rivers and waterfalls.<ref name=unesco-wulingyuan /> It features 40 caves, many with large calcite deposits, and a natural bridge named Tianqiashengkong (Bridge Across the Sky),<ref name=unesco-wulingyuan>{{cite web | title=Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area | work = Unesco World Heritage Centre | publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640 | access-date = 16 December 2013}}</ref> which is one of the highest natural bridges in the world. The site also provides habitat for many vulnerable species, including the [[dhole]], [[Asiatic black bear]], and [[Chinese water deer]]<ref name=unesco-wulingyuan />.
'''Wulingyuan''' ({{IPAc-cmn|wu|3|.|l|ing|2|.|yuan|2}}, {{lang-zh|c=武陵源}}) is a scenic and historical site in the [[Wulingyuan District]] of [[South Central China]]'s [[Hunan|Hunan Province]]. It was inscribed as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1992.<ref name=unesco-wulingyuan /> It is noted for more than 3,000 [[quartzite]] [[sandstone]] pillars and peaks across most of the site, many over {{Convert|200|m|ft}} in height, along with many ravines and gorges with picturesque streams, pools, lakes, rivers, and waterfalls.<ref name=unesco-wulingyuan /> It features 40 caves, many with large calcite deposits and a natural bridge named Tianqiashengkong (meaning 'bridge across the sky'),<ref name=unesco-wulingyuan>{{cite web|title=Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area|work = Unesco World Heritage Centre|publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640|access-date = 16 December 2013}}</ref> which is one of the highest natural bridges in the world. The site also provides habitat for many vulnerable species, including the [[dhole]], [[Asiatic black bear]], and [[Chinese water deer]].<ref name=unesco-wulingyuan />


The site is situated in [[Zhangjiajie|Zhangjiajie City]] and lies about {{Convert|270|km|mi}} to the northwest of [[Changsha]], the capital of Hunan Province. The park covers an area of 690 square kilometers (266 square miles).<ref name=":0" /> Wulingyuan forms part of the [[Wuling Mountains|Wuling Mountain Range]]. The scenic area consists of four national parks, which are the [[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park]], Suoxi Valley Nature Reserve, Tianzi Mountain Nature Reserve and the recently added Yangjiajie Scenic Area. Overall there are over 560 attraction sights to view.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/hunan/zhangjiajie/wulingyuan.htm|title=Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Area|website=Travel China Guide}}</ref>
The site is situated in [[Zhangjiajie|Zhangjiajie City]] and lies about {{Convert|270|km|mi}} to the northwest of [[Changsha]], the capital of Hunan Province. The park covers an area of 690 square kilometers (266 square miles).<ref name=":0" /> Wulingyuan forms part of the [[Wuling Mountains|Wuling Mountain Range]]. The scenic area consists of four national parks, which are the [[Zhangjiajie National Forest Park]], Suoxi Valley Nature Reserve, Tianzi Mountain Nature Reserve, and the recently added Yangjiajie Scenic Area. Overall there are over 560 attraction sights to view.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/hunan/zhangjiajie/wulingyuan.htm|title=Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Area|website=Travel China Guide}}</ref>


== Geology ==
== Geology ==
The quartzite sandstone pillars and the surrounding regions were formed during the [[Devonian]] Era (400 to 350 million years ago), from a combination of tectonic uplift and water erosion. <ref>{{cite book |last= Huadong |first= Guo |date= 2013 |title= Atlas of Remote Sensing for World Heritage: China |publisher= Springer |page= 269 |isbn= 978-3-642-32823-7}}</ref>
The quartzite sandstone pillars and the surrounding regions were formed during the [[Devonian]] period (400 to 350 million years ago) from a combination of tectonic uplift and water erosion.<ref>{{cite book |last= Huadong |first= Guo |date= 2013 |title= Atlas of Remote Sensing for World Heritage: China |publisher= Springer |page= 269 |isbn= 978-3-642-32823-7}}</ref>
The highest area in the park is Huang Shi Zhai ({{lang|zh-Hant|黃石寨}}). It reaches a height of {{convert|3450|ft|m}} It is accessible via cable car or a set of stairs.
The highest area in the park is Huang Shi Zhai ({{lang|zh-Hant|黃石寨}}). It reaches a height of {{convert|3450|ft|m}} and is accessible via cable car or a set of stairs. Another cliff is accessed by the {{convert|326|m|abbr=on}} [[Bailong Elevator]].

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== Main scenic spots ==
== Main scenic spots ==
'''Zhangjiajie National Forest Park'''
'''Zhangjiajie National Forest Park'''
⚫
Zhangjiajie, also known as Qingyan Mountain, covers an area of 130 square kilometers and was the first location to be designated a national forest park in China. It is known for its peculiar landforms with many towering stone peaks with evocative shapes and luxuriant covering of trees. It is said that over 97 percent of the park is blanketed by various kinds of rare trees and other plants.

⚫
Zhangjiajie, also known as Qingyan Mountain, covers an area of 130 square kilometers and is the first national forest park in China. It was featured as a peculiar landform with many unique stone peaks with different shapes and luxuriant trees. It’s said that over 97 percent of the park is covered with various kinds of valuable trees and other plants.



'''Yellow Stone Stronghold'''
'''Yellow Stone Stronghold'''
⚫
Among all the scenic spots in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Yellow Stone Stronghold is the most famous. The peak of the stronghold towers into the sky, forming a magnificent vista. There is a saying which roughly translates as "if you don't go to Yellow Stone Stronghold, you will go to Zhangjiajie in vain". Located in the central part of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, it has an altitude of 1080 meters and spans an area of 16.5 hectares. In addition, it is considered to be the most beautiful viewing platform in Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area.

⚫
Among all the scenic spots in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Yellow Stone Stronghold is the most famous one. The peak of the stronghold is towering into the sky with great grandeur, which gives people a sense of magnificence. It is said that "if you don't go to Yellow Stone Stronghold, you will go to Zhangjiajie in vain". Located in the central part of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, it has an altitude of 1080 meters with an area of 16.5 hectares. In addition, it is honored as the most beautiful viewing platform in Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area.



'''Golden Whip Stream'''
'''Golden Whip Stream'''
⚫
Another beautiful scenic area in the forest park is the Golden Whip Stream. It was one of the earliest scenic spots in the park to be developed, and has a total length of 7,500 meters. The most beautiful scenery in Wulingyuan is along this stream. The entrance of the stream is only 300 meters from the entrance of Zhangjiajie Forest Park. It exemplifies the delicacy and natural beauty of Wulingyuan's landscape. Mr. Wu Guanzhong, a famous Chinese painter, described it as a "fairy tale world".

⚫
Another beautiful scenic area in the forest park is the Golden Whip Stream. It is one of the earliest developed scenic spots in the park, with a total length of 7,500 meters. The most beautiful scenery in Wulingyuan is along the stream. After entering Zhangjiajie Forest Park, 300 meters ahead is the entrance of the stream. It gives one a full sense of the delicacy and beauty of Wulingyuan's landscape. Mr. Wu Guanzhong, a famous Chinese painter, has praised it as a "fairy tale world".
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== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
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{{National parks of China}}
{{National parks of China}}
{{World Heritage Sites in China}}
{{World Heritage Sites in China}}

{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:National parks of China]]
[[Category:National parks of China]]
[[Category:Geography of Hunan]]
[[Category:Parks in Hunan]]
[[Category:Quartzite formations]]
[[Category:Quartzite formations]]
[[Category:Zhangjiajie]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Zhangjiajie]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hunan]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in China]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in China]]
[[Category:AAAAA-rated tourist attractions]]
[[Category:AAAAA-rated tourist attractions]]


{{Hunan-geo-stub}}
{{Hunan-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:36, 17 July 2024

This article is about the historic site. For the district, see Wulingyuan District.
Wulingyuan
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The sandstone pillars of Wulingyuan extend hundreds of meters over the valley floor
Official nameWulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area
LocationWulingyuan District, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China
CriteriaNatural: (vii)
Reference640
Inscription1992 (16th Session)
Area26,400 ha (102 sq mi)
Coordinates29°20′N 110°30′E / 29.333°N 110.500°E / 29.333; 110.500
Wulingyuan is located in Hunan
Wulingyuan
Location of Wulingyuan in Hunan
Wulingyuan is located in China
Wulingyuan
Wulingyuan (China)
Wulingyuan
"Wulingyuan" in Chinese characters
Chinese武陵源
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinWǔlíngyuán
Wade–GilesWu3-ling2-yüan2
IPA[ù.lǐŋ.ɥɛ̌n]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationMóuh-lìhng-yùhn
JyutpingMou5-ling4-jyun
Southern Min
Tâi-lôBú-lîng-guân

Wulingyuan ([ù.lǐŋ.ɥɛ̌n], Chinese: 武陵源) is a scenic and historical site in the Wulingyuan District of South Central China's Hunan Province. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.[1] It is noted for more than 3,000 quartzite sandstone pillars and peaks across most of the site, many over 200 metres (660 ft) in height, along with many ravines and gorges with picturesque streams, pools, lakes, rivers, and waterfalls.[1] It features 40 caves, many with large calcite deposits and a natural bridge named Tianqiashengkong (meaning 'bridge across the sky'),[1] which is one of the highest natural bridges in the world. The site also provides habitat for many vulnerable species, including the dhole, Asiatic black bear, and Chinese water deer.[1]

The site is situated in Zhangjiajie City and lies about 270 kilometres (170 mi) to the northwest of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province. The park covers an area of 690 square kilometers (266 square miles).[2] Wulingyuan forms part of the Wuling Mountain Range. The scenic area consists of four national parks, which are the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Suoxi Valley Nature Reserve, Tianzi Mountain Nature Reserve, and the recently added Yangjiajie Scenic Area. Overall there are over 560 attraction sights to view.[2]

Geology

[edit]

The quartzite sandstone pillars and the surrounding regions were formed during the Devonian period (400 to 350 million years ago) from a combination of tectonic uplift and water erosion.[3] The highest area in the park is Huang Shi Zhai (黃石寨). It reaches a height of 3,450 feet (1,050 m) and is accessible via cable car or a set of stairs. Another cliff is accessed by the 326 m (1,070 ft) Bailong Elevator.

[edit]
  • Panorama of the Five Fingers Peak of Huangshizhai
    Panorama of the Five Fingers Peak of Huangshizhai
  • Zhangjiajie River
    Zhangjiajie River
  • Wulingyuan park entrance
    Wulingyuan park entrance

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area". Unesco World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Area". Travel China Guide.
  3. ^ Huadong, Guo (2013). Atlas of Remote Sensing for World Heritage: China. Springer. p. 269. ISBN 978-3-642-32823-7.
[edit]
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