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The '''Kinda baboon''' (''Papio kindae'') is a species of [[baboon]] present in the [[miombo]] woodlands of [[Angola]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Zambia]], and possibly western [[Tanzania]]. While the Kinda baboon was once considered to be a subspecies of the [[yellow baboon]] (''P. cynocephalus''), it is distinct enough to merit status as full species (''P. kindae'') under the [[Phylogenetic species concept#Definitions of species|phylogenetic species concept]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=944209 |title=''Papio kindae'' |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2013 |website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
The '''Kinda baboon''' ('''''Papio kindae''''') is a species of [[baboon]] present in the [[miombo]] woodlands of [[Angola]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Zambia]], and possibly western [[Tanzania]]. It was once considered a subspecies of the [[yellow baboon]] (''P. cynocephalus''), then distinct enough to merit status as full species (''P. kindae'') under the [[Species#Phylogenetic or cladistic species|phylogenetic species concept]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=944209 |title=''Papio kindae'' |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2013 |website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>


[[File:Male Kinda baboon.jpg|thumb|left|''P. kindae'' in [[Kafue National Park]], Zambia]]
[[File:Male Kinda baboon.jpg|thumb|left|''P. kindae'' in [[Kafue National Park]], Zambia]]


It is named after the town in southern DRC where the type-locality was found.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1919|title=Contributions to the knowledge about the monkeys of Belgian Congo|journal=Revue zoologique africaine|volume=7|pages=107–154|doi=10.5962/bhl.part.15112|issn=0771-0488}}</ref>
It is named after the town in southern DRC where the type-locality was found.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1919|title=Contributions to the knowledge about the monkeys of Belgian Congo|journal=Revue zoologique africaine|volume=7|pages=107–154|doi=10.5962/bhl.part.15112|issn=0771-0488|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/15112 }}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
The Kinda baboon is golden in color with a light build and slender, lanky appearance. Their fur is somewhat longer and is less coarse and much softer compared to other baboon species. It is the smallest of all baboons; adult males are about the size of adult females of other baboon species.<ref name=Jolly>{{cite book | author = Jolly, C.J. | year = 1993 | chapter = Species, subspecies, and baboon systematics | title = Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution |editor1=W.H. Kimbel |editor2=L.B. Martin | location = New York}}</ref> The Kinda baboon is also characterized by a shorter snout and pink circles around the eyes. Infants are usually born with white hair rather than black, typical of other baboons.<ref name=Rogers>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rogers J, Burrell AS, Cotterill FP, Jolly CJ | year = 2004 | title = A preliminary report on the 'Kinda' baboons of Zambia | journal = Folia Primatologica | volume = 75 | issue = S1 | pages = 61}}</ref> Sexual dimorphism in Kinda baboons is more moderate than in any other baboon species.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kinda Baboons|url=http://kasankababoonproject.com/gallery|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Kasanka Baboon Project|language=en-US}}</ref>
The Kinda baboon is golden in color with a light build and slender, lanky appearance. Their fur is somewhat longer and is less coarse and much softer compared to other baboon species. It is the smallest of all baboons; adult males are about the size of adult females of other baboon species.<ref name=Jolly>{{cite book | author = Jolly, C.J. | year = 1993 | chapter = Species, subspecies, and baboon systematics | title = Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution |editor1=W.H. Kimbel |editor2=L.B. Martin | location = New York |doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-3745-2| isbn = 978-1-4899-3747-6 | s2cid = 38071293 }}</ref> The Kinda baboon is also characterized by a shorter snout and pink circles around the eyes. Infants are usually born with white hair rather than black, typical of other baboons.<ref name=Rogers>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rogers J, Burrell AS, Cotterill FP, Jolly CJ | year = 2004 | title = A preliminary report on the 'Kinda' baboons of Zambia | journal = Folia Primatologica | volume = 75 | issue = S1 | pages = 61 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295385367}}</ref> [[Sexual dimorphism in non-human primates|Sexual dimorphism]] in Kindas is more moderate than in any other baboon species.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kinda Baboons|url=http://kasankababoonproject.com/gallery|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Kasanka Baboon Project|language=en-US}}</ref>


[[File:Kinda baboon white infant with mother.jpg|thumb|left|White infant with mother in [[Kafue National Park]], Zambia]]
[[File:Kinda baboon white infant with mother.jpg|thumb|right|White infant with mother in [[Kafue National Park]], Zambia]]


===Similar species===
===Hybrid species===
Baboons in between the size of the Kinda baboon and the [[yellow baboon]] are present in northeastern Zambia, and possibly in northern [[Malawi]] and southwestern Tanzania as well.<ref name=Freedman>{{Cite journal | author = Freedman L | year = 1963 | title = A biometric study of ''Papio cynocephalus'' skulls from northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 44 | pages = 24–43 | doi = 10.2307/1377165 | jstor = 1377165 | issue = 1 | publisher = Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 44, No. 1}}</ref><ref name=Ansell>{{cite book |vauthors=Ansell WF, Dowsett RJ| year = 1988 | title = Mammals of Malawi | publisher = The Trendrine Press | location = St. Ives}}</ref> Such a broad area of intergradation has been taken as evidence of substantial genetic exchange between the two taxa.
Baboons in between the size of the Kinda baboon and the [[yellow baboon]] are present in northeastern Zambia, and possibly in northern [[Malawi]] and southwestern Tanzania as well.<ref name=Freedman>{{Cite journal | author = Freedman L | year = 1963 | title = A biometric study of ''Papio cynocephalus'' skulls from northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 44 | pages = 24–43 | doi = 10.2307/1377165 | jstor = 1377165 | issue = 1 | publisher = Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 44, No. 1}}</ref><ref name=Ansell>{{cite book |vauthors=Ansell WF, Dowsett RJ| year = 1988 | title = Mammals of Malawi | publisher = The Trendrine Press | location = St. Ives |isbn=0951256203}}</ref> Such a broad area of intergradation has been taken as evidence of substantial genetic exchange between the two taxa.


Kinda baboons hybridise with [[chacma baboon]]s in [[Kafue National Park]] in southern Zambia,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jolly |first=Cliff |last2=Burrell |first2=Andrew S. |last3=Phillips-Conroy |first3=Jane |last4=Bergey |first4=Christina M. |date=March 2011 |title=Kinda baboons (''Papio kindae'') and grayfoot chacma baboons (''P. ursinus griseipes'') hybridize in the Kafue River Valley, Zambia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49792529 |journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=291-303 |doi=10.1002/ajp.20896 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref> and likely do in [[Gorongosa National Park]] in central Mozambique.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martínez Latrach |first=Felipe |last2=Capelli |first2=Cristian |last3=Silva |first3=Maria J. Ferreira da |last4=Aldeias |first4=Vera |last5=Alemseged |first5=Zeresenay |last6=Archer |first6=William |last7=Bamford |first7=Marion |last8=Biro |first8=Dora |last9=Bobe |first9=René |last10=Braun |first10=David Royce |date=2019 |title=A missing piece of the ''Papio'' puzzle : Gorongosa baboon phenostructure and intrageneric relationships |url=https://repositorio.uc.cl/xmlui/handle/11534/29086 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=130 |issue= |pages=1-20 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.01.007 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
Kinda baboons hybridise with [[chacma baboon]]s in [[Kafue National Park]] in southern Zambia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jolly |first1=Cliff |last2=Burrell |first2=Andrew S. |last3=Phillips-Conroy |first3=Jane |last4=Bergey |first4=Christina M. |date=March 2011 |title=Kinda baboons (''Papio kindae'') and grayfoot chacma baboons (''P. ursinus griseipes'') hybridize in the Kafue River Valley, Zambia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49792529 |journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=291–303 |doi=10.1002/ajp.20896 |pmid=21274900 |s2cid=205329586 |access-date=7 April 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref>


==Behaviour==
==Behaviour==
The Kinda baboon lives in multi-male and multi-female groups, similar to olive and yellow baboons,<ref name=Rogers/> however, they are often much larger in size (often over 100 individuals). Compared to all other baboon species, the Kinda baboon is unusually docile and uniquely characterized by high levels of male investment in male-female social relationships. Strict social hierarchy with female permanent rank obtained from the mother was observed as in other species. Males join new groups and may rise in rank, but unlike all other baboon species, violent confrontations are mostly avoided.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Weyher|first1=Anna H.|last2=Phillips-Conroy|first2=Jane E.|last3=Fourrier|first3=Marc S.|last4=Jolly|first4=Clifford J.|date=2014|title=Male-Driven Grooming Bouts in Mixed-Sex Dyads of Kinda Baboons (''Papio kindae'')|journal=Folia Primatologica|language=english|volume=85|issue=3|pages=178–191|doi=10.1159/000362544|issn=0015-5713|pmid=25012475|s2cid=42289552}}</ref>
The Kinda baboons live in multisexual groups, similar to olive and yellow baboons.<ref name=Rogers/> These are often much larger, often comprising over 100 baboons. Compared to all other baboon species, Kindas are unusually docile and uniquely characterized by high levels of male investment in male-female social relationships. Strict social hierarchy with female permanent rank obtained from the mother was observed as in other species. Males join new groups and may rise in rank, but violent confrontations are mostly avoided.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Weyher|first1=Anna H.|last2=Phillips-Conroy|first2=Jane E.|last3=Fourrier|first3=Marc S.|last4=Jolly|first4=Clifford J.|date=2014|title=Male-Driven Grooming Bouts in Mixed-Sex Dyads of Kinda Baboons (''Papio kindae'')|journal=Folia Primatologica|language=english|volume=85|issue=3|pages=178–191|doi=10.1159/000362544|issn=0015-5713|pmid=25012475|s2cid=42289552}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{Cite journal|last1=Petersdorf|first1=Megan|last2=Weyher|first2=Anna H.|last3=Kamilar|first3=Jason M.|last4=Dubuc|first4=Constance|last5=Higham|first5=James P.|date=2019-10-01|title=Sexual selection in the Kinda baboon|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=135|pages=102635|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.006|pmid=31421317|issn=0047-2484}}
{{Cite journal|last1=Petersdorf|first1=Megan|last2=Weyher|first2=Anna H.|last3=Kamilar|first3=Jason M.|last4=Dubuc|first4=Constance|last5=Higham|first5=James P.|date=2019-10-01|title=Sexual selection in the Kinda baboon|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=135|pages=102635|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.006|pmid=31421317|s2cid=201057551 |issn=0047-2484}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q27986705}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q27986705}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:baboon, Kinda}}
[[Category:Baboons|Kinda baboon]]
[[Category:Baboons|Kinda baboon]]
[[Category:Fauna of Zambia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Zambia]]
[[Category:Fauna of Malawi]]
[[Category:Mammals of Malawi]]
[[Category:Fauna of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Mammals of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Fauna of Southern Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals of Southern Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1919|Kinda baboon]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1919|Kinda baboon]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Einar Lönnberg]]
[[Category:Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Miombo]]

Latest revision as of 01:19, 18 July 2024

Kinda baboon[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Cercopithecidae
Genus: Papio
Species:
P. kindae
Binomial name
Papio kindae
Lönnberg, 1919

The Kinda baboon (Papio kindae) is a species of baboon present in the miombo woodlands of Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and possibly western Tanzania. It was once considered a subspecies of the yellow baboon (P. cynocephalus), then distinct enough to merit status as full species (P. kindae) under the phylogenetic species concept.[3]

P. kindae in Kafue National Park, Zambia

It is named after the town in southern DRC where the type-locality was found.[4]

Description

[edit]

The Kinda baboon is golden in color with a light build and slender, lanky appearance. Their fur is somewhat longer and is less coarse and much softer compared to other baboon species. It is the smallest of all baboons; adult males are about the size of adult females of other baboon species.[5] The Kinda baboon is also characterized by a shorter snout and pink circles around the eyes. Infants are usually born with white hair rather than black, typical of other baboons.[6] Sexual dimorphism in Kindas is more moderate than in any other baboon species.[7]

White infant with mother in Kafue National Park, Zambia

Hybrid species

[edit]

Baboons in between the size of the Kinda baboon and the yellow baboon are present in northeastern Zambia, and possibly in northern Malawi and southwestern Tanzania as well.[8][9] Such a broad area of intergradation has been taken as evidence of substantial genetic exchange between the two taxa.

Kinda baboons hybridise with chacma baboons in Kafue National Park in southern Zambia.[10]

Behaviour

[edit]

The Kinda baboons live in multisexual groups, similar to olive and yellow baboons.[6] These are often much larger, often comprising over 100 baboons. Compared to all other baboon species, Kindas are unusually docile and uniquely characterized by high levels of male investment in male-female social relationships. Strict social hierarchy with female permanent rank obtained from the mother was observed as in other species. Males join new groups and may rise in rank, but violent confrontations are mostly avoided.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). "Papio kindae". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Wallis, J.; Petersdorf, M.; Weyher, A.H.; Jolly, C.J. (2021). "Papio kindae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136848A190319676. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136848A190319676.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Papio kindae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  4. ^ "Contributions to the knowledge about the monkeys of Belgian Congo". Revue zoologique africaine. 7: 107–154. 1919. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.15112. ISSN 0771-0488.
  5. ^ Jolly, C.J. (1993). "Species, subspecies, and baboon systematics". In W.H. Kimbel; L.B. Martin (eds.). Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution. New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3745-2. ISBN 978-1-4899-3747-6. S2CID 38071293.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ a b Rogers J, Burrell AS, Cotterill FP, Jolly CJ (2004). "A preliminary report on the 'Kinda' baboons of Zambia". Folia Primatologica. 75 (S1): 61.
  7. ^ "Kinda Baboons". Kasanka Baboon Project. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  8. ^ Freedman L (1963). "A biometric study of Papio cynocephalus skulls from northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland". Journal of Mammalogy. 44 (1). Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 44, No. 1: 24–43. doi:10.2307/1377165. JSTOR 1377165.
  9. ^ Ansell WF, Dowsett RJ (1988). Mammals of Malawi. St. Ives: The Trendrine Press. ISBN 0951256203.
  10. ^ Jolly, Cliff; Burrell, Andrew S.; Phillips-Conroy, Jane; Bergey, Christina M. (March 2011). "Kinda baboons (Papio kindae) and grayfoot chacma baboons (P. ursinus griseipes) hybridize in the Kafue River Valley, Zambia". American Journal of Primatology. 73 (3): 291–303. doi:10.1002/ajp.20896. PMID 21274900. S2CID 205329586. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  11. ^ Weyher, Anna H.; Phillips-Conroy, Jane E.; Fourrier, Marc S.; Jolly, Clifford J. (2014). "Male-Driven Grooming Bouts in Mixed-Sex Dyads of Kinda Baboons (Papio kindae)". Folia Primatologica. 85 (3): 178–191. doi:10.1159/000362544. ISSN 0015-5713. PMID 25012475. S2CID 42289552.

Further reading

[edit]

Petersdorf, Megan; Weyher, Anna H.; Kamilar, Jason M.; Dubuc, Constance; Higham, James P. (2019-10-01). "Sexual selection in the Kinda baboon". Journal of Human Evolution. 135: 102635. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.006. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 31421317. S2CID 201057551.

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