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{{Short description|Special field within the study of currencies}}
'''Silk Road Numismatics''' is a special field within [[Silk Road]] studies and within [[numismatics]]. It is particularly important because it covers a part of the world where history is not always clear – either because the historical record is incomplete or is contested. For example numismatics has played a central role in determining the chronology of the [[Kushan]] kings.
'''Silk Road Numismatics''' is a special field within [[Silk Road]] studies and within [[numismatics]]. It is particularly important because it covers a part of the world where history is not always clear – either because the historical record is incomplete or is contested. For example, numismatics has played a central role in determining the chronology of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] kings.


==Silk Road Coins==
==Silk Road Coins==
Silk Road numismatics includes all coinage traditions from the East Asia to Europe, from earliest times. There is a great deal of merging of coinage traditions at locations on the Silk Road, and expertise in several coinage traditions is required to understand these. A notable example is the Sino-Kharoshthi coinage of [[Khotan]], in which two coinage traditions come together - these coins are bilingual, with a Kharoshthi inscription on one side and a Chinese inscription on the other. They relate to both the Attic standard of [[ancient Greek coinage]] and to the wuzhu system of the [[Han dynasty]], and name the local kings of Khotan, for whom there is no indigenous historical record.<ref>Joe Cribb, "The Sino-Kharoshthi coins of Khotan", ''Numismatic Chronicle'', 1984, pp. 128–152; 1985 pp. 139– 149, plates 20–23. (translated as "Hetian Han-Querti Qian" (Khotanese Chinese-Kharoshthi Coins), in ''Zhongguo Qianbi'' (Chinese Numismatics, Journal of the Chinese Numismatic Society), Beijing, 1987 part 2, pp. 31–40 and plate)</ref>
Silk Road numismatics includes all coinage traditions from [[East Asia]] to Europe, from earliest times. There is a great deal of merging of coinage traditions at locations on the Silk Road, and expertise in several coinage traditions is required to understand these. A notable example is the Sino-Kharoshthi coinage of [[Khotan]], in which two coinage traditions come together - these coins are bilingual, with a Kharoshthi inscription on one side and a Chinese inscription on the other. They relate to both the Attic standard of [[ancient Greek coinage]] and to the wuzhu system of the [[Han dynasty]], and name the local kings of Khotan, for whom there is no indigenous historical record.<ref>Joe Cribb, "The Sino-Kharoshthi coins of Khotan", ''[[Numismatic Chronicle]]'', 1984, pp. 128–152; 1985 pp. 139– 149, plates 20–23. (translated as "Hetian Han-Querti Qian" (Khotanese Chinese-Kharoshthi Coins), in ''Zhongguo Qianbi'' (Chinese Numismatics, Journal of the Chinese Numismatic Society), Beijing, 1987 part 2, pp. 31–40 and plate)</ref>


'''Training'''
'''Training'''<br />
As with all branches of numismatics, most training is object-based, and therefore tends to take place where there are specialist collections. The [[Ikuo Hirayama|Hirayama]] Trainee Curatorship in Silk Road Numismatics was established in the early 1990s, as "a five-year project to enable young scholars at the beginning of their careers, to come to the British Museum for a full academic year to develop their knowledge of Silk Road coins."<ref>Joe Cribb and Helen Wang, Professor Ikuo Hirayama and the British Museum, in Silk Road Coins and Culture (Kamakura: Institute of Silk Road Studes, 1997)p. 3.</ref> The five scholars were [https://sirimunasiha.wordpress.com/about/content-of-pages-ancient-coins-of-sri-lanka/coin-of-datta/ Chandrika Jayasinghe] (Dept of Archaeology, Colombo, Sri Lanka), [http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/an-afternoon-at-the-lahore-museum/ Naushaba Anjum] (The Lahore Museum, Pakistan), [https://artsmuseum.academia.edu/sergeikovalenko Sergei Kovalenko] (The Pushkin Museum, Moscow, Russia), Shah Nazar Khan (Peshawar University Museum, Pakistan), Wang Dan (China Numismatic Society, China). Other scholars have received grants from the [http://numismatics.org.uk/grants/neil-kreitman/ Neil Kreitman Central Asian Numismatic Endowment], administered by the [[Royal Numismatic Society]].
As with all branches of numismatics, most training is object-based, and therefore tends to take place where there are specialist collections. The [[Ikuo Hirayama|Hirayama]] Trainee Curatorship in Silk Road Numismatics was established in the early 1990s, as "a five-year project to enable young scholars at the beginning of their careers, to come to the [[British Museum]] for a full academic year to develop their knowledge of Silk Road coins."<ref>[[Joe Cribb]] and Helen Wang, Professor [[Ikuo Hirayama]] and the [[British Museum]], in ''Silk Road Coins and Culture'' (Kamakura: Institute of Silk Road Studies, 1997)p. 3.</ref> The five scholars were [https://sirimunasiha.wordpress.com/about/content-of-pages-ancient-coins-of-sri-lanka/coin-of-datta/ Chandrika Jayasinghe] ([[Department of Archaeology (Sri Lanka)|Dept of Archaeology]], [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]), [http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/an-afternoon-at-the-lahore-museum/ Naushaba Anjum] ([[Lahore Museum]], Pakistan), [https://artsmuseum.academia.edu/sergeikovalenko Sergei Kovalenko] ([[Pushkin Museum]], Moscow, Russia), Shah Nazar Khan ([[Peshawar University]] Museum, Pakistan), Wang Dan ([[China Numismatic Society]], China). Other scholars have received grants from the [http://numismatics.org.uk/grants/neil-kreitman/ Neil Kreitman Central Asian Numismatic Endowment], administered by the [[Royal Numismatic Society]].


'''Silk Road Money'''
==Silk Road Money==
It should be noted that coins were not the only form of money on the Silk Road, as recent studies on textiles have shown.<ref>See Valerie Hansen and Helen Wang, "Textiles as Money on the Silk Road", Special issue of the ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'', June 2013.</ref>
Coins were not the only form of money on the [[Silk Road]], as recent studies on textiles have shown.<ref>See [[Valerie Hansen]] and Helen Wang, "Textiles as Money on the Silk Road", Special issue of the ''[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]'', June 2013.</ref>


==Exhibitions and displays==
==Exhibitions and displays==
'''Long-term'''
'''Long-term'''
*Silk Road Coin Gallery, at the [[Shanghai Museum]] (with catalogue)
*Silk Road Coin Gallery, at the [[Shanghai Museum]] (with catalogue)
*Silk Road Coins at the [[British Museum]] - in the Joseph E. Hotung Gallery (Room 33 - currently closed for refurbishment) and the Citi Money Gallery (Room 68)
*Silk Road Coins at the [[British Museum]] - in the [[Joseph Hotung|Joseph E. Hotung]] Gallery (Room 33) and the Citi Money Gallery (Room 68)


'''Short-term'''
'''Short-term'''
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* 1992 ''The Crossroads of Asia : transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan'', by Joe Cribb and Elizabeth Errington, with Maggie Claringbull (Cambridge: [[Ancient India and Iran Trust]], 1992).
* 1992 ''The Crossroads of Asia : transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan'', by Joe Cribb and Elizabeth Errington, with Maggie Claringbull (Cambridge: [[Ancient India and Iran Trust]], 1992).
* 1993 ''Silk Road Coins: The Hirayama Collection'' by Katsumi Tanabe (Kamakura: Silk Road Institute, 1993).
* 1993 ''Silk Road Coins: The Hirayama Collection'' by Katsumi Tanabe (Kamakura: Silk Road Institute, 1993).
* 2006 ''Shanghai Museum's Collection of Ancient Coins from the Silk Road'' 《上海博物馆藏丝绸之路古代国家钱币》 (Shanghai: Shanghai Museum, 2006). ISBN 9787807253938
* 2006 ''Shanghai Museum's Collection of Ancient Coins from the Silk Road'' 《上海博物馆藏丝绸之路古代国家钱币》 (Shanghai: Shanghai Museum, 2006). {{ISBN|9787807253938}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{Portal|Money|Numismatics}}
*[https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/RobertBracey Bracey, Robert] (2012), [https://www.academia.edu/2078818/The_Mint_Cities_of_the_Kushan_Empire "The Mint Cities of the Kushan Empire"], in F. Lopez-Sanchez (ed.), The City and the Coin in the Ancient and Early Medieval Worlds, BAR S2402; 2012, pp.117-132.
*[https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/RobertBracey Bracey, Robert] (2012), [https://www.academia.edu/2078818/The_Mint_Cities_of_the_Kushan_Empire "The Mint Cities of the Kushan Empire"], in F. Lopez-Sanchez (ed.), The City and the Coin in the Ancient and Early Medieval Worlds, BAR S2402; 2012, pp.&nbsp;117–132.
*[[Joe Cribb|Cribb, Joe]] (1984), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/42667383 "The Sino-Kharosthi Coins of Khotan: Their Attribution and Relevance to Kushan Chronology: Part 1"], ''Numismatic Chronicle'' Vol. 144 (1984), pp.&nbsp;128–152.
*Cribb, Joe (1985), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/42667535 "The Sino-Kharosthi Coins of Khotan: Their Attribution and Relevance to Kushan Chronology: Part 2"], ''Numismatic Chronicle'' Vol. 145 (1985), pp.&nbsp;136–149.
*[[Joe Cribb|Cribb, Joe]] (1984), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42667383 "The Sino-Kharosthi Coins of Khotan: Their Attribution and Relevance to Kushan Chronology: Part 1"], ''Numismatic Chronicle'' Vol. 144 (1984), pp.&nbsp;128–152.
*Cribb, Joe (1985), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42667535 "The Sino-Kharosthi Coins of Khotan: Their Attribution and Relevance to Kushan Chronology: Part 2"], ''Numismatic Chronicle'' Vol. 145 (1985), pp.&nbsp;136–149.
*Dong, Qingxuan and Jiang Qixiang, and the ''Xinjiang Numismatics'' editorial board (1991), [http://www.worldcat.org/title/xinjiang-qian-bi/oclc/26030690&referer=brief_results ''Xinjiang Numismatics''] (Xinjiang Art and Photo Press/ Educational and Cultural Press, Hong Kong, 1991) ISBN 9787805470375
*Cribb, Joe, "Money as a Marker of Cultural Continuity and Change in Central Asia", in Joe Cribb and [[Georgina Herrmann]] (eds) After Alexander. Central Asia Before Islam (Proceedings of the British Academy 133, 2007), pp.&nbsp;333–375.
*[[Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis|Curtis, Vesta]] and Alexandra Magub, ''Rivalling Rome: Parthian Coins and Culture'' (Spink, 2020). ISBN 978-1912667444
*Dong Qingxuan and Jiang Qixiang, and the ''Xinjiang Numismatics'' editorial board (1991), [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26030690 ''Xinjiang Numismatics''] (Xinjiang Art and Photo Press/ Educational and Cultural Press, Hong Kong, 1991) {{ISBN|9787805470375}}
*[https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/ElizabethErrington Errington, Elizabeth] and [https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/staff/coins_and_medals/vesta_sarkhosh_curtis.aspx Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh] (2007), ''From Persepolis to the Punjab: Exploring Ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan'' (London: British Museum Press, 2007)
*[https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/ElizabethErrington Errington, Elizabeth] and [https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/staff/coins_and_medals/vesta_sarkhosh_curtis.aspx Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh] (2007), ''From Persepolis to the Punjab: Exploring Ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan'' (London: British Museum Press, 2007)
*[[Valerie Hansen|Hansen, Valerie]] and [http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/staff/coins_and_medals/helen_wang.aspx Wang, Helen] (eds) (2013), [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/issue/08165239DE70BFDCB2A2CDC0AC27B71E ''Textiles as Money on the Silk Road''] (special issue of ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'', 2013, vol. 23, no. 2.
*[[Valerie Hansen|Hansen, Valerie]] and [[Helen Wang|Wang, Helen]] (eds) (2013), [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/issue/08165239DE70BFDCB2A2CDC0AC27B71E ''Textiles as Money on the Silk Road''] (special issue of ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'', 2013, vol. 23, no. 2.
*Jongeward, David and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan, ''Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins'' (New York: American Numismatic Society, 2015)
*Lin Ying, [http://www.silk-road.com/newsletter/vol3num2/4_ying.php "Solidi in China and Monetary Culture along the Silk Road"], ''The Silk Road'', vol. 3, no. 2.<ref>http://www.silk-road.com/newsletter/vol3num2/4_ying.php</ref>
*Lin Ying, [http://www.silk-road.com/newsletter/vol3num2/4_ying.php "Solidi in China and Monetary Culture along the Silk Road"], ''The Silk Road'', vol. 3, no. 2.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.silk-road.com/newsletter/vol3num2/4_ying.php |title=Solidi in China and Monetary Culture along the Silk Road |website=www.silk-road.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200542/http://www.silk-road.com/newsletter/vol3num2/4_ying.php |archive-date=2007-01-03}}</ref>
*Lin Ying (2003), [http://www.transoxiana.org/0106/lin-ying_turks_solidus.html "Western Turks and Byzantine gold coins found in China"], ''Transoxiana'' 6, July 2003.
*Lin Ying (2003), [http://www.transoxiana.org/0106/lin-ying_turks_solidus.html "Western Turks and Byzantine gold coins found in China"], ''Transoxiana'' 6, July 2003.
* [[Edvard Rtveladze]], "Monetary Circulation in Ancient Tokharistan", in Joe Cribb and [[Georgina Herrmann]] (eds) After Alexander. Central Asia Before Islam (Proceedings of the British Academy 133, 2007), pp.&nbsp;389–397.
*Shanghai Museum (ed.), ''Proceedings of the Symposium on Ancient Coins and the Culture of the Silk Road'' (Shanghai shuhua chubanshe, 2011). 上海博物館編 《絲綢之路古國錢幣暨絲路文化國際學術研討會論文集》上海書畫出版社 ISBN 978-7-5479-0310-0 ([https://www.academia.edu/2056210/Shanghai_Silk_Road_Conference_2006_-_Proceedings_2011_contents_page_translated_into_English_ summary of contents in English])
*Shanghai Museum (ed.), ''Proceedings of the Symposium on Ancient Coins and the Culture of the Silk Road'' (Shanghai shuhua chubanshe, 2011). 上海博物館編 《絲綢之路古國錢幣暨絲路文化國際學術研討會論文集》上海書畫出版社 {{ISBN|978-7-5479-0310-0}} ([https://www.academia.edu/2056210/Shanghai_Silk_Road_Conference_2006_-_Proceedings_2011_contents_page_translated_into_English_ summary of contents in English])
*[http://webspace.ship.edu/jkskaf/ Skaff, Jonathan Karam], [http://www.jstor.org/stable/41645542 "Sasanian and Arab-Sasanian Silver Coins from Turfan: Their Relationship to International Trade and the Local Economy"], ''Asia Major'' 3rd series, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1998), pp. 67-115.
*[http://webspace.ship.edu/jkskaf/ Skaff, Jonathan Karam], [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41645542 "Sasanian and Arab-Sasanian Silver Coins from Turfan: Their Relationship to International Trade and the Local Economy"], ''Asia Major'' 3rd series, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1998), pp.&nbsp;67–115.
*Smirnova, Natasha, "Some Questions Regarding the Numismatics of Pre-Islamic Merv", in Joe Cribb and [[Georgina Herrmann]] (eds) After Alexander. Central Asia Before Islam (Proceedings of the British Academy 133, 2007), pp.&nbsp;377–388.
*[https://independent.academia.edu/KatsumiTANABE Tanabe, Katsumi]; Cribb, Joe and Wang, Helen (eds) (1997), [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/6629148?selectedversion=NBD21282597 ''Studies in Silk Road Coins and Culture: Papers in honour of Professor Ikuo Hirayama on his 65th birthday''] (Kamakura: Institute of Silk Road Studies, 1997)
*[https://independent.academia.edu/KatsumiTANABE Tanabe, Katsumi]; Cribb, Joe and Wang, Helen (eds) (1997), [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/6629148?selectedversion=NBD21282597 ''Studies in Silk Road Coins and Culture: Papers in honour of Professor Ikuo Hirayama on his 65th birthday''] (Kamakura: Institute of Silk Road Studies, 1997)
*Thierry, François (2012), [https://www.academia.edu/2487458/Fran%C3%A7ois_Thierry_Rome_et_la_Chine_trois_notes_de_numismatique_L_Arch%C3%A9oth%C3%A9ma_No_19_mars-avril_2012_pp._27-33 "Rome et la Chine, trois notes de numismatique"], ''L’Archéothéma'', No 19, mars-avril 2012, pp. 27-33.
*[[François Thierry (numismatist)|Thierry, François]] (2012), [https://www.academia.edu/2487458/Fran%C3%A7ois_Thierry_Rome_et_la_Chine_trois_notes_de_numismatique_L_Arch%C3%A9oth%C3%A9ma_No_19_mars-avril_2012_pp._27-33 "Rome et la Chine, trois notes de numismatique"], ''L’Archéothéma'', No 19, mars-avril 2012, pp.&nbsp;27–33.
*Thierry, François (1993), [https://www.academia.edu/4732445/_Sur_les_monnaies_sassanides_trouv%C3%A9es_en_Chine_Res_Orientales_V_1993_89-139 "Sur les monnaies sassanides trouvées en Chine"], ''Res Orientales'', V, 1993, 89-139.
*Thierry, François (1993), [https://www.academia.edu/4732445/_Sur_les_monnaies_sassanides_trouv%C3%A9es_en_Chine_Res_Orientales_V_1993_89-139 "Sur les monnaies sassanides trouvées en Chine"], ''Res Orientales'', V, 1993, 89-139.
*Wang, Helen (2004), [http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/money-on-the-silk-road.html ''Money on the Silk Road. The Evidence from Eastern Central Asia to c. AD 800''] (London: British Museum Press, 2004)
*[[Helen Wang|Wang, Helen]] (2004), [http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/money-on-the-silk-road.html ''Money on the Silk Road. The Evidence from Eastern Central Asia to c. AD 800''] (London: British Museum Press, 2004)
*Wang, Helen (2004), [https://www.academia.edu/1064141/How_much_for_a_camel_-_A_new_understanding_of_money_on_the_Silk_Road_before_AD_800 “How Much for a Camel? A New Understanding of Money on the Silk Road before AD 800"], in [[Susan Whitfield]], ed. ''The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith''. Chicago: Serindia, 2004, pp. 24–33.
*Wang, Helen (2004), [https://www.academia.edu/1064141/How_much_for_a_camel_-_A_new_understanding_of_money_on_the_Silk_Road_before_AD_800 “How Much for a Camel? A New Understanding of Money on the Silk Road before AD 800"], in [[Susan Whitfield]], ed. ''The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith''. Chicago: Serindia, 2004, pp.&nbsp;24–33.
*Wang, Helen (2007), "Money in Eastern Central Asia before AD 800", in Joe Cribb and [[Georgina Herrmann]] (eds) After Alexander. Central Asia Before Islam (Proceedings of the British Academy 133, 2007), pp.&nbsp;399–409.
*Wang, Helen, Joe Cribb, Elizabeth Errington, Vesta Curtis and Robert Bracey (2023) “Money on the Silk Road, Research at the British Museum”, ''[https://www.orientalnumismaticsociety.org/jons/recent/#253-autumn-2023 Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 253]'', pp. 21-31.

'''Specialist journals'''

Articles on Silk Road Numismatics appear in a number of scholarly journals, including:
*''Silk Road Art and Archaeology'' (Journal of the Institute of Silk Road Studies, Kamakura, Japan)<ref>http://www.worldcat.org/title/silk-road-art-and-archaeology-journal-of-the-institute-of-silk-road-studies-kamakura/oclc/23857017 {{Bare URL inline|date=September 2022}}</ref>
*''Bulletin of the Asia Institute'' (UK)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bulletinasiainstitute.org/ |title=Home |website=bulletinasiainstitute.org}}</ref>
*''Numismatic Chronicle'' ([[Royal Numismatic Society]], UK)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://numismatics.org.uk/society-publications/the-numismatic-chronicle/|title=The Numismatic Chronicle|date=23 May 2014}}</ref>
*''[http://Journal%20of%20the%20Oriental%20Numismatic%20Society Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society]'' (UK)
*''Revue numismatique'' (France)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.persee.fr/collection/numi|title=Revue Numismatique}}</ref>
*''Numismatique asiatique'' (La Société de Numismatique Asiatique, France)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/societedenumismatiqueasiatique/revue|title=Société de Numismatique Asiatique - Revue "Numismatique Asiatique"}}</ref>

'''Numismatic libraries'''
*[[British Museum Department of Coins and Medals|The Department of Coins and Medals]], The British Museum - [https://library.britishmuseum.org/?_gl=1*13sf82i*_up*MQ..*_ga*MzM4MDAwMDMxLjE3MjEzNjU0OTI.*_ga_08TLB9R8X1*MTcyMTM2NTQ5MS4xLjAuMTcyMTM2NTQ5MS4wLjAuMA.. library catalogue]
*[http://The%20Library%20of%20the%20Royal%20Numismatic%20Society%20and%20British%20Numismatic%20Society The Library of the Royal Numismatic Society and British Numismatic Society] (at the Warburg Library) - [https://catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/search~S12/ library catalogue]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Silk Road]]
[[Category:Silk Road numismatics| ]]
[[Category:Numismatics]]
[[Category:Numismatics]]
[[Category:Silk Road Numismatics]]
[[Category:Chinese numismatics]]

Latest revision as of 05:11, 19 July 2024

Silk Road Numismatics is a special field within Silk Road studies and within numismatics. It is particularly important because it covers a part of the world where history is not always clear – either because the historical record is incomplete or is contested. For example, numismatics has played a central role in determining the chronology of the Kushan kings.

Silk Road Coins

[edit]

Silk Road numismatics includes all coinage traditions from East Asia to Europe, from earliest times. There is a great deal of merging of coinage traditions at locations on the Silk Road, and expertise in several coinage traditions is required to understand these. A notable example is the Sino-Kharoshthi coinage of Khotan, in which two coinage traditions come together - these coins are bilingual, with a Kharoshthi inscription on one side and a Chinese inscription on the other. They relate to both the Attic standard of ancient Greek coinage and to the wuzhu system of the Han dynasty, and name the local kings of Khotan, for whom there is no indigenous historical record.[1]

Training
As with all branches of numismatics, most training is object-based, and therefore tends to take place where there are specialist collections. The Hirayama Trainee Curatorship in Silk Road Numismatics was established in the early 1990s, as "a five-year project to enable young scholars at the beginning of their careers, to come to the British Museum for a full academic year to develop their knowledge of Silk Road coins."[2] The five scholars were Chandrika Jayasinghe (Dept of Archaeology, Colombo, Sri Lanka), Naushaba Anjum (Lahore Museum, Pakistan), Sergei Kovalenko (Pushkin Museum, Moscow, Russia), Shah Nazar Khan (Peshawar University Museum, Pakistan), Wang Dan (China Numismatic Society, China). Other scholars have received grants from the Neil Kreitman Central Asian Numismatic Endowment, administered by the Royal Numismatic Society.

Silk Road Money

[edit]

Coins were not the only form of money on the Silk Road, as recent studies on textiles have shown.[3]

Exhibitions and displays

[edit]

Long-term

Short-term

  • 1992 The Crossroads of Asia : transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan (Fitzwilliam Museum, 1992). (see catalogue)
  • 1993 Silk Road Coins: the Hirayama Collection. A special loan exhibition from Japan (British Museum, 1993).[4] (see catalogue)
  • 1997 From Persepolis to the Punjab: Coins and the Exploration of the East (British Museum, 1997)[5] (see publication)

Exhibition catalogues

[edit]
  • 1992 The Crossroads of Asia : transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan, by Joe Cribb and Elizabeth Errington, with Maggie Claringbull (Cambridge: Ancient India and Iran Trust, 1992).
  • 1993 Silk Road Coins: The Hirayama Collection by Katsumi Tanabe (Kamakura: Silk Road Institute, 1993).
  • 2006 Shanghai Museum's Collection of Ancient Coins from the Silk Road 《上海博物馆藏丝绸之路古代国家钱币》 (Shanghai: Shanghai Museum, 2006). ISBN 9787807253938

Further reading

[edit]

Specialist journals

Articles on Silk Road Numismatics appear in a number of scholarly journals, including:

Numismatic libraries

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Joe Cribb, "The Sino-Kharoshthi coins of Khotan", Numismatic Chronicle, 1984, pp. 128–152; 1985 pp. 139– 149, plates 20–23. (translated as "Hetian Han-Querti Qian" (Khotanese Chinese-Kharoshthi Coins), in Zhongguo Qianbi (Chinese Numismatics, Journal of the Chinese Numismatic Society), Beijing, 1987 part 2, pp. 31–40 and plate)
  2. ^ Joe Cribb and Helen Wang, Professor Ikuo Hirayama and the British Museum, in Silk Road Coins and Culture (Kamakura: Institute of Silk Road Studies, 1997)p. 3.
  3. ^ See Valerie Hansen and Helen Wang, "Textiles as Money on the Silk Road", Special issue of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, June 2013.
  4. ^ https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf p. 80.
  5. ^ https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf p. 102.
  6. ^ "Solidi in China and Monetary Culture along the Silk Road". www.silk-road.com. Archived from the original on 2007-01-03.
  7. ^ http://www.worldcat.org/title/silk-road-art-and-archaeology-journal-of-the-institute-of-silk-road-studies-kamakura/oclc/23857017 [bare URL]
  8. ^ "Home". bulletinasiainstitute.org.
  9. ^ "The Numismatic Chronicle". 23 May 2014.
  10. ^ "Revue Numismatique".
  11. ^ "Société de Numismatique Asiatique - Revue "Numismatique Asiatique"".