Émile Duclaux: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|French microbiologist and chemist}} |
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[[File:Emile Duclaux 1900s.jpg|thumb|Emile Duclaux in the 1900s]] |
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{{Infobox person |
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| name = Émile Duclaux |
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| image = Emile Duclaux 1900s.jpg |
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| caption = Emile Duclaux in the 1900s |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1840|06|24}} |
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| birth_place = Aurillac, Cantal, Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, France |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1904|05|03|1840|06|24}} |
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| death_place = Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France |
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| occupation = Physicist, Biologist and Chemist |
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| children = 3; Jacques Eugene Duclaux |
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}} |
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[[Image:Emile Duclaux.jpg|thumb|Émile Duclaux, circa 1890]] |
[[Image:Emile Duclaux.jpg|thumb|Émile Duclaux, circa 1890]] |
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'''Émile Duclaux''' (24 June 1840 – May 2, 1904) was a French [[microbiologist]] and [[chemist]] born in [[Aurillac]], [[Cantal]]. |
'''Émile Duclaux''' (24 June 1840 – May 2, 1904) was a French [[microbiologist]] and [[chemist]] born in [[Aurillac]], [[Cantal]]. |
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In 1888 he was elected to the ''[[Académie des sciences]]'', and in 1894 became a member of the ''[[Académie Nationale de Médecine]]''. |
In 1888 he was elected to the ''[[Académie des sciences]]'', and in 1894 became a member of the ''[[Académie Nationale de Médecine]]''. |
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Duclaux's work was largely in the fields of [[chemistry]], [[bacteriology]], [[hygiene]] and [[agriculture]]. Duclaux initiated the custom of naming enzymes by adding the suffix "-ase" to the enzyme's substrate. His intention was to honor the first scientists (namely [[Anselme Payen]], 1795–1871; and [[Jean |
Duclaux's work was largely in the fields of [[chemistry]], [[bacteriology]], [[hygiene]] and [[agriculture]]. Duclaux initiated the custom of naming enzymes by adding the suffix "[[-ase]]" to the enzyme's substrate. His intention was to honor the first scientists (namely [[Anselme Payen]], 1795–1871; and [[Jean-François Persoz]], 1805–1868) to isolate an enzyme; "[[diastase]]", in 1833.<ref name=da>{{ cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I4VzaPjTnxUC&pg=PA27 |author=Dan Agin, Ph.D. |title=Junk Science: How Politicians, Corporations, and Other Hucksters Betray Us |year=2006 |pages=27 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |isbn=978-0-312-37480-8}}</ref><ref>William H. Howell (1905) ''A Text-book of Physiology''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.: W. B. Saunders. [https://archive.org/details/atextbookphysio01howegoog/page/n685 p. 662]</ref><ref>Émile Duclaux (1899) ''Traité de Microbiologie'', vol. 2. Paris, France: Masson and Co. See Chapter 1, especially [https://archive.org/details/traitdemicrobi02ducl/page/9 p. 9].</ref> With Pasteur, he collaborated in the study of [[silkworm]] diseases, and also took part in experiments to debunk the theory of [[spontaneous generation]]. In the 1870s, he undertook studies of [[phylloxera]], an [[aphid|aphid-like]] pest that plagued [[grape vine]]yards. In addition, he performed research on the composition of milk, and conducted studies on beer and wine. |
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In 1887 he began publication of the ''Annales de l'Institut Pasteur'', with [[Charles Chamberland]] (1851-1908), [[Jacques-Joseph Grancher]] (1843–1907), [[Edmond Nocard]] (1850–1903) and [[Pierre Paul Émile Roux]] (1853–1933) as members of the first editorial board. Following Pasteur's death in 1895, Duclaux became director of the Institute, with Roux and Chamberland serving as its sub-directors. |
In 1887 he began publication of the ''Annales de l'Institut Pasteur'', with [[Charles Chamberland]] (1851-1908), [[Jacques-Joseph Grancher]] (1843–1907), [[Edmond Nocard]] (1850–1903) and [[Pierre Paul Émile Roux]] (1853–1933) as members of the first editorial board. Following Pasteur's death in 1895, Duclaux became director of the Institute, with Roux and Chamberland serving as its sub-directors. |
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Duclaux was a prolific writer, some of his better known publications were |
Duclaux was a prolific writer, some of his better known publications were ''Traité de microbiologie'', ''L'hygiène sociale'', ''Ferments et maladies'' and ''Pasteur, histoire d'un esprit'', the latter being a biography dedicated to Pasteur. |
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Being actively involved in French politics, he was a vocal supporter of [[Alfred Dreyfus]] (1859-1935), when the latter was unjustly accused of treason. Duclaux's second wife, [[Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux]] (maiden name Agnes Mary Frances Robinson 1857–1944), was a well-known author, and his son, [[Jacques Duclaux|Jacques Eugène Duclaux]] (1877–1978), was a highly regarded chemist. |
Being actively involved in French politics, he was a vocal supporter of [[Alfred Dreyfus]] (1859-1935), when the latter was unjustly accused of treason. Duclaux's second wife, [[Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux]] (maiden name Agnes Mary Frances Robinson 1857–1944), was a well-known author, and his son, [[Jacques Duclaux|Jacques Eugène Duclaux]] (1877–1978), was a highly regarded chemist. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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*Reference 1 is ISBN 978-0-312-37480-8 |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/colleagues/biographies/emile-duclaux-1840-1905.html Biography of Emile Duclaux], Pasteur Brewing |
* [http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/colleagues/biographies/emile-duclaux-1840-1905.html Biography of Emile Duclaux], Pasteur Brewing |
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* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Émile Duclaux}} |
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Émile Duclaux}} |
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* [https:// |
* [https://webext.pasteur.fr/archives/e_duc0.html Archives de l'Institut Pasteur] (chronological biography) |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:1904 deaths]] |
[[Category:1904 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from Aurillac]] |
[[Category:People from Aurillac]] |
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[[Category:French biologists]] |
[[Category:19th-century French biologists]] |
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[[Category:French microbiologists]] |
[[Category:French microbiologists]] |
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[[Category:Hygienists]] |
[[Category:Hygienists]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:18, 20 July 2024
Émile Duclaux | |
|---|---|
 Emile Duclaux in the 1900s | |
| Born | June 24, 1840 Aurillac, Cantal, Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, France |
| Died | May 3, 1904 (aged 63) Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France |
| Occupation(s) | Physicist, Biologist and Chemist |
| Children | 3; Jacques Eugene Duclaux |
Émile Duclaux (24 June 1840 – May 2, 1904) was a French microbiologist and chemist born in Aurillac, Cantal.
He studied at the College of Aurillac, the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris and at École Normale Supérieure. In 1862 he began work as an assistant in the laboratory of Louis Pasteur (1822–1895). During his career, he taught classes in Tours (1865), Clermont-Ferrand (1866), Lyon (from 1873) and Paris (from 1878). In Paris, he was a professor of meteorology at the Institute of Agronomy. For much of his career he was associated with the work of Louis Pasteur.
In 1888 he was elected to the Académie des sciences, and in 1894 became a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine.
Duclaux's work was largely in the fields of chemistry, bacteriology, hygiene and agriculture. Duclaux initiated the custom of naming enzymes by adding the suffix "-ase" to the enzyme's substrate. His intention was to honor the first scientists (namely Anselme Payen, 1795–1871; and Jean-François Persoz, 1805–1868) to isolate an enzyme; "diastase", in 1833.[1][2][3] With Pasteur, he collaborated in the study of silkworm diseases, and also took part in experiments to debunk the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1870s, he undertook studies of phylloxera, an aphid-like pest that plagued grape vineyards. In addition, he performed research on the composition of milk, and conducted studies on beer and wine.
In 1887 he began publication of the Annales de l'Institut Pasteur, with Charles Chamberland (1851-1908), Jacques-Joseph Grancher (1843–1907), Edmond Nocard (1850–1903) and Pierre Paul Émile Roux (1853–1933) as members of the first editorial board. Following Pasteur's death in 1895, Duclaux became director of the Institute, with Roux and Chamberland serving as its sub-directors.
Duclaux was a prolific writer, some of his better known publications were Traité de microbiologie, L'hygiène sociale, Ferments et maladies and Pasteur, histoire d'un esprit, the latter being a biography dedicated to Pasteur.
Being actively involved in French politics, he was a vocal supporter of Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935), when the latter was unjustly accused of treason. Duclaux's second wife, Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux (maiden name Agnes Mary Frances Robinson 1857–1944), was a well-known author, and his son, Jacques Eugène Duclaux (1877–1978), was a highly regarded chemist.
References
[edit]- ^ Dan Agin, Ph.D. (2006). Junk Science: How Politicians, Corporations, and Other Hucksters Betray Us. St. Martin's Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-312-37480-8.
- ^ William H. Howell (1905) A Text-book of Physiology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.: W. B. Saunders. p. 662
- ^ Émile Duclaux (1899) Traité de Microbiologie, vol. 2. Paris, France: Masson and Co. See Chapter 1, especially p. 9.
- ^ International Plant Names Index. Duclaux.
External links
[edit]
- Biography of Emile Duclaux, Pasteur Brewing
- Works by or about Émile Duclaux at the Internet Archive
- Archives de l'Institut Pasteur (chronological biography)
