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{{short description|Croatian politician}}
{{short description|Croatian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ante Trumbić
| name = Ante Trumbić
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==Biography==
==Biography==
Trumbić was born in [[Split (city)|Split]] in the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] [[crownland]] of [[Kingdom of Dalmatia|Dalmatia]] and studied law at [[Zagreb]], [[Vienna]] and [[Graz]] (with doctorate in 1890). He practiced as a lawyer, and then, from 1905 as the city mayor of Split. Trumbić was in favor of moderate reforms in Austro-Hungarian Slavic provinces, which included the unification of Dalmatia with [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]].
Trumbić was born in [[Split (city)|Split]] in the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] [[crownland]] of [[Kingdom of Dalmatia|Dalmatia]] and studied law at [[Zagreb]], [[Vienna]] and [[Graz]] (with doctorate in 1890). He practiced as a lawyer, and then, from 1905 as the city mayor of Split. Trumbić was in favor of moderate reforms in Austro-Hungarian Slavic provinces. That included the unification of Dalmatia with [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]] demanded by the {{ill|Rijeka Resolution|hr|Riječka rezolucija}} Trumbić helped draw up.


After the [[assassination in Sarajevo]] of [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand]] and the invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary, Trumbić became the prominent [[Yugoslav nationalism|Yugoslav nationalist]] leader during World War I, and led the [[Yugoslav Committee]] that lobbied the Allies to support the creation of an independent Yugoslavia.<ref name="wwi-encyclopedia">Spencer Tucker. ''Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History''. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. pp. 1189.</ref> Trumbić negotiated with [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]] [[Nikola Pašić]] to have the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] support the creation of a Yugoslav state, which was delivered at the [[Corfu Declaration]] on 20 July 1917 that advocated the creation of a united state of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes that would be led by the Serbian [[House of Karađorđević]].<ref name="wwi-encyclopedia"/> Trumbić led the Yugoslav Committee delegation at the conference in 1918 that produced the [[Geneva Declaration (1918)|Geneva Declaration]].
After the [[assassination in Sarajevo]] of [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand]] and the invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary, Trumbić became the prominent [[Yugoslav nationalism|Yugoslav nationalist]] leader during World War I, and led the [[Yugoslav Committee]] that lobbied the Allies to support the creation of an independent Yugoslavia.<ref name="wwi-encyclopedia">Spencer Tucker. ''Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History''. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. pp. 1189.</ref> Trumbić negotiated with [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]] [[Nikola Pašić]] to have the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] support the creation of a Yugoslav state, which was delivered at the [[Corfu Declaration]] on 20 July 1917 that advocated the creation of a united state of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes that would be led by the Serbian [[House of Karađorđević]].<ref name="wwi-encyclopedia"/> Trumbić led the Yugoslav Committee delegation at the conference in 1918 that produced the [[Geneva Declaration (1918)|Geneva Declaration]].
Line 37: Line 37:
In 1918, he became foreign minister in the first government of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]. At the Versailles conference after World War I, Trumbić had to represent Yugoslav concerns in the face of [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] territorial ambitions in Dalmatia (temporarily settled in 1920, but raised again with [[Benito Mussolini]]).
In 1918, he became foreign minister in the first government of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]. At the Versailles conference after World War I, Trumbić had to represent Yugoslav concerns in the face of [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] territorial ambitions in Dalmatia (temporarily settled in 1920, but raised again with [[Benito Mussolini]]).


In spite of his support for a united Yugoslavia, Trumbić opposed the [[Vidovdan Constitution|1921 constitution]] over his belief that it was too centralized and allowed Serb hegemony over Yugoslavia.<ref name="wwi-encyclopedia"/> Trumbić was one of 35 representatives to vote against the constitution amid a wide boycott of the National Assembly by opposition parties.<ref>Sabrina P. Ramet, ''The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918–2005''. Indiana University Press, 2006. (p. 57)</ref> Trumbić grew steadily disillusioned with the Yugoslav government over time which he saw as Serb-dominated.<ref name="wwi-encyclopedia"/> He was elected for the last time in the [[1927 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes parliamentary election|1927 elections]] on the list of the [[Croatian Bloc (coalition)|Croatian Bloc]] representing Zagreb together with [[Ante Pavelić]].
In spite of his support for a united Yugoslavia, Trumbić opposed the [[Vidovdan Constitution|1921 constitution]] over his belief that it was too centralized and allowed Serb hegemony over Yugoslavia.<ref name="wwi-encyclopedia"/> Trumbić was one of 35 representatives to vote against the constitution amid a wide boycott of the National Assembly by opposition parties.<ref>Sabrina P. Ramet, ''The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918–2005''. Indiana University Press, 2006. (p. 57)</ref> Trumbić grew steadily disillusioned with the Yugoslav government over time which he saw as Serb-dominated.<ref name="wwi-encyclopedia"/> He was elected for the last time in the [[1927 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes parliamentary election|1927 elections]] on the list of the [[Croatian Bloc (coalition)|Croatian Bloc]] representing Zagreb together with [[Ante Pavelić (1869–1938)]].


In 1929, claiming to bring an end to the ongoing bickering between the Serbian and the Croatian representatives within the kingdom, King [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander of Yugoslavia]] staged a coup d'état and banned all political parties, and removed the individual nationalities ''Serb'' and ''Croat'' from the bigger picture. He renamed the land ''Yugoslavia'', and abrogated the constitution to establish a royal dictatorship. Trumbić was by now in retirement in Zagreb. King Alexander's division of Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia into oblasts and then into [[Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia|banovinas]], countered all previous reforms Trumbić had sought. In a September 1932 interview with [[The Manchester Guardian]] Trumbić wondered whether Croatia should separate from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and pursue a union with Austria.<ref>[[Bernd Jürgen Fischer]], ''Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe''. Purdue University Press, 2007. (p. 79)</ref> In November 1932 Trumbić edited the ''[[Zagreb Points]]'', a series of demands put forth by the Peasant-Democratic coalition to counter Serbian hegemony.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matis.hr/zbornici/2004/hr/bas5.htm |language=Croatian |title=Prvih sto godina Hrvatske seljačke stranke |author=Ljubomir Antić |publisher=[[Croatian Heritage Foundation]] |work=Hrvatski iseljenički zbornik |year=2004 |accessdate=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521232554/http://www.matis.hr/zbornici/2004/hr/bas5.htm |archivedate=21 May 2011 }}</ref>
In 1929, claiming to bring an end to the ongoing bickering between the Serbian and the Croatian representatives within the kingdom, King [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander of Yugoslavia]] staged a coup d'état and banned all political parties, and removed the individual nationalities ''Serb'' and ''Croat'' from the bigger picture. He renamed the land ''Yugoslavia'', and abrogated the constitution to establish a royal dictatorship. Trumbić was by now in retirement in Zagreb. King Alexander's division of Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia into oblasts and then into [[Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia|banovinas]], countered all previous reforms Trumbić had sought. In a September 1932 interview with [[The Manchester Guardian]] Trumbić wondered whether Croatia should separate from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and pursue a union with Austria.<ref>[[Bernd Jürgen Fischer]], ''Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe''. Purdue University Press, 2007. (p. 79)</ref> In November 1932 Trumbić edited the ''[[Zagreb Points]]'', a series of demands put forth by the Peasant-Democratic coalition to counter Serbian hegemony.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matis.hr/zbornici/2004/hr/bas5.htm |language=Croatian |title=Prvih sto godina Hrvatske seljačke stranke |author=Ljubomir Antić |publisher=[[Croatian Heritage Foundation]] |work=Hrvatski iseljenički zbornik |year=2004 |accessdate=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521232554/http://www.matis.hr/zbornici/2004/hr/bas5.htm |archivedate=21 May 2011 }}</ref>


With the arrest of Croatian Peasant Party leader [[Vladko Maček]] in April 1933 Trumbić and [[Josip Predavec]] became the caretaker heads of the party.<ref>Alex N. Dragnich, ''The first Yugoslavia: search for a viable political system''. Hoover Press, 1983. (p. 95)</ref> With Predavec's assassination on 14 July, Trumbić was essentially the head of the party in Maček's absence.
With the arrest of Croatian Peasant Party leader [[Vladko Maček]] in April 1933 Trumbić and [[Josip Predavec]] became the caretaker heads of the party.<ref>Alex N. Dragnich, ''The first Yugoslavia: search for a viable political system''. Hoover Press, 1983. (p. 95)</ref> With Predavec's assassination on 14 July, Trumbić was essentially the head of the party in Maček's absence.
[[File:1929 Ante Trumbić.jpg|thumb|[[Autochrome Lumière|Autochrome]] by Auguste Léon, 1919]]

According to Henri Pozzi, Trumbić later regretted the end of Austria-Hungary,<ref>[[Henri Pozzi]], ''Black Hand over Europe (La Guerre Revient...)''. F. Mott and Co, 1935.</ref> as the South Slav state he had helped to create proved incapable of his intended reforms.
According to Henri Pozzi, Trumbić later regretted the end of Austria-Hungary,<ref>[[Henri Pozzi]], ''Black Hand over Europe (La Guerre Revient...)''. F. Mott and Co, 1935.</ref> as the South Slav state he had helped to create proved incapable of his intended reforms.


Latest revision as of 05:35, 20 July 2024

Ante Trumbić
Foreign Minister of Yugoslavia
In office
7 December 1918 – 22 November 1920
Preceded byStojan Protić
Succeeded byMilenko Vesnić
23rd Mayor of Split
In office
1906–1907
Preceded byVinko Milić
Succeeded byVicko Mihaljević
Personal details
Born(1864-05-17)17 May 1864
Split, Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austrian Empire
Died17 November 1938(1938-11-17) (aged 74)
Zagreb, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Political partyCroatian Party of Rights (–1905)
Croatian Party (1905–1918)
Croatian Community (1924–1926)
Croatian Peasant Party (1926–1938)
Alma materUniversity of Zagreb
University of Vienna
OccupationPolitician
ProfessionAttorney at law

Ante Trumbić (17 May 1864 – 17 November 1938) was a Yugoslav and Croatian lawyer and politician in the early 20th century.

Biography

[edit]

Trumbić was born in Split in the Austrian crownland of Dalmatia and studied law at Zagreb, Vienna and Graz (with doctorate in 1890). He practiced as a lawyer, and then, from 1905 as the city mayor of Split. Trumbić was in favor of moderate reforms in Austro-Hungarian Slavic provinces. That included the unification of Dalmatia with Croatia-Slavonia demanded by the Rijeka Resolution [hr] Trumbić helped draw up.

After the assassination in Sarajevo of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary, Trumbić became the prominent Yugoslav nationalist leader during World War I, and led the Yugoslav Committee that lobbied the Allies to support the creation of an independent Yugoslavia.[1] Trumbić negotiated with Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pašić to have the Kingdom of Serbia support the creation of a Yugoslav state, which was delivered at the Corfu Declaration on 20 July 1917 that advocated the creation of a united state of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes that would be led by the Serbian House of Karađorđević.[1] Trumbić led the Yugoslav Committee delegation at the conference in 1918 that produced the Geneva Declaration.

In 1918, he became foreign minister in the first government of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. At the Versailles conference after World War I, Trumbić had to represent Yugoslav concerns in the face of Italian territorial ambitions in Dalmatia (temporarily settled in 1920, but raised again with Benito Mussolini).

In spite of his support for a united Yugoslavia, Trumbić opposed the 1921 constitution over his belief that it was too centralized and allowed Serb hegemony over Yugoslavia.[1] Trumbić was one of 35 representatives to vote against the constitution amid a wide boycott of the National Assembly by opposition parties.[2] Trumbić grew steadily disillusioned with the Yugoslav government over time which he saw as Serb-dominated.[1] He was elected for the last time in the 1927 elections on the list of the Croatian Bloc representing Zagreb together with Ante Pavelić (1869–1938).

In 1929, claiming to bring an end to the ongoing bickering between the Serbian and the Croatian representatives within the kingdom, King Alexander of Yugoslavia staged a coup d'état and banned all political parties, and removed the individual nationalities Serb and Croat from the bigger picture. He renamed the land Yugoslavia, and abrogated the constitution to establish a royal dictatorship. Trumbić was by now in retirement in Zagreb. King Alexander's division of Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia into oblasts and then into banovinas, countered all previous reforms Trumbić had sought. In a September 1932 interview with The Manchester Guardian Trumbić wondered whether Croatia should separate from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and pursue a union with Austria.[3] In November 1932 Trumbić edited the Zagreb Points, a series of demands put forth by the Peasant-Democratic coalition to counter Serbian hegemony.[4]

With the arrest of Croatian Peasant Party leader Vladko Maček in April 1933 Trumbić and Josip Predavec became the caretaker heads of the party.[5] With Predavec's assassination on 14 July, Trumbić was essentially the head of the party in Maček's absence.

Autochrome by Auguste Léon, 1919

According to Henri Pozzi, Trumbić later regretted the end of Austria-Hungary,[6] as the South Slav state he had helped to create proved incapable of his intended reforms.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Spencer Tucker. Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. pp. 1189.
  2. ^ Sabrina P. Ramet, The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918–2005. Indiana University Press, 2006. (p. 57)
  3. ^ Bernd Jürgen Fischer, Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe. Purdue University Press, 2007. (p. 79)
  4. ^ Ljubomir Antić (2004). "Prvih sto godina Hrvatske seljačke stranke". Hrvatski iseljenički zbornik (in Croatian). Croatian Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
  5. ^ Alex N. Dragnich, The first Yugoslavia: search for a viable political system. Hoover Press, 1983. (p. 95)
  6. ^ Henri Pozzi, Black Hand over Europe (La Guerre Revient...). F. Mott and Co, 1935.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Split
1906–1907 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Foreign Affairs Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
1918–1920 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Croatian Federalist Peasant Party
1926–1929 		Succeeded by
none
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