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Importing Wikidata short description: "1850 shipwreck off Tasmania"
 
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{{Short description|1850 shipwreck off Tasmania}}
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The ''' ''Lady Denison'' ''' was a ship that went missing between [[Adelaide, South Australia|Port Adelaide]] and [[Hobart, Tasmania]] in 1850. At the time there were strong allegations that [[convicts]] being carried on board murdered the other passengers and crew and headed for [[San Francisco]], although all contemporary evidence proves conclusively that ship sank off the far north-western tip of [[Tasmania]].
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes|date=November 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2019}}
}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
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==The ''Lady Denison''==
{{Use Australian English|date=December 2016}}
The ''Lady Denison'' was a [[barque]] of 158 tons, built at [[Port Arthur, Tasmania]] in 1847 and was owned in Hobart by Nathan, Moses & Company. The ship had been built by convict labour as a speculation by the Colonial Government, and had traded extensively around south-eastern [[Australia]] and the [[Pacific]] before being placed in a regular run between Port Adelaide and Hobart.
{| {{Infobox ship begin|display title=ital}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image =
| Ship caption =
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=
| Ship country=United Kingdom
| Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
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| Ship name = ''Lady Denison''
| Ship namesake = Spouse of [[Sir William Thomas Denison|William Denison]]
| Ship owner =Nathan Moses & Co.
| Ship operator =
| Ship ordered =
| Ship builder =
| Ship original cost =
| Ship laid down = Port Arthur, Tasmania
| Ship launched = 1847
| Ship acquired =
| Ship commissioned =
| Ship decommissioned =
| Ship in service =
| Ship out of service =
| Ship renamed =
| Ship struck =
| Ship reinstated =
| Ship honours =
| Ship honors =
| Ship captured =
| Ship fate = Wrecked 1850
| Ship notes =
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header =
| Header caption =
| Ship class =
| Ship tons burthen=158 ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
| Ship length =
| Ship beam =
| Ship draught =
| Ship draft =
| Ship hold depth =
| Ship propulsion =
| Ship sail plan = [[Barque]]
| Ship complement =
| Ship armament =
| Ship notes =
}}
|}
⚫
''' ''Lady Denison'' ''' was launched in 1847 at Port Arthur, Tasmania. She went missing in 1850 while sailing between [[Adelaide, South Australia|Port Adelaide]] and [[Hobart, Tasmania]]. At the time there were strong allegations that [[convicts]] being carried on board murdered the other passengers and crew and headed for [[San Francisco]], but all contemporary evidence supports the assertion that she sank off the far north-western tip of [[Tasmania]].


==Transferring convicts==
==Freighting Convicts==
Although [[South Australia]] prided itself as a colony not founded by [[penal transportation|convict transportation]], locally convicted felons were sent to [[Van Diemens Land]] secured below decks on commercial sailing vessels. The ''Lady Denison'' was engaged in this trade when she sailed from Port Adelaide for Hobart on 17 April 1850 under Captain Hammond with a crew of 12, 16 paying passengers, 11 convicts, and three prison guards. She failed to arrive and dark rumours of her fate spread rapidly. Several months later a large quantity of wreckage positively identified as coming from the vessel was found on the Tasmanian coast north of [[Cape Grim, Tasmania|Cape Grim]]. The anti-transportation press asserted that the convicts had thrown the articles overboard to hide their crime. During the [[Australian gold rush]] there were rumours that at least two of the convicts by the ship had been seen in [[Victoria, Australia]].
[[South Australia]] prided itself as a colony not founded by [[penal transportation|convict transportation]], and felons who found their way there from the convict colonies were deported to [[Van Diemen's Land]], secured below decks on commercial sailing vessels. ''Lady Denison'' was fulfilling such a contract when she sailed from Port Adelaide for Hobart on 17 April 1850 under Captain Edwin Hammond with a crew of 12, 16 paying passengers, 11 convicts, and three prison guards: mounted constable Hill and metropolitan policemen Ward and Freebody.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article207118852 |title=Government Gazette |newspaper=[[The Adelaide Times]] |volume=II |issue=247 |location=South Australia |date=10 September 1850 |accessdate=1 December 2019 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> She failed to arrive and dark rumours of her fate spread rapidly. Several months later a large quantity of wreckage positively identified as coming from the vessel was found on the Tasmanian coast<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article159532026 |title=The "Lady Denison" |newspaper=[[The Adelaide Observer]] |volume=VIII |issue=371 |location=South Australia |date=3 August 1850 |accessdate=1 December 2019 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> south of [[Cape Grim]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71627330 |title=Shipping Intelligence |newspaper=[[The South Australian]] |volume=XIII |issue=1186 |location=South Australia |date=7 October 1850 |accessdate=1 December 2019 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The anti-transportation press asserted that the convicts had thrown the articles overboard to hide their crime. During the [[Australian gold rush]] there were reports that John Byett ''alias'' James Coyle, one of the convicts by the ship had been seen in [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do?key=7366 |title=Australasian Underwater Cultural Heritage Database: ''Lady Denison'' |publisher=Australian Government|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref> and rumours that another had sent letters to Australia from California.


==Analysis==
==Analysis==
The alleged mutiny and massacre of the ''Lady Denison'' was part of the [[Australasian Anti-Transportation League ]]'s campaign against the transportation of convicts to Van Diemens Land, which was largely carried out by means of public rallies and press reports in papers owned by its supporters, all aiming at vilifying the convict population. Similar baseless allegations were made four years later after the ship ''[[Madagascar (ship)|Madagascar]]'' went missing between [[Melbourne]] and [[London]].
The alleged mutiny and massacre on ''Lady Denison'' was part of the [[Australasian Anti-Transportation League]]'s campaign against the transportation of convicts to Van Diemen's Land, which it largely carried out by means of public rallies and press reports in papers owned by its supporters, all aiming at vilifying the convict population. Similar baseless allegations were made four years later after the ship ''[[Madagascar (ship)|Madagascar]]'' went missing between [[Melbourne]] and [[London]].


Weather conditions at the time the ''Lady Denison'' approached the Tasmanian coastline were extreme, two other vessels being lost in [[Bass Strait]] around the time. There is circumstantial evidence that wreckage including bodies were found by [[guano]] gatherers at [[Hunters Island, Tasmania|Hunters Island]] off Tasmania's far north-western tip, the bodies plundered of valuables and disposed of, and the circumstances not reported so their actions were hidden. It is not beyond the realms of possibility that one or more convicts managed to struggle ashore alive, and were assisted to escape.
Weather conditions at the time ''Lady Denison'' approached the Tasmanian coastline were extreme, two other vessels being lost in [[Bass Strait]] around the time. There is circumstantial evidence that wreckage including bodies were found by sealers in the vicinity of [[Arthur River, Tasmania]], the bodies plundered of valuables and disposed of, and the circumstances not reported so their thefts were hidden. In addition, one or more convicts may have managed to struggle ashore alive. James Coyle, in particular, had himself been a convict escapee from Van Diemen's Land, had worked in the Circular Head area, and probably still had friends willing to help him.


==Reference==
==References==
{{reflist}}
⚫
*Broxam, Graeme, (1993) ''Shipwrecks of Tasmania's Wild West Coast'', Navarine Publishing, Canberra, [[ISBN 0-6461638-1-7]] Roebuck Society publication ; no. 44.
⚫
*Villiers, Alan J., (1931) ''Vanished Fleets: Ships and Men of Old Van Diemens Land'', Garden City Publishing Co. Inc., New York.


==Sources==
⚫
*Broxam, Graeme, (1993) ''Shipwrecks of Tasmania's Wild West Coast'', Navarine Publishing, Canberra, {{ISBN|0-646-16381-7}} Roebuck Society publication ; no. 44.
⚫
*Villiers, Alan J., (1931) ''Vanished Fleets: Ships and Men of Old Van Diemens Land'', Garden City Publishing Co. Inc., New York.


{{coord missing|Tasmania}}
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[[Category:Convict ships]]

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[[Category:Shipwrecks on the Australian coast]]
{{1850 shipwrecks}}

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[[Category:Shipwrecks of Tasmania]]
[[Category:Ships built in Port Arthur]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in April 1850]]
[[Category:1850 in Australia]]
[[Category:1788–1850 ships of Australia]]
[[Category:Convict ships to Tasmania]]
[[Category:Barques of Australia]]
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[[Category:1847 ships]]

Latest revision as of 10:03, 20 July 2024

History
United Kingdom
NameLady Denison
NamesakeSpouse of William Denison
OwnerNathan Moses & Co.
Laid downPort Arthur, Tasmania
Launched1847
FateWrecked 1850
General characteristics
Tons burthen158 (bm)
Sail planBarque

Lady Denison was launched in 1847 at Port Arthur, Tasmania. She went missing in 1850 while sailing between Port Adelaide and Hobart, Tasmania. At the time there were strong allegations that convicts being carried on board murdered the other passengers and crew and headed for San Francisco, but all contemporary evidence supports the assertion that she sank off the far north-western tip of Tasmania.

Transferring convicts

[edit]

South Australia prided itself as a colony not founded by convict transportation, and felons who found their way there from the convict colonies were deported to Van Diemen's Land, secured below decks on commercial sailing vessels. Lady Denison was fulfilling such a contract when she sailed from Port Adelaide for Hobart on 17 April 1850 under Captain Edwin Hammond with a crew of 12, 16 paying passengers, 11 convicts, and three prison guards: mounted constable Hill and metropolitan policemen Ward and Freebody.[1] She failed to arrive and dark rumours of her fate spread rapidly. Several months later a large quantity of wreckage positively identified as coming from the vessel was found on the Tasmanian coast[2] south of Cape Grim.[3] The anti-transportation press asserted that the convicts had thrown the articles overboard to hide their crime. During the Australian gold rush there were reports that John Byett alias James Coyle, one of the convicts by the ship had been seen in Victoria[4] and rumours that another had sent letters to Australia from California.

Analysis

[edit]

The alleged mutiny and massacre on Lady Denison was part of the Australasian Anti-Transportation League's campaign against the transportation of convicts to Van Diemen's Land, which it largely carried out by means of public rallies and press reports in papers owned by its supporters, all aiming at vilifying the convict population. Similar baseless allegations were made four years later after the ship Madagascar went missing between Melbourne and London.

Weather conditions at the time Lady Denison approached the Tasmanian coastline were extreme, two other vessels being lost in Bass Strait around the time. There is circumstantial evidence that wreckage including bodies were found by sealers in the vicinity of Arthur River, Tasmania, the bodies plundered of valuables and disposed of, and the circumstances not reported so their thefts were hidden. In addition, one or more convicts may have managed to struggle ashore alive. James Coyle, in particular, had himself been a convict escapee from Van Diemen's Land, had worked in the Circular Head area, and probably still had friends willing to help him.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Government Gazette". The Adelaide Times. Vol. II, no. 247. South Australia. 10 September 1850. p. 4. Retrieved 1 December 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  2. ^ "The "Lady Denison"". The Adelaide Observer. Vol. VIII, no. 371. South Australia. 3 August 1850. p. 2. Retrieved 1 December 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ "Shipping Intelligence". The South Australian. Vol. XIII, no. 1186. South Australia. 7 October 1850. p. 2. Retrieved 1 December 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ^ "Australasian Underwater Cultural Heritage Database: Lady Denison". Australian Government. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

Sources

[edit]
  • Broxam, Graeme, (1993) Shipwrecks of Tasmania's Wild West Coast, Navarine Publishing, Canberra, ISBN 0-646-16381-7 Roebuck Society publication ; no. 44.
  • Villiers, Alan J., (1931) Vanished Fleets: Ships and Men of Old Van Diemens Land, Garden City Publishing Co. Inc., New York.

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