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Plaza Garibaldi is located in monumental downtown, Mexico City, on Eje Central (Lázaro Cárdenas) between historic Calle República de Honduras and Calle República de Peru, a few blocks north of the Palacio de Bellas Artes.^[1] The original name of this plaza was Plaza Santa Cecilia,^[2] but in 1920, at the conclusion of the Mexican Revolution, it was renamed in honor of Lt. Col. Peppino Garibaldi, who joined with the Maderistas in the attack on Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, during the Revolution.^[3] The Garibaldi Metro station is named after this plaza.^[2]

The Plaza is known as Mexico City's home of mariachi music. All throughout the day and night, mariachi bands can be found playing or soliciting gigs from visitors to the Plaza.^[1] The Salón Tenampa, which became the home of mariachi music in Mexico City in the 1920s, is still in business on the north side of the plaza.^[1]^[4] The plaza and the neighborhoods around it are undergoing extensive renovations to halt the decades-long degeneration of the area. The plans include a remodeled plaza and extensive rework of the surrounding buildings and streets plus sidewalks, with the goal of making the area safe for visitors at all times.^[5]^[6] However, as of May, 2013, serious risks remained near the plaza and in the nearby neighborhood of Tepito.^[7]

This area was designated as a "Barrio Mágico" by the city in 2011.^[8]

Mariachi mecca

During the Golden Age of Mexican cinema from the 1930s to the 1950s, a genre of movies called "Charro" became extremely popular. These films featured movie stars such as Tito Guízar, Jorge Negrete, José Alfredo Jiménez and Pedro Infante, who would often sing mariachi songs to their leading ladies.^[2] On one side of Plaza Garibaldi is the Salón Tenampa, which became a major nightspot in the 1920s when Cirilo Marmolejo and his mariachi band started playing there regularly.^[1] Garibaldi Plaza soon attracted other mariachi musicians, who would be paid by gentlemen to sing to their partners in the style of Marmolejo or the Charro movie stars.^[2]

The popularity of Charro movies has waned and Marmolejo died some time ago, but mariachi bands can still be found here day and night.^[1]^[2] These musicians play for the patrons of the bars, nightclubs and pulquerias that still surround the plaza, as well as for passers-by. Mariachi bands also line up on Eje Central in front of the plaza to solicit gigs from passing motorists.^[1]^[2] Over the years other types of bands, such as trios, jarochos (music groups from Veracruz), and even groups playing modern music, have joined the mariachis on the plaza.^[2] The best time to experience the plaza is on a Friday or Saturday night from 11:00 p.m. onwards.^[1] ^[9]

The Salón Tenampa

The Salón Tenampa was founded by Juan Indalecio Hernández Ibarra, originally from Cocula, Jalisco, the birthplace of mariachi. Hernández arrived in Mexico City from Jalisco in 1923 and started a cantina/store on Plaza Garibaldi, naming it El Tenampa. The origin of this name is in dispute. Some say it was the brand name of a Cuban cigar that has since disappeared. Others say it is the name of a ranch in Veracruz and still others say it comes from an indigenous word “tenampal” meaning meeting place.^[4]

Hernández opened the establishment to give his fellow “Jalisquenses” a taste of home, with foods such as birria and pozole, as well as tequila and mariachi music. Soon after opening his establishment, Hernández located a mariachi musician he knew in Cocula, Concho Andrade, and convinced him to play at El Tenampa. This began the long tradition of major mariachi bands playing here. However, Andrade's band did not play here long because of the ongoing Cristero War that was causing problems back in Cocula, causing most of the band to return to Jalisco to their families. In 1927, Hernández hired Cirilo Marmolejo to play along with other mariachi groups. While one group played inside the club, another would play for crowds outside in the Plaza. The popularity of mariachi music grew and other big names in the genre, such as José Reyes, would also come and play at El Tenampa. Over the decades, the establishment hosted kings, princesses, presidents, and prime ministers, as well as innumerable politicians, artists and intellectuals from Mexico and abroad.^[4] Still located on the north side of Garibaldi Plaza, El Tenampa parties every night until 3:00 a.m., 4:00 a.m. on weekends and holidays.^[1]

The older plaza

In 1910, Garibaldi Plaza had a garden in the middle of it. Later, the plaza was completely paved over with a kiosk placed in the center and an arcade placed near the front, by Eje Central.^[3] On either side of the plaza were statues of great Charro singers.^[2] Along with the Salón Tenampa, bars, restaurants and nightclubs have surrounded the Plaza. Other popular nightspots have included the Guadalajara de Noche, the Nuevo México Típico and the Tropicana.^[1] Places to eat include the San Camilito Gastronomic Market, which is filled with small stands serving Mexican food, many specializing in birria.^[10] There is a pulquería here as well, called the Pulquería Hermosa Hortensia. While it is not a traditional pulquería, it is considered to be a safe place for tourists to try the native alcoholic drink of pulque.^[1]

Until 2009, this was the look the plaza had. The kiosk and arcade had witnessed thousands of declarations of love, where couples had mariachi bands serenade them. Others had come to celebrate special occasions, for nights out on the town or to forget about a lost love. Every year on 21 November, the Day of the Music has been celebrated here.^[3]

By 2009, the Plaza and the neighborhoods of Guerrero and Tlatelolco surrounding it had been in decline for decades. Infrastructure had not been maintained or updated, but the most serious deterioration for the area has been in the way of security. The area is well known for thieves, especially on the side streets, indigence and public drunkenness.^[1]^[5] This deterioration has caused many legitimate businesses to leave these neighborhoods and the number of tourists visiting the Plaza itself has greatly declined.^[5]^[6]

360° panoramic view of Plaza Garibaldi in the Historic Center of Mexico City. Mariachi bands are playing their music in front of different kinds of audiences. The photo shows the Plaza Garibaldi as it appeared until 2009. It has since been remodeled and no longer has the kiosk and other traditional street furniture.

The newer plaza

Plan to revitalize Plaza Garibaldi

In spite of the area's serious decline, Plaza Garibaldi remains one of the best-recognized places by foreign visitors in Mexico City.^[5] In 2007, a plan to rescue and revitalize Plaza Garibaldi and the surrounding neighborhoods, called the Programa Integral de Remodelación de la Plaza Garibaldi, was implemented. The plan is part of the ongoing effort to revitalize the historic downtown,^[11] and part of more ambitious plans to revitalize tourism in Zona Rosa and Xochimilco as well.^[6] The goal of the Garibaldi project is to recuperate one of the most “emblematic” or “iconic” places,^[5]^[12] and to restore it as one of the premier nightspots in Mexico City.^[11]

Financing for these projects was solicited from the Mexican federal government (50%), the Mexico City government, and private sources. The project involves fifteen local government agencies and two federal ones.^[10] Of the various revitalization projects relating to tourism in the city, the Garibaldi project has been considered the priority, as it is one of the most important attractions for the city,^[13] and was a site of Bicentennial Celebrations in Mexico City in 2010.^[5] Of the 120 million pesos budgeted for the various projects, 90.6 million is now destined for the Garibaldi area, because monies have been diverted from other projects.^[14]

Remodeling of the plaza itself was expected to cost 24 million pesos.^[13] 30 million pesos had been set aside to buy properties in the neighborhoods adjoining the Plaza, with the remodeling of these properties expected to cost 32.1 million. The entire project was scheduled to be completed in 2010.^[10]^[13]

Security

The first priority of the project has been to improve the security of the Plaza and the surrounding neighborhoods. A “security zone” between La Lagunilla (just east of Plaza Garibaldi), extending west and south to the Palacio de Bellas Artes, has been created so that the area can be visited 24 hours a day.^[6] This area is called the Bellas Artes-Garibaldi Tourism Corridor.^[13] Street lighting is being improved along with the rehabilitation of the gardens and sidewalks of the neighboring streets.^[11]

More police are being stationed here and two permanent police modules, one on Eje Central and the other in the center of Plaza Garibaldi itself, are planned. Security cameras are being installed and traffic flow along Eje Central improved.^[10] To rid the area of indigents and drunks, social workers are being employed to lead people to shelters and/or to job training services as appropriate. When necessary, judicial intervention will occur, according to the city.^[5]^[10] It is hoped that these combined efforts will move “anti-social” elements to other parts of the city, allowing businesses and private investment to return.^[5]^[12] All property owners in the area are being required to invest, co-invest, sell their lands or risk expropriation.^[5]

However, as of May 2013, the area was considered rife with petty thieves and thugs. This impression was confirmed by the murder of Malcolm X's grandson, Malcolm Shabazz, in the early hours of May 9, 2013. Shabazz, 28, and a friend were visiting The Palace Club when an argument ensued after two bar staff said their bill was $1,200. Shabazz was beaten while his friend was threatened and stripped of his belongings. Shabazz was apparently the victim of a common scam: he and his friend were lured into a bar by a young woman, where they bought over-priced drinks, and when presented with an outrageous bill, chose to fight rather than pay.^[7]

Infrastructure

The old kiosk and arcade have been leveled, as well as some of the older buildings on the east side of the plaza, to create more open space.^[3]^[15] An agave garden will be the center of the new Plaza.^[5] Benches, better walkways, lighting and a tourism information booth will be added.^[12] However, most of the remodeling money is going towards the purchase and renovation of the buildings around the plaza, to make them better-suited to commercial and tourism purposes.^[11] The renovation extends to the facades of 32 buildings that face the plaza, as well as infrastructure projects such as water, drainage and cable burial. New pavement and sidewalks are being installed in the neighboring streets of Republica de Perú, San Camilito, Republica de Honduras, Monteros and Amargura. These streets will also get benches, trash receptacles, better lighting and garden spaces.^[12] The goal is to promote new private investment in the area, promoting it as a “Barrio Mágico del Distrito Federal” (Magical Neighborhood of Mexico City) and a Zona de Desarrollo Turístico Sustenable (Sustainable Tourism Development Zone).^[10]

Two showpieces of the project are the Museum of Tequila and Mezcal and a School of Mariachi dedicated to the formal training of mariachi musicians. The goal is to present a better image of the square and the culture it represents to foreign visitors.^[11]

Museum of Tequila and Mezcal

Located just behind the Agave Garden on the Plaza,^[5] the museum is a three-story building with clear glass walls, stone floors, and an area of 220 m2. The architect of the project is Adriana Sepúlveda Vildósola, who is sponsored by the Autoridad de Espacio Público of Mexico City. Offices and other spaces occupy most of the ground floor. The first floor is an open exhibition area and contains most of the museum’s exhibition space.^[16] The purpose of the museum is to show the drinks’ origins, production and wide variety, and their place in the history of Mexico and Mexican cuisine.^[12] The museum also contains a tasting room.^[16] The project has a budget of 30 million pesos.^[14]

The top floor of the museum building is home to a bar with a small performing area, where seasoned solo mariachi singers perform well known Mexican folk songs. The mostly Mexican audiences often sing along with the performers. Although open to the public, it has a genial and inclusive atmosphere.^{[citation needed]}

School of Mariachi

The School of Mariachi, like its predecessor, the School of Mexican Music, which was housed in an old silk factory nearby, trains mariachi musicians with an eye toward keeping the old traditional ways. Many mariachi purists complain that the music has been over-adapted to modern tastes and that many “pirate musicians,” who do not devote themselves to the music full-time, are ruining one of Mexico’s treasured icons. Many also worry that the music’s popularity in other places in the world, especially in the United States, is bringing unwanted changes to the genre.^[17] The School of Mariachi will get a new home in the new Plaza, and will also certify professional mariachi musicians from Mexico and around the world.^[12] The School of Mariachi has a budget of 32.1 million pesos.^[14]

Other attractions

The statues of Mexican music greats such as Pedro Infante, Jorge Negrete, Javier Solís and others are being moved to Republica de Honduras Street. This street will be closed to vehicular traffic and be converted into the Paseo de los Idolos de la Música Mexicana (Boulevard of the Idols of Mexican Music).^[5] The San Camilitio Gastronomic Market will remain, but it will be extensively rehabilitated at a cost of 4.5 million pesos. To further gastronomic development here, the city has proposed a Conservatory of Mexican Cuisine.^[10] They are also working to get gourmet restaurants in other parts of the city to open here as well,^[5] promising to work to promote new restaurants that do open here.^[12]

A lienzo charro for charreada has also been planned for this section of the city, as it is tied to mariachi music.^[18]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Humphrey, Chris (2005). Moon Handbooks:Mexico City. Emeryville, CA: Moon Handbooks. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-1-56691-612-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Galindo, Carmen; Magdalena Galindo (2002). Mexico City Historic Center. Mexico City: Ediciones Nueva Guia. p. 117. ISBN 968-5437-29-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Pantoja, Sara (2008-09-15). "'Borrarán' pórtico y quiosco para aplanar plaza Garibaldi" [Will ‘erase’ the portico and kiosk to flatten Plaza Garibaldi]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rodríguez Chávez, Gerardo (March 2003). "Salon Tenampa Historia" [El Tenampa, History] (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 9 May 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Vicenteño, David (2009-01-22). "Garibaldi: Un icono en regeneración" [Garibaldi:An icon in regeneration]. Excelsior (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved 17 September 2009. ^{[dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gómez Flores, Laura (2008-03-04). "Anuncia Turismo capitalino el rescate de Plaza Garibaldi, Zona Rosa y Xochimilco" [Secretary of Tourism announces rescue of Plaza Garibaldi, Zona Rosa and Xochimilco] (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b Randal C. Archibold (May 16, 2013). "Killing Reveals the Still-Dark Side of a Gentrifying Capital". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
^ Quintanar Hinojosa, Beatriz, ed. (November 2011). "Mexico Desconocido Guia Especial:Barrios Mágicos" [Mexico Desconocido Special Guide:Magical Neighborhoods]. Mexico Desconocido (in Spanish). Mexico City: Impresiones Aereas SA de CV: 5–6. ISSN 1870-9400.
^ Mariachi music was invented in Jalisco state, and it arrived in Mexico City in the first decade of the 20th century, when a band led by Cesáreo Medina was hired to play at a party given by Porfirio Díaz for an official visit by the Secretary of State of the United States, Elihu Root.^[4]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City (2009-09-10). "La Ciudad de México estrenará la Plaza Garibaldi en 2010, con recursos de Sectur federal y del GDF: ARDD" [Mexico City will unveil Plaza Garibaldi in 2010, with resources from the federal government and the city] (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "La Secretaría de Turismo del Distrito Federal convertirá Plaza Garibaldi en un nuevo centro de entretenimiento y cultura" [The Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City will convert Plaza Garibaldi into a new center of entertainment and culture] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido. Retrieved 17 September 2009.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Destinos en México: Plaza Garibaldi: planean su rescate" [Destinations in Mexico:Plaza Garibaldi-Planning its rescue]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico City. 24 November 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Garantizan reestreno de Plaza Garibaldi en 2010" [They guarantee reopening of Plaza Garibaldi in 2010]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico City. Notimex. 11 September 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Privilegian obras en plaza Garibaldi" [Works in Plaza Garibaldi given priority]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. 2009-09-01. Archived from the original on 2012-12-20. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ "Harán museo del tequila en Garibaldi 2007" [They will create the Museum of Tequil in Garibaldi 2007]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico City. 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b Ricardo, Jorge (2009-08-17). "Alistan museo del mezcal". Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. pp. 1, 4. Retrieved 17 September 2009.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Miller Llana, Sara (2006-10-23). "Backstory: This is your father's mariachi". Christian Science Monitor. Boston. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ Martinez, Edith (2008-11-17). "Proyectan lienzo charro para Garibaldi" [Projecting a charreada ring for Garibaldi]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

19°26′28″N 99°08′20″W / 19.441°N 99.139°W / 19.441; -99.139

[moon-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Humphrey, Chris (2005). Moon Handbooks:Mexico City. Emeryville, CA: Moon Handbooks. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-1-56691-612-7.

[historic-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Galindo, Carmen; Magdalena Galindo (2002). Mexico City Historic Center. Mexico City: Ediciones Nueva Guia. p. 117. ISBN 968-5437-29-7.

[borraran-3] Pantoja, Sara (2008-09-15). "'Borrarán' pórtico y quiosco para aplanar plaza Garibaldi" [Will ‘erase’ the portico and kiosk to flatten Plaza Garibaldi]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[tenampa-4] Rodríguez Chávez, Gerardo (March 2003). "Salon Tenampa Historia" [El Tenampa, History] (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 9 May 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[icono-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Vicenteño, David (2009-01-22). "Garibaldi: Un icono en regeneración" [Garibaldi:An icon in regeneration]. Excelsior (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved 17 September 2009. ^{[dead link‍]}

[anuncia-6] Gómez Flores, Laura (2008-03-04). "Anuncia Turismo capitalino el rescate de Plaza Garibaldi, Zona Rosa y Xochimilco" [Secretary of Tourism announces rescue of Plaza Garibaldi, Zona Rosa and Xochimilco] (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[NYT51613-7] Randal C. Archibold (May 16, 2013). "Killing Reveals the Still-Dark Side of a Gentrifying Capital". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2013.

[mexdes-8] Quintanar Hinojosa, Beatriz, ed. (November 2011). "Mexico Desconocido Guia Especial:Barrios Mágicos" [Mexico Desconocido Special Guide:Magical Neighborhoods]. Mexico Desconocido (in Spanish). Mexico City: Impresiones Aereas SA de CV: 5–6. ISSN 1870-9400.

[9] Mariachi music was invented in Jalisco state, and it arrived in Mexico City in the first decade of the 20th century, when a band led by Cesáreo Medina was hired to play at a party given by Porfirio Díaz for an official visit by the Secretary of State of the United States, Elihu Root.^[4]

[secturdf-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City (2009-09-10). "La Ciudad de México estrenará la Plaza Garibaldi en 2010, con recursos de Sectur federal y del GDF: ARDD" [Mexico City will unveil Plaza Garibaldi in 2010, with resources from the federal government and the city] (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[secretaria-11] "La Secretaría de Turismo del Distrito Federal convertirá Plaza Garibaldi en un nuevo centro de entretenimiento y cultura" [The Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City will convert Plaza Garibaldi into a new center of entertainment and culture] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido. Retrieved 17 September 2009.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[planean-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Destinos en México: Plaza Garibaldi: planean su rescate" [Destinations in Mexico:Plaza Garibaldi-Planning its rescue]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico City. 24 November 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[garantizan-13] "Garantizan reestreno de Plaza Garibaldi en 2010" [They guarantee reopening of Plaza Garibaldi in 2010]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico City. Notimex. 11 September 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[privilegian-14] "Privilegian obras en plaza Garibaldi" [Works in Plaza Garibaldi given priority]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. 2009-09-01. Archived from the original on 2012-12-20. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[haran-15] "Harán museo del tequila en Garibaldi 2007" [They will create the Museum of Tequil in Garibaldi 2007]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico City. 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[alistan-16] Ricardo, Jorge (2009-08-17). "Alistan museo del mezcal". Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. pp. 1, 4. Retrieved 17 September 2009.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[miller-17] Miller Llana, Sara (2006-10-23). "Backstory: This is your father's mariachi". Christian Science Monitor. Boston. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

[lienzo-18] Martinez, Edith (2008-11-17). "Proyectan lienzo charro para Garibaldi" [Projecting a charreada ring for Garibaldi]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

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+{{Short description|Public square in Mexico City, Mexico}}
-{{copy edit|for=grammar, cohesion, tone, and general respect for the English language|date=June 2013}}
 [[File:PLAZA EN GARIBALDI.jpg|300px|thumb|Plaza Garibaldi]]
-'''Plaza Garibaldi''' is located in the [[historic center of Mexico City]], on [[Eje Central]] (Lázaro Cárdenas) between historic Calle República de Honduras and Calle República de Peru, a few  blocks north of the [[Palacio de Bellas Artes]].<ref name="moon">{{cite book |title=Moon Handbooks:Mexico City |last=Humphrey |first=Chris |year= 2005|publisher= Moon Handbooks |location=Emeryville, CA |isbn=978-1-56691-612-7 |pages=120–121}}</ref> The original name of this plaza was Plaza Santa Cecilia,<ref name="historic">{{cite book |title=Mexico City Historic Center |last= Galindo |first=Carmen |authorlink= |coauthors=Magdalena Galindo  |year=2002 |publisher=Ediciones Nueva Guia |location=Mexico City |isbn=968-5437-29-7 |page=117  }}</ref> but in 1920, after the Mexican Revolution finished, it was renamed in honor of Lt. Col. [[Giuseppe Garibaldi II|José Garibaldi]], who joined with the [[Francisco I. Madero|Maderistas]] in the attack on [[Casas Grandes, Chihuahua]], during the [[Mexican Revolution]].<ref name="borraran">{{cite news  |first=Sara |last=Pantoja |title= ‘Borrarán’ pórtico y quiosco para aplanar plaza Garibaldi   |trans_title=Will ‘erase’ the portico and kiosk to flatten Plaza Garibaldi |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/ciudad/91883.html |newspaper=El Universal |location=Mexico City |date=2008-09-15 |accessdate=17 September 2009 |language=Spanish }}</ref> The [[Metro Garibaldi|Garibaldi Metro station]] is named after this plaza.<ref name="historic"/>
+'''Plaza Garibaldi''' is located in monumental downtown, Mexico City, on [[Eje Central]] (Lázaro Cárdenas) between historic Calle República de Honduras and Calle República de Peru, a few  blocks north of the [[Palacio de Bellas Artes]].<ref name="moon">{{cite book |title=Moon Handbooks:Mexico City |last=Humphrey |first=Chris |year=2005 |publisher=Moon Handbooks |location=Emeryville, CA |isbn=978-1-56691-612-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/moonhandbooksmex00chri/page/120 120–121] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/moonhandbooksmex00chri/page/120 }}</ref> The original name of this plaza was Plaza Santa Cecilia,<ref name="historic">{{cite book |title=Mexico City Historic Center |last=Galindo |first=Carmen |author2=Magdalena Galindo |year=2002 |publisher=Ediciones Nueva Guia |location=Mexico City |isbn=968-5437-29-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mexicocityhistor0000unse/page/117 117] |url=https://archive.org/details/mexicocityhistor0000unse/page/117 }}</ref> but in 1920, at the conclusion of the [[Mexican Revolution]], it was renamed in honor of Lt. Col. [[Peppino Garibaldi]], who joined with the [[Francisco I. Madero|Maderistas]] in the attack on [[Casas Grandes, Chihuahua]], during the Revolution.<ref name="borraran">{{cite news |first=Sara |last=Pantoja |title='Borrarán' pórtico y quiosco para aplanar plaza Garibaldi |trans-title=Will ‘erase’ the portico and kiosk to flatten Plaza Garibaldi |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/ciudad/91883.html |newspaper=El Universal |location=Mexico City |date=2008-09-15 |access-date=17 September 2009 |language=es |archive-date=2014-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222013750/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/ciudad/91883.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Metro Garibaldi|Garibaldi Metro station]] is named after this plaza.<ref name=historic/>
-The Plaza is best known as the [[Mexico City]] home of [[mariachi]] music. At all hours of the day and night, mariachi bands can be found here playing or soliciting gigs from visitors to the Plaza.<ref name="moon"/> The Salón Tenampa, which became the home of mariachi music in Mexico City in the 1920s, is still in business on the north side of the plaza.<ref name="moon"/><ref name="tenampa">{{cite web |first=Gerardo |last= Rodríguez Chávez |title= Salon Tenampa Historia |url=http://www.salontenampa.com/his.html  |location=Mexico City |trans_title=El Tenampa, History |language=Spanish |date=March 2003 |accessdate=17 September 2009}}</ref> The plaza and the neighborhoods around it are undergoing extensive rehabilitation to halt the decades-long degeneration of the area. Plans include a remodeled plaza and extensive rehabilitation of the surrounding buildings and streets, with the goal of making the area safe for visitors at all times.<ref name="icono">{{cite news  |first=David |last=Vicenteño |title= Garibaldi: Un icono en regeneración |trans_title=Garibaldi:An icon in regeneration |url=http://www.exonline.com.mx/diario/noticia/comunidad/pulsocapitalino/garibaldi:_un_icono_en_regeneracion/481759 |newspaper= Excelsior |location=Mexico City |date=2009-01-22 |accessdate=17 September 2009 |language=Spanish }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name="anuncia">{{cite web |first=Laura |last=Gómez Flores |title= Anuncia Turismo capitalino el rescate de Plaza Garibaldi, Zona Rosa y Xochimilco |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2008/03/04/index.php?section=capital&article=036n1cap |trans_title=Secretary of Tourism announces rescue of Plaza Garibaldi, Zona Rosa and Xochimilco |date=2008-03-04 |language=Spanish |accessdate=17 September 2009}}</ref> However, as of May, 2013, serious risks remained near the plaza and in the nearby neighborhood of [[Tepito#Crime|Tepito]].<ref name = NYT51613 />
+The Plaza is known as Mexico City's home of [[mariachi music]]. All throughout the day and night, mariachi bands can be found playing or soliciting gigs from visitors to the Plaza.<ref name="moon"/> The Salón Tenampa, which became the home of mariachi music in Mexico City in the 1920s, is still in business on the north side of the plaza.<ref name="moon"/><ref name="tenampa">{{cite web |first=Gerardo |last=Rodríguez Chávez |title=Salon Tenampa Historia |url=http://www.salontenampa.com/his.html |location=Mexico City |trans-title=El Tenampa, History |language=es |date=March 2003 |access-date=17 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509055508/http://www.salontenampa.com/his.html |archive-date=9 May 2010 }}</ref> The plaza and the neighborhoods around it are undergoing extensive renovations to halt the decades-long degeneration of the area. The plans include a remodeled plaza and extensive rework of the surrounding buildings and streets plus sidewalks, with the goal of making the area safe for visitors at all times.<ref name="icono">{{cite news  |first=David |last=Vicenteño |title= Garibaldi: Un icono en regeneración |trans-title=Garibaldi:An icon in regeneration |url=http://www.exonline.com.mx/diario/noticia/comunidad/pulsocapitalino/garibaldi:_un_icono_en_regeneracion/481759 |newspaper= Excelsior |location=Mexico City |date=2009-01-22 |access-date=17 September 2009 |language=es }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name="anuncia">{{cite web |first=Laura |last=Gómez Flores |title= Anuncia Turismo capitalino el rescate de Plaza Garibaldi, Zona Rosa y Xochimilco |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2008/03/04/index.php?section=capital&article=036n1cap |trans-title=Secretary of Tourism announces rescue of Plaza Garibaldi, Zona Rosa and Xochimilco |date=2008-03-04 |language=es |access-date=17 September 2009}}</ref> However, as of May, 2013, serious risks remained near the plaza and in the nearby neighborhood of [[Tepito#Crime|Tepito]].<ref name = NYT51613 />
-This area was designated as a [[Barrios Mágicos of Mexico City|"Barrio Mágico"]] by the city in 2011.<ref name="mexdes">{{cite journal |date=November 2011 |title=Mexico Desconocido Guia Especial:Barrios Mágicos |trans_title=Mexico Desconocido Special Guide:Magical Neighborhoods |journal=Mexico Desconocido |pages=5–6 |location=Mexico City |publisher=Impresiones Aereas SA de CV |editor1-first=Beatriz  |editor1-last=Quintanar Hinojosa |language=Spanish |issn=1870-9400 }}</ref>
+This area was designated as a [[Barrios Mágicos of Mexico City|"Barrio Mágico"]] by the city in 2011.<ref name="mexdes">{{cite journal |date=November 2011 |title=Mexico Desconocido Guia Especial:Barrios Mágicos |trans-title=Mexico Desconocido Special Guide:Magical Neighborhoods |journal=Mexico Desconocido |pages=5–6 |location=Mexico City |publisher=Impresiones Aereas SA de CV |editor1-first=Beatriz  |editor1-last=Quintanar Hinojosa |language=es |issn=1870-9400 }}</ref>
-==Mariachi Mecca==
+==Mariachi mecca==
 [[File:MONUMENTO AL MARIACHI EN LA PLAZA GARIBALDI.jpg|thumb|Monument to mariachi]]
-During the [Golden Age of Mexican cinema] from the 30's to the 50's, a genre of movies called “[[Charro]]” became extremely popular. These movies featured stars such as [[Tito Guízar]], [[Jorge Negrete]], [[José Alfredo Jiménez]] and [[Pedro Infante]], who would often sing mariachi songs to their leading ladies.<ref name="historic"/> On one side of Plaza Garibaldi is the Salón Tenampa, which became a major nightspot in the 1920s when [[Cirilo Marmolejo]] and his mariachi band started playing there regularly.<ref name="moon"/> Garibaldi Plaza soon attracted other mariachi musicians, who would be paid by gentlemen to sing to their partners in the style of Marmolejo or the Charro movie stars.<ref name="historic"/>
+During the Golden Age of Mexican cinema from the 1930s to the 1950s, a genre of movies called "[[Charro]]" became extremely popular. These films featured movie stars such as [[Tito Guízar]], [[Jorge Negrete]], [[José Alfredo Jiménez]] and [[Pedro Infante]], who would often sing [[mariachi]] songs to their leading ladies.<ref name="historic"/> On one side of Plaza Garibaldi is the Salón Tenampa, which became a major nightspot in the 1920s when [[Cirilo Marmolejo]] and his mariachi band started playing there regularly.<ref name="moon"/> Garibaldi Plaza soon attracted other mariachi musicians, who would be paid by gentlemen to sing to their partners in the style of Marmolejo or the Charro movie stars.<ref name="historic"/>
 The popularity of Charro movies has waned and Marmolejo died some time ago, but mariachi bands can still be found here day and night.<ref name="moon"/><ref name="historic"/> These musicians play for the patrons of the bars, nightclubs and [[pulqueria]]s that still surround the plaza, as well as for passers-by. Mariachi bands also line up on Eje Central in front of the plaza to solicit gigs from passing motorists.<ref name="moon"/><ref name="historic"/> Over the years other types of bands, such as trios, [[jarocho]]s (music groups from [[Veracruz]]), and even groups playing modern music, have joined the mariachis on the plaza.<ref name="historic"/> The best time to experience the plaza is on a Friday or Saturday night from 11:00 p.m. onwards.<ref name="moon"/>
+{{#tag:ref |
+Mariachi music was invented in [[Jalisco]] state, and it arrived in Mexico City in the first decade of the 20th century, when a band led by [[Cesáreo Medina]] was hired to play at a party given by [[Porfirio Díaz]] for an official visit by the Secretary of State of the United States, [[Elihu Root]].<ref name="tenampa"/>
+}}
 ==The Salón Tenampa==
-Mariachi music was invented in [[Jalisco]] state and it arrived in Mexico City in the first decade of the 20th century, when a band led by [[Cesáreo Medina]] was hired to play at a party given by [[Porfirio Díaz]] for an official visit by the Secretary of State of the United States, [[Elihu Root]].<ref name="tenampa"/>
 The Salón Tenampa was founded by Juan Indalecio Hernández Ibarra, originally from [[Cocula, Jalisco]], the birthplace of mariachi. Hernández arrived in Mexico City from Jalisco in 1923 and started a [[cantina]]/store on Plaza Garibaldi, naming it El Tenampa. The origin of this name is in dispute. Some say it was the brand name of a [[Cuba]]n cigar that has since disappeared. Others say it is the name of a ranch in Veracruz and still others say it comes from an indigenous word “tenampal” meaning meeting place.<ref name="tenampa"/>
-Hernández opened the establishment to give his fellow “Jalisquenses” a taste of home, with foods such as [[birria]], [[pozole]] as well as [[tequila]] and mariachi music. Soon after opening his establishment, Hernández located a mariachi musician he knew in Cocula, [[Concho Andrade]], and convinced him to play at El Tenampa. This began the long tradition of major mariachi bands playing here. However, Andrade's band did not play here long because of the ongoing [[Cristero War]] that was causing problems back in Cocula, causing most of the band to return to Jalisco to their families. In 1927, Hernández hired Cirilo Marmolejo to play along with other mariachi groups. While one group played inside the club, another would play for crowds outside in the Plaza. The popularity of mariachi music grew and other big names in the genre, such as [[José Reyes (musician)|José Reyes]], would also come and play at El Tenampa. Over the decades, the establishment hosted kings, princesses, presidents, and prime ministers, as well as innumerable politicians, artists and intellectuals from Mexico and abroad.<ref name="tenampa"/> Still located on the north side of Garibaldi Plaza, El Tenampa parties every night until 3:00 a.m., 4:00 a.m. on weekends and holidays.<ref name="moon"/>
+Hernández opened the establishment to give his fellow “Jalisquenses” a taste of home, with foods such as [[birria]] and [[pozole]], as well as [[tequila]] and mariachi music. Soon after opening his establishment, Hernández located a mariachi musician he knew in Cocula, [[Concho Andrade]], and convinced him to play at El Tenampa. This began the long tradition of major mariachi bands playing here. However, Andrade's band did not play here long because of the ongoing [[Cristero War]] that was causing problems back in Cocula, causing most of the band to return to Jalisco to their families. In 1927, Hernández hired Cirilo Marmolejo to play along with other mariachi groups. While one group played inside the club, another would play for crowds outside in the Plaza. The popularity of mariachi music grew and other big names in the genre, such as [[José Reyes (musician)|José Reyes]], would also come and play at El Tenampa. Over the decades, the establishment hosted kings, princesses, presidents, and prime ministers, as well as innumerable politicians, artists and intellectuals from Mexico and abroad.<ref name="tenampa"/> Still located on the north side of Garibaldi Plaza, El Tenampa parties every night until 3:00 a.m., 4:00 a.m. on weekends and holidays.<ref name="moon"/>
-==The “old” plaza==
+==The older plaza==
-In 1910, Garibaldi Plaza had a garden in the middle of it. Later, the plaza was completely paved over with a [[kiosk]] placed in the center and an [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] placed near the front, by Eje Central.<ref name="borraran"/> On either side of the plaza were statues of great Charro singers.<ref name="historic"/> Along with the Salón Tenampa, bars, restaurants and nightclubs have surrounded the Plaza. Other popular nightspots have included the Guadalajara de Noche, the Nuevo México Típico and the Tropicana.<ref name="moon"/> Places to eat include the San Camilito Gastronomic Market, which is filled with small stands serving Mexican food, many specializing in birria.<ref name="secturdf">{{cite web |author=Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City |title= La Ciudad de México estrenará la Plaza Garibaldi en 2010, con recursos de Sectur federal y del GDF: ARDD |url=http://mexicocity.gob.mx/contenidos.php?cat=41400&sub=177  |location=Mexico City |trans_title=Mexico City will unveil Plaza Garibaldi in 2010, with resources from the federal government and the city |language=Spanish |date=2009-09-10 |accessdate=17 September 2009}}</ref> There is a pulquería here as well, called the Pulquería Hermosa Hortensia. While it is not a traditional pulquería, it is considered to be a safe place for tourists to try the native alcoholic drink of [[pulque]].<ref name="moon"/>
+In 1910, Garibaldi Plaza had a garden in the middle of it. Later, the plaza was completely paved over with a [[kiosk]] placed in the center and an [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] placed near the front, by Eje Central.<ref name="borraran"/> On either side of the plaza were statues of great Charro singers.<ref name="historic"/> Along with the Salón Tenampa, bars, restaurants and nightclubs have surrounded the Plaza. Other popular nightspots have included the Guadalajara de Noche, the Nuevo México Típico and the Tropicana.<ref name="moon"/> Places to eat include the San Camilito Gastronomic Market, which is filled with small stands serving Mexican food, many specializing in birria.<ref name="secturdf">{{cite web |author=Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City |title=La Ciudad de México estrenará la Plaza Garibaldi en 2010, con recursos de Sectur federal y del GDF: ARDD |url=http://mexicocity.gob.mx/contenidos.php?cat=41400&sub=177 |location=Mexico City |trans-title=Mexico City will unveil Plaza Garibaldi in 2010, with resources from the federal government and the city |language=es |date=2009-09-10 |access-date=17 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225320/http://mexicocity.gob.mx/contenidos.php?cat=41400&sub=177 |archive-date=22 July 2011 }}</ref> There is a pulquería here as well, called the Pulquería Hermosa Hortensia. While it is not a traditional pulquería, it is considered to be a safe place for tourists to try the native alcoholic drink of [[pulque]].<ref name="moon"/>
 Until 2009, this was the look the plaza had. The kiosk and arcade had witnessed thousands of declarations of love, where couples had mariachi bands serenade them. Others had come to celebrate special occasions, for nights out on the town or to forget about a lost love. Every year on 21 November, the Day of the Music has been celebrated here.<ref name="borraran"/>
@@ Line 31: / Line 32: @@
 By 2009, the Plaza and the neighborhoods of Guerrero and Tlatelolco surrounding it had been in decline for decades. Infrastructure had not been maintained or updated, but the most serious deterioration for the area has been in the way of security. The area is well known for thieves, especially on the side streets, indigence and public drunkenness.<ref name="moon"/><ref name="icono"/> This deterioration has caused many legitimate businesses to leave these neighborhoods and the number of tourists visiting the Plaza itself has greatly declined.<ref name="icono"/><ref name="anuncia"/>
-{{wide image|360° Panorama Plaza Garibaldi Mexico City.jpg|980px|360° panoramic view of Plaza Garibaldi in the [[Historic Center of Mexico City]]. Mariachi bands are playing their music in front of different kinds of audiences. The photo shows the Plaza Garibaldi as it appeared until 2009. It has since been remodeled and no longer has the kiosk and other traditional street furniture.}}
+{{wide image|360° Panorama Plaza Garibaldi Mexico City.jpg|550px|360° panoramic view of Plaza Garibaldi in the [[Historic Center of Mexico City]]. Mariachi bands are playing their music in front of different kinds of audiences. The photo shows the Plaza Garibaldi as it appeared until 2009. It has since been remodeled and no longer has the kiosk and other traditional street furniture.}}
-==The “new” plaza==
+==The newer plaza==
 ===Plan to revitalize Plaza Garibaldi===
+[[File:Homenaje popular a Juan Gabriel en la Plaza Garibaldi, Ciudad de México - 2.jpg|thumb |People congregated at [[Juan Gabriel]] sculpture paying tribute on the day of his death. Plaza Garibaldi, Mexico City.]]
+In spite of the area's serious decline, Plaza Garibaldi remains one of the best-recognized places by foreign visitors in Mexico City.<ref name="icono"/> In 2007, a plan to rescue and revitalize Plaza Garibaldi and the surrounding neighborhoods, called the Programa Integral de Remodelación de la Plaza Garibaldi, was implemented. The plan is part of the ongoing effort to revitalize the historic downtown,<ref name="secretaria">{{cite web |title=La Secretaría de Turismo del Distrito Federal convertirá Plaza Garibaldi en un nuevo centro de entretenimiento y cultura |url=http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/notas/15974-La-Secretar%EDa-de-Turismo-del-Distrito-Federal-convertir%E1-Plaza-Garibaldi-en-un-nuevo-centro-de-entretenimiento-y-cultura |publisher=Mexico Desconocido |location=Mexico City |trans-title=The Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City will convert Plaza Garibaldi into a new center of entertainment and culture |language=es |access-date=17 September 2009 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and part of more ambitious plans to revitalize tourism in [[Zona Rosa (Mexico)|Zona Rosa]] and [[Xochimilco]] as well.<ref name="anuncia"/> The goal of the Garibaldi project is to recuperate one of the most “emblematic” or “iconic” places,<ref name="icono"/><ref name="planean">{{cite news  |title= Destinos en México: Plaza Garibaldi: planean su rescate  |trans-title=Destinations in Mexico:Plaza Garibaldi-Planning its rescue |url=http://www.terra.com.mx/articulo.aspx?articuloId=758052 |newspaper=Terra |location=Mexico City |date=24 November 2008 |access-date=17 September 2009 |language=es }}</ref> and to restore it as one of the premier nightspots in Mexico City.<ref name="secretaria"/>
-In spite of the area’s serious decline, Plaza Garibaldi remains one of the best-recognized places by foreign visitors in Mexico City.<ref name="icono"/> In 2007, a plan to rescue and revitalize Plaza Garibaldi and the surrounding neighborhoods, called the Programa Integral de Remodelación de la Plaza Garibaldi, was made concrete. The plan is part of the ongoing effort to revitalize the historic downtown,<ref name="secretaria">{{cite web |title= La Secretaría de Turismo del Distrito Federal convertirá Plaza Garibaldi en un nuevo centro de entretenimiento y cultura |url=http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/notas/15974-La-Secretar%EDa-de-Turismo-del-Distrito-Federal-convertir%E1-Plaza-Garibaldi-en-un-nuevo-centro-de-entretenimiento-y-cultura |publisher=Mexico Desconocido |location=Mexico City |trans_title=The Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City will convert Plaza Garibaldi into a new center of entertainment and culture |language=Spanish |accessdate=17 September 2009}}</ref> and part of more ambitious plans to revitalize tourism in [[Zona Rosa (Mexico)|Zona Rosa]] and [[Xochimilco]] as well.<ref name="anuncia"/> The goal of the Garibaldi project is to recuperate one of the most “emblematic” or “iconic” places,<ref name="icono"/><ref name="planean">{{cite news  |title= Destinos en México: Plaza Garibaldi: planean su rescate  |trans_title=Destinations in Mexico:Plaza Garibaldi-Planning its rescue |url=http://www.terra.com.mx/articulo.aspx?articuloId=758052 |newspaper=Terra |location=Mexico City |date=24 November 2008 |accessdate=17 September 2009 |language=Spanish }}</ref> and to restore it as one the premier nightspots in Mexico City.<ref name="secretaria"/>
+Financing for these projects was solicited from the Mexican federal government (50%), the Mexico City government, and private sources. The project involves fifteen local government agencies and two federal ones.<ref name="secturdf"/> Of the various revitalization projects relating to tourism in the city, the Garibaldi project has been considered the priority, as it is one of the most important attractions for the city,<ref name="garantizan">{{cite news  |title= Garantizan reestreno de Plaza Garibaldi en 2010  |trans-title=They guarantee reopening of Plaza Garibaldi in 2010 |url=http://www.terra.com.mx/articulo.aspx?articuloId=873606 |agency=Notimex |newspaper=Terra |location=Mexico City |date=11 September 2009 |access-date=17 September 2009 |language=es }}</ref> and was a site of [[Celebration of Mexican political anniversaries in 2010|Bicentennial Celebrations in Mexico City in 2010]].<ref name="icono"/> Of the 120 million pesos budgeted for the various projects, 90.6 million is now destined for the Garibaldi area, because monies have been diverted from other projects.<ref name="privilegian">{{cite news  |title= Privilegian obras en plaza Garibaldi   |trans-title=Works in Plaza Garibaldi given priority |url=http://ciudadanosenred.org.mx/metroaldia.php?cont=1&info=9415 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121220000039/http://ciudadanosenred.org.mx/metroaldia.php?cont=1&info=9415 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-12-20 |newspaper=El Universal |location=Mexico City |date=2009-09-01 |access-date=17 September 2009 |language=es }} </ref>
+Remodeling of the plaza itself was expected to cost 24 million pesos.<ref name="garantizan"/> 30 million pesos had been set aside to buy properties in the neighborhoods adjoining the Plaza, with the remodeling of these properties expected to cost 32.1 million. The entire project was scheduled to be completed in 2010.<ref name="secturdf"/><ref name="garantizan"/>
-Financing for these projects was solicited from the federal government (50%), the Mexico City government, and private sources. The project involves fifteen local government agencies and two federal ones.<ref name="secturdf"/> Of the various revitalization projects relating to tourism in the city, the Garibaldi project is considered the priority, as it is one of the most important attractions for the city,<ref name="garantizan">{{cite news  |title= Garantizan reestreno de Plaza Garibaldi en 2010  |trans_title=They guarantee reopening of Plaza Garibaldi in 2010 |url=http://www.terra.com.mx/articulo.aspx?articuloId=873606 |agency=Notimex |newspaper=Terra |location=Mexico City |date=11 September 2009 |accessdate=17 September 2009 |language=Spanish }}</ref> and was a site of [[Celebration of Mexican political anniversaries in 2010|Bicentennial Celebrations in Mexico City in 2010]].<ref name="icono"/> Of the 120 million pesos budgeted for the various projects, 90.6 million is now destined for Garibaldi, because monies have been diverted from other projects.<ref name="privilegian">{{cite news  |title= Privilegian obras en plaza Garibaldi   |trans_title=Works in Plaza Garibaldi given priority |url=http://ciudadanosenred.org.mx/metroaldia.php?cont=1&info=9415 |newspaper=El Universal |location=Mexico City |date=2009-09-01 |accessdate=17 September 2009 |language=Spanish }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
-Remodeling of the plaza itself is expected to cost 24 million pesos.<ref name="garantizan"/> 30 million pesos have been set aside to buy properties in the neighborhoods adjoining the Plaza, with the remodeling of these properties expected to cost 32.1 million. The entire project was scheduled to be completed in 2010.<ref name="secturdf"/><ref name="garantizan"/>
 ===Security===
-The first priority of the project is to improve the security of the Plaza and the surrounding neighborhoods. A “security zone” between [[Metro Lagunilla|La Lagunilla]] (just east of Plaza Garibaldi), extending west and south to the Palacio de Bellas Artes, is being created so that the area can be visited 24 hours a day.<ref name="anuncia"/> This area is called the Bellas Artes-Garibaldi Tourism Corridor.<ref name="garantizan"/> Street lighting is being improved along with the rehabilitation of the gardens and sidewalks of the neighboring streets.<ref name="secretaria"/>
+The first priority of the project has been to improve the security of the Plaza and the surrounding neighborhoods. A “security zone” between [[Metro Lagunilla|La Lagunilla]] (just east of Plaza Garibaldi), extending west and south to the Palacio de Bellas Artes, has been created so that the area can be visited 24 hours a day.<ref name="anuncia"/> This area is called the Bellas Artes-Garibaldi Tourism Corridor.<ref name="garantizan"/> Street lighting is being improved along with the rehabilitation of the gardens and sidewalks of the neighboring streets.<ref name="secretaria"/>
 More police are being stationed here and two permanent police modules, one on Eje Central and the other in the center of Plaza Garibaldi itself, are planned. Security cameras are being installed and traffic flow along Eje Central improved.<ref name="secturdf"/> To rid the area of indigents and drunks, social workers are being employed to lead people to shelters and/or to job training services as appropriate. When necessary, judicial intervention will occur, according to the city.<ref name="icono"/><ref name="secturdf"/> It is hoped that these combined efforts will move “anti-social” elements to other parts of the city, allowing businesses and private investment to return.<ref name="icono"/><ref name="planean"/> All property owners in the area are being required to invest, co-invest, sell their lands or risk expropriation.<ref name="icono"/>
-However, as of May 2013, the area was considered rife with petty thieves and thugs.  This impression was confirmed by the murder of [[Malcolm X]]'s grandson, [[Malcolm Shabazz]], in the early hours of May 9, 2013.  Shabazz, 28, and a friend were visiting The Palace Club when an argument ensued after two bar staff said their bill was $1,200. Shabazz was beaten while his friend was threatened and stripped of his belongings. Shabazz was apparently the victim of a common scam: he and his friend were lured into a bar by a young woman, where they bought drinks, and when presented with an outrageous bill, chose to fight rather than pay.<ref name=NYT51613>{{cite news|title=Killing Reveals the Still-Dark Side of a Gentrifying Capital|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/17/world/americas/murder-of-malcolm-xs-grandson-shows-dark-side-of-gentrifying-town.html|accessdate=May 17, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 16, 2013|author=Randal C. Archibold}}</ref>
+However, as of May 2013, the area was considered rife with petty thieves and thugs. This impression was confirmed by the murder of [[Malcolm X]]'s grandson, [[Malcolm Shabazz]], in the early hours of May 9, 2013. Shabazz, 28, and a friend were visiting The Palace Club when an argument ensued after two bar staff said their bill was $1,200. Shabazz was beaten while his friend was threatened and stripped of his belongings. Shabazz was apparently the victim of a common scam: he and his friend were lured into a bar by a young woman, where they bought over-priced drinks, and when presented with an outrageous bill, chose to fight rather than pay.<ref name=NYT51613>{{cite news|title=Killing Reveals the Still-Dark Side of a Gentrifying Capital|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/17/world/americas/murder-of-malcolm-xs-grandson-shows-dark-side-of-gentrifying-town.html|access-date=May 17, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 16, 2013|author=Randal C. Archibold}}</ref>
 ===Infrastructure===
-The old [[kiosk]] and arcade have been leveled, as well as some of the older buildings on the east side of the plaza, to create more open space.<ref name="borraran"/><ref name="haran">{{cite news  |title= Harán museo del tequila en Garibaldi 2007   |trans_title=They will create the Museum of Tequil in Garibaldi 2007 |url=http://www.terra.com.co/turismo/articulo/html/tus777-haran-museo-del-tequila-en-garibaldi.htm |newspaper=Terra |location=Mexico City |year=2007 |accessdate=17 September 2009 |language=Spanish }}</ref> An [[agave]] garden will be the center of the new Plaza.<ref name="icono"/> Benches, better walkways, lighting and a tourism information booth will be added.<ref name="planean"/> However, most of the remodeling money is going towards the purchase and renovation of the buildings around the plaza, to make them better suited to commercial and tourism purposes.<ref name="secretaria"/> The renovation extends to the [[facade]]s of 32 buildings that face the plaza, as well as infrastructure projects such as water, drainage and cable burial. New pavement and sidewalks are being installed in the neighboring streets of Republica de Perú, San Camilito, Republica de Honduras, Monteros and Amargura. These streets will also get benches, trash receptacles, better lighting and garden spaces.<ref name="planean"/> The goal is to promote new private investment in the area, promoting it as a “Barrio Mágico del Distrito Federal” (Magical Neighborhood of Mexico City) and a Zona de Desarrollo Turístico Sustenable (Sustainable Tourism Development Zone).<ref name="secturdf"/>
+The old [[kiosk]] and arcade have been leveled, as well as some of the older buildings on the east side of the plaza, to create more open space.<ref name="borraran"/><ref name="haran">{{cite news  |title= Harán museo del tequila en Garibaldi 2007   |trans-title=They will create the Museum of Tequil in Garibaldi 2007 |url=http://www.terra.com.co/turismo/articulo/html/tus777-haran-museo-del-tequila-en-garibaldi.htm |newspaper=Terra |location=Mexico City |year=2007 |access-date=17 September 2009 |language=es }}</ref> An [[agave]] garden will be the center of the new Plaza.<ref name="icono"/> Benches, better walkways, lighting and a tourism information booth will be added.<ref name="planean"/> However, most of the remodeling money is going towards the purchase and renovation of the buildings around the plaza, to make them better-suited to commercial and tourism purposes.<ref name="secretaria"/> The renovation extends to the [[facade]]s of 32 buildings that face the plaza, as well as infrastructure projects such as water, drainage and cable burial. New pavement and sidewalks are being installed in the neighboring streets of Republica de Perú, San Camilito, Republica de Honduras, Monteros and Amargura. These streets will also get benches, trash receptacles, better lighting and garden spaces.<ref name="planean"/> The goal is to promote new private investment in the area, promoting it as a “Barrio Mágico del Distrito Federal” (Magical Neighborhood of Mexico City) and a Zona de Desarrollo Turístico Sustenable (Sustainable Tourism Development Zone).<ref name="secturdf"/>
 Two showpieces of the project are the Museum of Tequila and Mezcal and a School of Mariachi dedicated to the formal training of mariachi musicians. The goal is to present a better image of the square and the culture it represents to foreign visitors.<ref name="secretaria"/>
@@ Line 58: / Line 60: @@
 ===Museum of Tequila and Mezcal===
-Located just behind the Agave Garden on the Plaza,<ref name="icono"/> the museum is a three-story building with clear glass walls, stone floors, and an area of 220 m2. The architect of the project is Adriana Sepúlveda Vildósola, who is sponsored by the Autoridad de Espacio Público of Mexico City. Offices and other spaces occupy most of the ground floor. The first floor is an open exhibition area and contains most of the museum’s exhibition space.<ref name="alistan">{{cite news  |first=Jorge |last=Ricardo |title= Alistan museo del mezcal |trans_title= |url= http://201.163.145.133/buscanotasnt/clip.html?clave=9701176&imagen=17082009053701.pdf&idb |newspaper= Reforma |location=Mexico City |pages=1, 4 |date=2009-08-17 |accessdate=17 September 2009 |language=Spanish }}</ref> The purpose of the museum is to show the drinks’ origins, production and wide variety, and their place in the history of Mexico and Mexican cuisine.<ref name="planean"/> The museum also contains a tasting room.<ref name="alistan"/> The project has a budget of 30 million pesos.<ref name="privilegian"/>
+Located just behind the Agave Garden on the Plaza,<ref name="icono"/> the museum is a three-story building with clear glass walls, stone floors, and an area of 220 m2. The architect of the project is Adriana Sepúlveda Vildósola, who is sponsored by the Autoridad de Espacio Público of Mexico City. Offices and other spaces occupy most of the ground floor. The first floor is an open exhibition area and contains most of the museum’s exhibition space.<ref name="alistan">{{cite news|first=Jorge |last=Ricardo |title=Alistan museo del mezcal |url=http://201.163.145.133/buscanotasnt/clip.html?clave=9701176&imagen=17082009053701.pdf&idb |newspaper=Reforma |location=Mexico City |pages=1, 4 |date=2009-08-17 |access-date=17 September 2009 |language=es }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The purpose of the museum is to show the drinks’ origins, production and wide variety, and their place in the history of Mexico and Mexican cuisine.<ref name="planean"/> The museum also contains a tasting room.<ref name="alistan"/> The project has a budget of 30 million pesos.<ref name="privilegian"/>
-The top floor of the museum building is home to a bar with a small performing area, where seasoned solo mariachi singers perform well known Mexican folk songs.  The mostly Mexican audiences often sing along with the performers.  Although open to the public, it has a genial and inclusive atmosphere.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}
+The top floor of the museum building is home to a bar with a small performing area, where seasoned solo mariachi singers perform well known Mexican folk songs. The mostly Mexican audiences often sing along with the performers.  Although open to the public, it has a genial and inclusive atmosphere.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}
 ===School of Mariachi===
-The School of Mariachi, like its predecessor, the School of Mexican Music, which was housed in an old silk factory nearby, trains mariachi musicians with an eye toward keeping the old traditional ways. Many mariachi purists complain that the music has been over-adapted to modern tastes and that many “pirate musicians,” who do not devote themselves to the music full-time, are ruining one of Mexico’s treasured icons. Many also worry that the music’s popularity in other places in the world, especially in the United States, is bringing unwanted changes to the genre.<ref name="miller">{{cite news  |first=Sara |last=Miller Llana |title= Backstory: This is your father's mariachi |trans_title= |url= http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1023/p20s01-almp.html |newspaper= Christian Science Monitor |location=Boston |date=2006-10-23 |accessdate=17 September 2009 }}</ref> The School of Mariachi will get a new home in the new Plaza, and will also certify professional mariachi musicians from Mexico and around the world.<ref name="planean"/> The School of Mariachi has a budget of 32.1 million pesos.<ref name="privilegian"/>
+The School of Mariachi, like its predecessor, the School of Mexican Music, which was housed in an old silk factory nearby, trains mariachi musicians with an eye toward keeping the old traditional ways. Many mariachi purists complain that the music has been over-adapted to modern tastes and that many “pirate musicians,” who do not devote themselves to the music full-time, are ruining one of Mexico’s treasured icons. Many also worry that the music’s popularity in other places in the world, especially in the United States, is bringing unwanted changes to the genre.<ref name="miller">{{cite news  |first=Sara |last=Miller Llana |title= Backstory: This is your father's mariachi |url= http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1023/p20s01-almp.html |newspaper= Christian Science Monitor |location=Boston |date=2006-10-23 |access-date=17 September 2009 }}</ref> The School of Mariachi will get a new home in the new Plaza, and will also certify professional mariachi musicians from Mexico and around the world.<ref name="planean"/> The School of Mariachi has a budget of 32.1 million pesos.<ref name="privilegian"/>
 ===Other attractions===
@@ Line 70: / Line 72: @@
 The statues of Mexican music greats such as Pedro Infante, Jorge Negrete, Javier Solís and others are being moved to Republica de Honduras Street. This street will be closed to vehicular traffic and be converted into the Paseo de los Idolos de la Música Mexicana (Boulevard of the Idols of Mexican Music).<ref name="icono"/> The San Camilitio Gastronomic Market will remain, but it will be extensively rehabilitated at a cost of 4.5 million pesos. To further gastronomic development here, the city has proposed a Conservatory of Mexican Cuisine.<ref name="secturdf"/> They are also working to get gourmet restaurants in other parts of the city to open here as well,<ref name="icono"/> promising to work to promote new restaurants that do open here.<ref name="planean"/>
-A [[lienzo charro]] for [[charreada]] has also been planned for this section of the city, as it is tied to mariachi music.<ref name="lienzo">{{cite news  |first=Edith |last=Martinez |title= Proyectan lienzo charro para Garibaldi |trans_title=Projecting a charreada ring for Garibaldi |url= http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/ciudad/92772_old.html |newspaper= El Universal |location=Mexico City |date=2008-11-17 |language=Spanish |accessdate=17 September 2009 }}</ref>
+A [[lienzo charro]] for [[charreada]] has also been planned for this section of the city, as it is tied to mariachi music.<ref name="lienzo">{{cite news |first=Edith |last=Martinez |title=Proyectan lienzo charro para Garibaldi |trans-title=Projecting a charreada ring for Garibaldi |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/ciudad/92772_old.html |newspaper=El Universal |location=Mexico City |date=2008-11-17 |language=es |access-date=17 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606044634/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/ciudad/92772_old.html |archive-date=6 June 2011 }}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 78: / Line 80: @@
 {{Historic buildings of Mexico City Centro}}
-[[Category:Mexican culture]]
-[[Category:Mexican music]]
-[[Category:Plazas in Mexico City]]
 [[Category:Music venues in Mexico]]
+[[Category:Plazas in Mexico City]]
+[[Category:Historic center of Mexico City]]

v t e Historic center of Mexico City
Zócalo and immediate vicinity	Administrative buildings Metropolitan Cathedral Cruz de Mañozca Fountain to Bartolomé de las Casas Monument to Pope John Paul II Nacional Monte de Piedad National Palace Old Portal de Mercaderes Templo Mayor
Schools and colleges	Academia Mexicana de la Historia Academy of San Carlos Antigua Escuela de Jurisprudencia Colegio de San Ignacio de Loyola Vizcaínas El Colegio Nacional University of the Cloister of Sor Juana
Government buildings	Library of the Congress of Mexico Old Customs Building Palace of the Marqués del Apartado Secretariat of Public Education Main Headquarters Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
Religious buildings	Church of Jesus Nazareno Church of San Felipe Neri "La Profesa" Church of San Hipólito Church of Santa Inés Convent of La Merced Convent of San Francisco Convent of Santa Inés Corpus Christi Church Historic Synagogue Justo Sierra 71 Iglesia de San Bernardo La Enseñanza Church La Santísima Church Nuestra Señora de Loreto Church Regina Coeli Convent Church Royal Convent of Jesús María and Our Lady of Mercy Santa Teresa la Antigua Santa Veracruz Monastery Santo Domingo Templo Expiatorio Nacional de San Felipe de Jesús Valvanera Cathedral
Museums	Caricature Museum Casa Talavera Cultural Center Centro Cultural de España Colegio de San Ildefonso Franz Mayer Museum House of the First Print Shop in the Americas Interactive Museum of Economics José Luis Cuevas Museum Museo de Arte Popular Museo de Charrería Museo de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público Museo del Estanquillo Museo Mural Diego Rivera Museo Nacional de Arte Museo Nacional de la Estampa Museo Nacional de las Culturas Museum of Light Museum of Mexico City Palace of the Inquisition Palacio de Minería San Pedro y San Pablo College
Palaces	Borda House Casa de los Azulejos Palace of Iturbide Palacio de Bellas Artes Palacio de Correos de México Palacio de la Autonomía Palacio del Marqués del Apartado
Historic houses	House of the Count de la Torre Cosío y la Cortina House of the Marquis of Uluapa Houses of the Mayorazgo de Guerrero Saint Augustine House Tlaxcala House
Traditional markets	Abelardo L. Rodríguez Market Ciudadela Market La Merced Market San Juan Market
Streets	Avenida Bucareli Avenida Juárez Calle de República de Argentina Calle de República de Guatemala Madero Street
Parks and plazas	Alameda Central Garden of the Triple Alliance Plaza Garibaldi Tlaxcoaque
Transportation	Mexico City Metrobús Line 4 Allende metro station Bellas Artes metro station Hidalgo metro station Isabel la Católica metro station Merced metro station Pino Suárez metro station San Juan de Letrán metro station Zócalo/Tenochtitlan metro station
Other	Barrio Chino Chapultepec aqueduct Edificio Miguel E. Abed Hospital de Jesús Nazareno Hospital San Hipólito Teatro de la Ciudad Teatro Fru Fru Torre Latinoamericana