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{{Short description|Species of succulent}}
{{speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|name = Silver dollar plant
| name = Silver dollar plant
|image =Crassula arborescens.jpg
| image = Crassula arborescens.jpg
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|status=
| image2 = Crassula arborescens - KNBG 6.jpg
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|status_system=
| image2_caption = At [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden]], South Africa
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|genus = Crassula
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| status =
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|species = arborescens
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| status_system =
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|authority = ([[Mill.]]) [[Willd.]]<ref name="TPL_kew-2741502">{{cite web |title=''Crassula arborescens'' |work=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2741502 |accessdate=2016-09-21}}</ref>
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| genus = Crassula
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|}}
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| species = arborescens
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| authority = ([[Mill.]]) [[Willd.]]<ref name="TPL_kew-2741502">{{cite web |title=''Crassula arborescens'' |work=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2741502 |access-date=2016-09-21}}</ref>
| range_map = Crassula arborescens native range.png
| range_map_caption = native range
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}}


'''''Crassula arborescens''''', the '''silver jade''', '''silver dollar plant''', '''beestebul''', '''Chinese jade''', '''money plant''', or '''money tree''',<ref>https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/338/</ref> is a species of succulent plant in the [[Crassulaceae]] family. It is an [[endemism|endemic]] plant of the [[Western Cape]], [[South Africa]]. It is a {{convert|2|to|4|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} succulent shrub. It has round gray "Silver Dollar" leaves. It blooms in winter, with white to pink flowers.<ref>http://pza.sanbi.org/crassula-arborescens</ref><ref>[http://www.smgrowers.com/search/basesearch.asp?strSearchText=Crassula+arborescens&x=11&y=11 San Marcos Growers - Plant Database: ''Crassula arborescens'']. Retrieved 2011-04-04.</ref> It is cultivated as an [[ornamental plant]] for use in [[xeriscape|drought tolerant]] and succulent gardens, and in [[container gardens]]. It is also suitable for growing indoors as a [[houseplant]].
'''''Crassula arborescens'''''—the '''silver jade plant''', '''silver dollar (jade) plant''', '''''beestebul''''', '''Chinese jade''', '''cookie plant''', '''money plant''', or '''money tree''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/338/|title = PlantFiles: Crassula Species, Silver Jade, Silver Dollar Plant, Beestebul, Chinese Jade, Money Plant}}</ref> that is [[endemism|endemic]] to [[Western Cape]], [[South Africa]], is a species of [[succulent plant]] in the family [[Crassulaceae]].


==Description==
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<gallery>
It grows into a {{convert|2|to|4|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}, succulent shrub. It has a single main trunk that can reach a diameter of up to 6 centimeters. The branches are thickened and gray-green in color. Shoots with leaves have a diameter of 7 to 10 millimeters.
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Crassula arborescens, Jardín Botánico, Múnich, Alemania 2012-04-21, DD 01.JPG
Crassula arborescens, Jardín Botánico, Múnich, Alemania 2012-04-21, DD 03.JPG|Foliage texture
Gardenology-IMG 5096 hunt10mar.jpg
</gallery>


Unlike the related ''[[Crassula ovata]]'' (more commonly-referred to as 'jade'), ''C. arborescens'' has rounded, red-edged, gray leaves shaped like "silver dollars" or "cookies". Older shoots have a yellowish-brown bark that peels off that are divided into individual sections at the nodes. The flat and [[obovate]] to obovate-round leaves are 3.2 to 7 centimeters long and 2.3 to 4.2 centimeters wide. They are [[glaucous]] in color, have a powdery coating and are spotted with clearly visible water gaps. The leaf edges are reddish and the leaf base is wedge-shaped.<ref name=plantz/>
==Notes==
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{{Reflist}}


===Inflorescences===
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==References==
It blooms in summer, with typical star-shaped ''Crassula'' white or pink flowers.<ref name=plantz>{{Cite web|url=http://pza.sanbi.org/crassula-arborescens|title = Crassula arborescens &#124; PlantZAfrica}}</ref><ref>[http://www.smgrowers.com/search/basesearch.asp?strSearchText=Crassula+arborescens&x=11&y=11 San Marcos Growers - Plant Database: ''Crassula arborescens'']. Retrieved 2011-04-04.</ref> The terminal [[inflorescence]] consists of thyrses that are rounded at the top and is 5 to 8 centimeters high. It has a lot of [[dichasia]]. The 4 millimeter thick inflorescence stalk is 15 to 30 millimeters long and the flower stalk 10 to 12 millimeters long. The [[sepal]]s are broadly triangular in shape. The star-shaped [[corolla (botany)|corolla]] reaches a diameter of 18 to 20 millimeters and is light pink or white. The lanceolate petals are 9 to 10 millimeters long and 2.5 to 3 millimeters wide. The [[stamen]]s are 5 to 6 millimeters long and the purple-colored anther is less than 1 millimeter in size.
{{refbegin}}
*YL Liu, ZL Long, Y Gao, T Harada, (2007). ''Organ Formation and Plant Regeneration in vitro Tissue Culture of Crassula arborescens''.
{{refend}}


The fruits are [[Follicle (fruit)|follicle]]s, about 6 mm long and oval in shape, composed of 3-5 follicles each. Generally, even once dried, they remain attached to the plant and the seeds, which are small in size, will then be dispersed by the wind.<ref name=plantz/>
==External links==
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{{Commons category-inline|Crassula arborescens|''Crassula arborescens''}}


==Cultivation==
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{{wikispecies-inline}}
It is cultivated as an [[ornamental plant]] for use in [[Xeriscaping|drought tolerant]] and succulent gardens, and in [[container gardens]]. It is also suitable for growing indoors as a [[houseplant]] if provided with full-exposure, sunny windows or [[Grow light|grow lights]], to prevent [[etiolation]].<ref name=plantz/>

==Distribution==
It is native to the South African provinces of Western Cape, Eastern Cape and southern [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. The plants grow on dry rocky surfaces in the [[Succulent Karoo]].<ref name=plantz/>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Crassula arborescens - flowers - KNBG.jpg|Closeup of flowers
File:Crassula arborescens - Flickr - Ragnhild & Neil Crawford.jpg|In habitat, [[Western Cape]], South Africa
File:Crassula arborescens - Flickr - Ragnhild & Neil Crawford (1).jpg|In habitat, Western Cape, South Africa
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File:Crassula arborescens, Jardín Botánico de Múnich, Alemania, 2013-05-04, DD 02.jpg|Leaves
File:Crassula arborescens subsp undulatifolia 2.jpg|''C. arborescens'' ssp. ''undulatifolia'', [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden|Kirstenbosch Nat'l Botanical Garden]]
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</gallery>

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==References==
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{{Reflist}}
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*{{Commons category-inline|Crassula arborescens|''Crassula arborescens''}}
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*{{Wikispecies-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2705184}}


[[Category:Crassula|arborescens]]
[[Category:Crassula|arborescens]]
[[Category:Flora of the Cape Provinces]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of the Cape Provinces]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of South Africa]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Africa]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Africa]]
[[Category:Drought-tolerant plants]]
[[Category:Drought-tolerant plants]]
[[Category:House plants]]
[[Category:House plants]]

{{Crassulaceae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:08, 20 July 2024

Silver dollar plant
At Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, South Africa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Crassulaceae
Genus: Crassula
Species:
C. arborescens
Binomial name
Crassula arborescens
native range

Crassula arborescens—the silver jade plant, silver dollar (jade) plant, beestebul, Chinese jade, cookie plant, money plant, or money tree,[2] that is endemic to Western Cape, South Africa, is a species of succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae.

Description

[edit]

It grows into a 2 to 4 ft (0.6 to 1.2 m), succulent shrub. It has a single main trunk that can reach a diameter of up to 6 centimeters. The branches are thickened and gray-green in color. Shoots with leaves have a diameter of 7 to 10 millimeters.

Unlike the related Crassula ovata (more commonly-referred to as 'jade'), C. arborescens has rounded, red-edged, gray leaves shaped like "silver dollars" or "cookies". Older shoots have a yellowish-brown bark that peels off that are divided into individual sections at the nodes. The flat and obovate to obovate-round leaves are 3.2 to 7 centimeters long and 2.3 to 4.2 centimeters wide. They are glaucous in color, have a powdery coating and are spotted with clearly visible water gaps. The leaf edges are reddish and the leaf base is wedge-shaped.[3]

Inflorescences

[edit]

It blooms in summer, with typical star-shaped Crassula white or pink flowers.[3][4] The terminal inflorescence consists of thyrses that are rounded at the top and is 5 to 8 centimeters high. It has a lot of dichasia. The 4 millimeter thick inflorescence stalk is 15 to 30 millimeters long and the flower stalk 10 to 12 millimeters long. The sepals are broadly triangular in shape. The star-shaped corolla reaches a diameter of 18 to 20 millimeters and is light pink or white. The lanceolate petals are 9 to 10 millimeters long and 2.5 to 3 millimeters wide. The stamens are 5 to 6 millimeters long and the purple-colored anther is less than 1 millimeter in size.

The fruits are follicles, about 6 mm long and oval in shape, composed of 3-5 follicles each. Generally, even once dried, they remain attached to the plant and the seeds, which are small in size, will then be dispersed by the wind.[3]

Cultivation

[edit]

It is cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in drought tolerant and succulent gardens, and in container gardens. It is also suitable for growing indoors as a houseplant if provided with full-exposure, sunny windows or grow lights, to prevent etiolation.[3]

Distribution

[edit]

It is native to the South African provinces of Western Cape, Eastern Cape and southern KwaZulu-Natal. The plants grow on dry rocky surfaces in the Succulent Karoo.[3]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Crassula arborescens". The Plant List. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
  2. ^ "PlantFiles: Crassula Species, Silver Jade, Silver Dollar Plant, Beestebul, Chinese Jade, Money Plant".
  3. ^ a b c d e "Crassula arborescens | PlantZAfrica".
  4. ^ San Marcos Growers - Plant Database: Crassula arborescens. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
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