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{{Short description|Safavid military commander, royal gholam, and official}}
⚫
'''Otar Beg''', also known as '''Otar Khan''', later known as '''Zu al-Faqār Khan''' (born circa. 1583,{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=252}} – died 1662/63), was a [[Safavids|Safavid]] military commander, royal ''[[Military of the Safavid dynasty#Ghulam|gholam]]'', and official from the [[Georgians|Georgian]] [[Baratashvili]]-[[House of Orbeliani|Orbelishvili]] (Orbeliani) clan.
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Otar Beg
| nickname = Zu al-Faqār Khan
| death_date = 1662/63
| birth_date = 1583
| office = Governor of [[Semnan Province|Semnan]]
| termstart = Unknown
| termend = 1638
| predecessor = Amir Khan Mohrdar Soklan Zu al-Faqār
| successor = Manuchehr Beg
| office1 = Governor of [[Safavid Qandahar|Qandahar]]
| office2 = Prefect of [[New Julfa]]
| predecessor1 = [[Mihrab Khan]]
| successor1 = Unknown
| predecessor2 = [[Mirman Mirimanidze]]
| successor2 = Unknown
| termstart1 = 1649
| termend1 = 1662/63
| termstart2 = 1626
| termend2 = Unknown
| father = Aslamaz
| relatives = [[Otar Beg Orbeliani|Otar / Zu al-Faqār]] (brother), [[Mansur Khan (qollar-aghasi)|Gorjasbi / Mansur]] (brother), Kaykhosrow (brother), Qaplan (cousin), Erizbar (uncle)
| blank2 = Clan
| battles = [[Mughal–Safavid War (1649–1653)|Mughal–Safavid War of 1649–1653]]
| occupation = Military leader, official
| data2 = [[Baratashvili]]-[[House of Orbeliani|Orbelishvili]] (Orbeliani)
| allegiance = [[File:Safavid Flag.svg|22px|border]] [[Safavid Iran]]
}}
⚫
'''Otar Beg''', also known as '''Otar Khan''', later known as '''Zu al-Faqār Khan''' (born circa. 1583,{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=252}} – died 1662/63), was a [[Safavid Iran|Safavid]] military commander, royal ''[[Military_of_the_Safavid_dynasty#Gholam|gholam]]'', and official from the [[Georgians|Georgian]] [[Baratashvili]]-[[House of Orbeliani|Orbelishvili]] (Orbeliani) clan.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Not much is known about the early life of Otar Beg. His original family name was Baratashvili-Orbelishvili, which is also referred to as Orbeliani and Qaplanshvili.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=249}} His father's name was Aslamaz and he had two younger brothers, [[Vakhushti Khan Orbeliani|Vakhushti]] and [[Mansur Khan (qollar-aghasi)|Gorjasbi]] (Mansur Khan), who also held prominent positions like him. According to [[Alexander Orbeliani]] (1802–1869), Otar had one more brother named Kaykhosrow.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|pages=248, 252}} He furthermore had a known younger cousin named Qaplan Baratashili-Orbelishvili (Orbeliani) (?–1671), who had fled to mainland Iran in the early 17th century after the death of his father Erizbar Baratashvili-Orbelishvili, the latter being therefore Otar's uncle.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=248}}
Not much is known about the early life of Otar Beg. His original family name was Baratashvili-Orbelishvili, which is also referred to as Orbeliani and Qaplanishvili.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=249}} His father's name was Aslamaz and he had two younger brothers, [[Vakhushti Khan Orbeliani|Vakhushti]] and [[Mansur Khan (qollar-aghasi)|Gorjasbi]] (Mansur), who also held prominent positions like him. According to [[Alexander Orbeliani]] (1802–1869), Otar had one more brother named Kaykhosrow.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|pages=248, 252}} He furthermore had a known younger cousin named Qaplan Baratashili-Orbelishvili (Orbeliani) (?–1671), who had fled to mainland Iran in the early 17th century after the death of his father Elizbar Baratashvili-Orbelishvili, the latter being therefore Otar's uncle.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=248}}


Otar was mentioned for the first time in the Iranian sources in 1626, when he held the function of ''darugha'' (prefect) of [[New Julfa]], having succeeded [[Mirman Mirimanidze]] on this post. When king [[Abbas I of Persia|Abbas I]] died (1629), he had already been appointed as governor of [[Semnan Province|Semnan]] and possessed the rank of ''[[Sultan|soltan]]''.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=252}} Later, in 1649, during the reign of king [[Abbas II of Persia|Abbas II]] (r. 1562-1666), he was given the governorship of [[Kandahar]] in the easternmost territories, as well as the honorary title of ''Zu al-Faqār Khan''.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|pages=247-248}} When Kandahar was surrounded by the Mughal forces in 1653, the city nearly fell due to the protracted siege, and Otar was blamed for his soft attitude. According to the contemporary Safavid historian and author Valiqoli Shamlu, who served Otar personally in Qandahar, Otar answered that he would fight alone till the end and, after his death, behave as generals liked to do. He is quoted: "I have served the Safavid kings for seventy years. My bones are made from Shah's (kings) different kinds of graces".{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=252}}
Otar was mentioned for the first time in the Iranian sources in 1626, when he held the function of ''darugha'' (prefect) of [[New Julfa]], having succeeded [[Mirman Mirimanidze]] (Safiqoli Khan) on this post. When king [[Abbas I of Persia|Abbas I]] died in 1629, he had already been appointed as governor of [[Semnan Province|Semnan]] and possessed the rank of ''[[Sultan|soltan]]''.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=252}} Later, in 1649, during the reign of king [[Abbas II of Persia|Abbas II]] (r. 1562–1666), he was given the governorship of [[Safavid Qandahar|Qandahar]] in the easternmost territories, as well as the honorary name of ''Zu al-Faqār Khan''.{{sfn|Maeda|2003|pages=247-248}} When Qandahar was surrounded by the Mughal forces in 1653, the city nearly fell due to the protracted siege, and Otar was blamed for his soft attitude. According to the contemporary Safavid historian and author Valiqoli Shamlu, who served Otar personally in Qandahar, Otar answered that he would fight alone till the end and, after his death, behave as generals liked to do. He is quoted: "I have served the Safavid kings for seventy years. My bones are made from Shah's (kings) different kinds of graces".{{sfn|Maeda|2003|page=252}}


==References==
==References==
Line 10: Line 40:


==Sources==
==Sources==
* {{cite book|last1=Floor|first1=Willem|last2=Herzig|first2=Edmund|title=Iran and the World in the Safavid Age|date=2015|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1780769905|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=HZNpBgAAQBAJ&dq=bijan+saakadze+supervise&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s|pages=481}}
* {{cite book|last1=Floor|first1=Willem|last2=Herzig|first2=Edmund|title=Iran and the World in the Safavid Age|date=2015|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1780769905|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZNpBgAAQBAJ&q=bijan+saakadze+supervise|pages=481}}
* {{cite book|last1=Floor|first1=Willem M.|title=Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri|date=2008|publisher=Mage Publishers|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-1933823232|pages=257, 275|ref = harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Floor|first1=Willem M.|title=Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri|date=2008|publisher=Mage Publishers|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-1933823232|pages=257, 275}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Maeda|first1=Hirotake|title=On the Ethno-Social Background of Four Gholām Families from Georgia in Safavid Iran|journal=Studia Iranica|date=2003|issue=32|pages=1-278|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Maeda|first1=Hirotake|title=On the Ethno-Social Background of Four Gholām Families from Georgia in Safavid Iran|journal=Studia Iranica|date=2003|issue=32|pages=1–278}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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{{s-aft|after=Unknown}}
{{s-aft|after=Unknown}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mihrab Khan]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mihrab Khan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Governor of [[Qandahar]]|years=1649-1662/63}}
{{s-ttl|title=Governor of [[Safavid Qandahar|Qandahar]]|years=1649-1662/63}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mansur Khan (qollar-aghasi)]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mansur Khan (qollar-aghasi)|Mansur Khan]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Otar Beg}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Otar Beg}}
[[Category:1580s births]]
[[Category:1580s births]]
[[Category:1662 deaths]]
[[Category:1660s deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:1663 deaths]]
[[Category:Shia Muslims from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Shia Muslims from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Iranian people of Georgian descent]]
[[Category:Iranian people of Georgian descent]]
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[[Category:Safavid governors of Semnan]]
[[Category:Safavid governors of Semnan]]
[[Category:Safavid governors of Qandahar]]
[[Category:Safavid governors of Qandahar]]
[[Category:Ghilman]]
[[Category:Nobility of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Nobility of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Safavid generals]]
[[Category:Safavid generals]]
[[Category:17th-century people from Safavid Iran]]
⚫
[[Category:Safavid ghilman]]

Latest revision as of 21:36, 20 July 2024

Otar Beg
Governor of Semnan
In office
Unknown–1638
Preceded byAmir Khan Mohrdar Soklan Zu al-Faqār
Succeeded byManuchehr Beg
Governor of Qandahar
In office
1649–1662/63
Preceded byMihrab Khan
Succeeded byUnknown
Prefect of New Julfa
In office
1626–Unknown
Preceded byMirman Mirimanidze
Succeeded byUnknown
Personal details
Born1583
Died1662/63
Parent
  • Aslamaz (father)
RelativesOtar / Zu al-Faqār (brother), Gorjasbi / Mansur (brother), Kaykhosrow (brother), Qaplan (cousin), Erizbar (uncle)
OccupationMilitary leader, official
ClanBaratashvili-Orbelishvili (Orbeliani)
NicknameZu al-Faqār Khan
Military service
Allegiance Safavid Iran
Battles/warsMughal–Safavid War of 1649–1653

Otar Beg, also known as Otar Khan, later known as Zu al-Faqār Khan (born circa. 1583,[1] – died 1662/63), was a Safavid military commander, royal gholam, and official from the Georgian Baratashvili-Orbelishvili (Orbeliani) clan.

Biography

[edit]

Not much is known about the early life of Otar Beg. His original family name was Baratashvili-Orbelishvili, which is also referred to as Orbeliani and Qaplanishvili.[2] His father's name was Aslamaz and he had two younger brothers, Vakhushti and Gorjasbi (Mansur), who also held prominent positions like him. According to Alexander Orbeliani (1802–1869), Otar had one more brother named Kaykhosrow.[3] He furthermore had a known younger cousin named Qaplan Baratashili-Orbelishvili (Orbeliani) (?–1671), who had fled to mainland Iran in the early 17th century after the death of his father Elizbar Baratashvili-Orbelishvili, the latter being therefore Otar's uncle.[4]

Otar was mentioned for the first time in the Iranian sources in 1626, when he held the function of darugha (prefect) of New Julfa, having succeeded Mirman Mirimanidze (Safiqoli Khan) on this post. When king Abbas I died in 1629, he had already been appointed as governor of Semnan and possessed the rank of soltan.[1] Later, in 1649, during the reign of king Abbas II (r. 1562–1666), he was given the governorship of Qandahar in the easternmost territories, as well as the honorary name of Zu al-Faqār Khan.[5] When Qandahar was surrounded by the Mughal forces in 1653, the city nearly fell due to the protracted siege, and Otar was blamed for his soft attitude. According to the contemporary Safavid historian and author Valiqoli Shamlu, who served Otar personally in Qandahar, Otar answered that he would fight alone till the end and, after his death, behave as generals liked to do. He is quoted: "I have served the Safavid kings for seventy years. My bones are made from Shah's (kings) different kinds of graces".[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Maeda 2003, p. 252.
  2. ^ Maeda 2003, p. 249.
  3. ^ Maeda 2003, pp. 248, 252.
  4. ^ Maeda 2003, p. 248.
  5. ^ Maeda 2003, pp. 247–248.

Sources

[edit]
  • Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund (2015). Iran and the World in the Safavid Age. I.B.Tauris. p. 481. ISBN 978-1780769905.
  • Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. pp. 257, 275. ISBN 978-1933823232.
  • Maeda, Hirotake (2003). "On the Ethno-Social Background of Four Gholām Families from Georgia in Safavid Iran". Studia Iranica (32): 1–278.
Preceded by
Amir Khan Mohrdar Soklan Zu al-Faqār
 Governor of Semnan
?-1638 		Succeeded by
Manuchehr Beg
Preceded by Prefect of New Julfa
1626 		Succeeded by
Unknown
Preceded by Governor of Qandahar
1649-1662/63 		Succeeded by
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