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{{short description|Prototype Myanma bullpup assault rifle}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
| name = EMERK-K1
| name = EMER-K1
| image =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_size =
Line 6: Line 7:
| caption =
| caption =
| type =
| type =
* [[Bullpup]] [[Assault rifle]]
* [[Bullpup]] [[assault rifle]]
* Bullpup [[Light machine gun]]
* Bullpup [[light machine gun]]
| origin = [[Myanmar]]
| origin = [[Myanmar]]
<!-- Type selection -->
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_ranged = yes
| is_ranged = yes
<!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
| service =
| service = 1998-?
| used_by = [[Tatmadaw]] (Primary User)
| used_by = [[Tatmadaw]] (primary user)
| wars =
| wars =
<!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
| designer = Electro Mechanical and Engineering Corps
| designer = Electrical Mechanical and Engineering Corps (EMEC)
| design_date = 1995
| design_date = 1995
| manufacturer = Electro Mechanical and Engineering Corps
| manufacturer = Electrical Mechanical and Engineering Corps (EMEC)
| unit_cost =
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| production_date = 1995
| number = Preproduction prototypes only
| number = Preproduction prototypes only
| variants =
| variants =
Line 26: Line 27:
| spec_label =
| spec_label =
| weight =
| weight =
* {{cvt|4.5|kg|lb}} (No Magazine, Assault Rifle)<ref name="BMSA">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314140015/http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=1173|url=http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=1173|title=Burma Making Small Arms|accessdate=2018-08-07|archivedate=2016-03-14|date=1998-08|publisher=The Irrawaddy}}</ref>
* {{cvt|4|kg|lb}} (no magazine, assault rifle)<ref name="BMSA">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314140015/http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=1173|url=http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=1173|title=Burma Making Small Arms|accessdate=2018-08-07|archivedate=2016-03-14|date=August 1998|publisher=The Irrawaddy}}</ref>
* {{cvt|55|kg|lb}} (Light Machine Gun){{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=218}}
* {{cvt|4.5|kg|lb}} (light machine gun){{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=218}}
| length = <!--{{cvt|123|mm|in}}-->
| length = <!--{{cvt|123|mm|in}}-->
| part_length = <!--{{cvt|123|mm|in}}-->
| part_length = <!--{{cvt|123|mm|in}}-->
Line 35: Line 36:
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge = [[5.56×45mm NATO]]
| cartridge = [[5.56×45mm NATO]]
| cartridge_weight = [[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]], [[closed bolt]]
| action = [[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]], [[closed bolt]]
| caliber =
| caliber =
| barrels =
| barrels =
| action =
| rate = 650 rounds/minute<ref name="BMSA"/>
| rate = 650 rounds/minute<ref name="BMSA"/>
| velocity = <!--{{cvt|123|m/s|ft/s}}-->
| velocity = <!--{{cvt|123|m/s|ft/s}}-->
Line 47: Line 47:
}}
}}


The '''EMER K-1''', sometimes known as the '''EMER K1''',{{sfn|Thompson|2019|pp=43}} was a prototype bullpup assault rifle made in Myanmar by the Electro Mechanical and Engineering Corps (EMEC).<ref>{{Citation| last = Remigiusz| first = Wilk| title = Infantry Weapons: The Future Beckons for Asia| magazine= Asia Military Review| volume = 18| issue = 2| year = 2010| pages = 15}}</ref>
The '''EMER K-1''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://k.sina.cn/article_1894445180_70eaf07c02000tt65.html|title=无托步枪真香？缅甸山寨97式大批量装备部队，亚洲两国帮了大忙 |language=Chinese|date=2020-12-22}}</ref> sometimes known as the '''EMER K1'''{{sfnp|Thompson|2019|p=43}} or '''EMERK-1''',<ref name="BMSA"/> was a prototype [[bullpup]] [[assault rifle]] made in [[Myanmar]] by the Electrical Mechanical and Engineering Corps (EMEC).<ref>{{Citation| last = Remigiusz| first = Wilk| title = Infantry Weapons: The Future Beckons for Asia| magazine= Asia Military Review| volume = 18| issue = 2| year = 2010| pages = 15}}</ref> [[Reverse engineering|Reverse engineered]] in 1995 from the Chinese [[QBZ-97]] assault rifle, the EMER K-1 was prone to stoppage.

It's also sometimes known as the '''EMERK-1'''.<ref name="BMSA"/>


==History==
==History==
The EMER K-1's development started after [[Norinco]] exported a batch of QBZ-97 assault rifles to Myanmar.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730050812/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htweap/articles/20090228.aspx?comments=Y|archivedate=2018-07-30|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htweap/articles/20090228.aspx?comments=Y|title=China Exports Its Radical New Assault Rifle|accessdate=2010-03-11|publisher=Strategy Page}}</ref><ref name="BTP">{{cite web|url=https://item.btime.com/30njpcbms8m8osq2b99ekutvtmk|title=菲军警接装中国97式步枪 逐渐取代美制枪械|date=2017-06-04|accessdate=2018-08-06|archivedate=2018-08-06|language=Chinese|publisher=B Time|archiveurl=https://archive.fo/Ji8ap}}</ref> [[Norinco]] subsequently decided not to export any more QBZ-97s due to sanctions placed on the country.{{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=218}} Myanmar, in response, refused to return the QBZ-97s that were sold to them and used the rifles already in the country as the basis for [[Reverse engineering|reverse engineering studies]].<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115234450/http://www.gunsandammo.com:80/military-law-enforcement/chinas-assault-rifle-qbz95/|url=http://www.gunsandammo.com:80/military-law-enforcement/chinas-assault-rifle-qbz95/|title=China’s Assault Rifle: QBZ95|date=2017-11-15|archivedate=2018-01-15|accessdate=2018-08-07}}</ref>
The EMER K-1's development started after Ng Chung-Keung, a subsidiary of Chinese defense contractor [[Norinco]], exported a batch of [[QBZ-97]] assault rifles to Myanmar.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730050812/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htweap/articles/20090228.aspx?comments=Y|archivedate=2018-07-30|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htweap/articles/20090228.aspx?comments=Y|title=China Exports Its Radical New Assault Rifle|accessdate=2010-03-11|publisher=Strategy Page}}</ref><ref name="BTP">{{cite web|url=https://item.btime.com/30njpcbms8m8osq2b99ekutvtmk|title=菲军警接装中国97式步枪 逐渐取代美制枪械|date=2017-06-04|accessdate=2018-08-06|archivedate=2018-08-06|language=Chinese|publisher=B Time|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20180806012856/https://item.btime.com/30njpcbms8m8osq2b99ekutvtmk}}</ref> Norinco decided not to export any more QBZ-97s due to arms sanctions placed on the country.{{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=218}} Myanmar, in response, refused to return them and subsequently were used as the basis for [[Reverse engineering|reverse engineering studies]].<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115234450/http://www.gunsandammo.com:80/military-law-enforcement/chinas-assault-rifle-qbz95/|url=http://www.gunsandammo.com:80/military-law-enforcement/chinas-assault-rifle-qbz95/|title=China's Assault Rifle: QBZ95|date=2017-11-15|archivedate=2018-01-15|accessdate=2018-08-07}}</ref>


It was designed by EMEC engineers with a batch of 15-16 firearms made for testing and evaluation.<ref name="BSA">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715210629/http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1154|archivedate=2018-07-01|date=2012-06-08|accessdate=2018-08-03|url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1154|title=Burmese Small Arms Development|work=smallarmsreview.com|author=V. Kenneth}}</ref><ref name="BMSA"/>
It was designed by EMEC engineers in 1995 with a batch of 15-16 firearms made for testing and evaluation.<ref name="BSA">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715210629/http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1154|archivedate=2018-07-15|date=2012-06-08|accessdate=2018-08-03|url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1154|title=Burmese Small Arms Development|work=smallarmsreview.com|author=V. Kenneth}}</ref><ref name="BMSA"/>


Some EMER-K1s were issued to elite Myanma troops on guard duty at the Yadana pipeline, according to Yangon-based diplomats at the time, which was reported in 1998.<ref name="BMSA"/>{{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=218}}
Some EMER-K1s were issued to elite Myanmar troops on guard duty at the [[Yadana gas field]], according to [[Yangon]]-based diplomats in 1998.<ref name="BMSA"/>{{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=218}}


With the failure of the EMER-K1 to be adopted by the Tatmadaw due to various problems with reliability due to being prone to multiple cases of stoppages and jams,{{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=218}} the QBZ-97 was reexamined again in order to reverse engineer it once again.<ref name="MK III History">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://archive.fo/KzdQa|url=https://item.btime.com/m_9c13043f392e48556?page=|title=这不是97式 缅甸自制无托步枪的发展|language=Chinese|date=2018-03-26|accessdate=2018-08-06|archivedate=2018-08-06|publisher=B Time}}</ref> This time, the decision was made to use the QBZ-97 as the basis for the MA-1 MK III assault rifle family.<ref name="MK III History"/>
The EMER-K1 was not adopted by the [[Tatmadaw]] due to various problems on reliability and multiple incidents of stoppages and gun jams.{{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=218}} The QBZ-97 was reexamined in order to reverse engineer it once again.<ref name="MK III History">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20180806014912/https://item.btime.com/m_9c13043f392e48556?page=|url=https://item.btime.com/m_9c13043f392e48556?page=|title=这不是97式 缅甸自制无托步枪的发展|language=Chinese|date=2018-03-26|accessdate=2018-08-06|archivedate=2018-08-06|publisher=B Time}}</ref> This time, the decision was made to use the QBZ-97 as the basis for the MA-1 MK III assault rifle family.<ref name="MK III History"/>


==Design==
==Design==
Reports suggested that the development of the EMER-K1 was made possible thanks to technical assistance from Singapore,<ref name="BSA"/> which was in violation of [[United Nations]] arms sanctions.{{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=218}} The manufacture was also possible thanks to Singaporean-supplied machinery.{{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=218}}
Reports suggested that the development of the EMER-K1 was made possible due to technical assistance from [[Singapore]],<ref name="BSA"/> in violation of [[United Nations]] arms sanctions.{{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=218}} This was also made possible due to machinery allegedly supplied by Singapore.{{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=218}}


Construction of the EMER-K1s were done via [[Stamping (metalworking)|stamping]] with all-metal bodies.<ref name="BMSA"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bellschool.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/2016-03/113_Transforming_the_Tatmadaw__The_Burmese_armed_forces_since_1988_%28Canberra_papers_on_strategy_and_defence%29_Andrew_Selth_207p_0731524012.pdf|title=Transforming the Tatmadaw: The Burmese Armed Forces since 1988|date=1996|accessdate=2018-08-07|publicationplace=Canberra, Australia|number=113|page=34|institution=Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies}}</ref> The design was based on other assault rifles like the SAR-21, SA-80, M-16, IMI Tavor and the Steyr AUG.{{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=218}}
Construction of the EMER-K1s were done via [[Stamping (metalworking)|stamping]] with all-metal bodies.<ref name="BMSA"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bellschool.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/2016-03/113_Transforming_the_Tatmadaw__The_Burmese_armed_forces_since_1988_%28Canberra_papers_on_strategy_and_defence%29_Andrew_Selth_207p_0731524012.pdf|title=Transforming the Tatmadaw: The Burmese Armed Forces since 1988|date=1996|accessdate=2018-08-07|publication-place=Canberra, Australia|number=113|page=34|institution=Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies|archive-date=2018-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807115956/http://bellschool.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/2016-03/113_Transforming_the_Tatmadaw__The_Burmese_armed_forces_since_1988_(Canberra_papers_on_strategy_and_defence)_Andrew_Selth_207p_0731524012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The design was based on other assault rifles like the [[SAR21]], SA80, M16, [[IMI Tavor]] and the [[Steyr AUG]].{{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=218}}


The EMER-K1's flash hider, carry handle, magazine housing, bayonet stud, sling swivels and flip aperture sights are based on the [[M16 rifle|M16]] series.<ref name="BSA"/> The pistol grip, trigger, trigger guard, stock and vent holes are based on the SA80 series.<ref name="BSA"/>
The EMER-K1's [[flash hider]], carry handle, magazine housing, bayonet stud, sling swivels and flip aperture sights are based on the [[M16 rifle|M16]] series.<ref name="BSA"/> The pistol grip, trigger, trigger guard, stock and vent holes are based on the [[SA80]] series.<ref name="BSA"/>


Its [[Action (firearms)|action]] appears to be based on the [[QBZ-95]]'s gas piston<ref name="BSA"/> The fire selector with three settings is positioned on the left side behind the magazine well with the charging handle position on the right side.{{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=218}}
The rifle’s [[Action (firearms)|action]] appears to be based on the [[QBZ-95]]'s gas piston.<ref name="BSA"/> The fire selector has three settings and is positioned on the left side behind the magazine well with the charging handle position on the right side.{{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=218}}


==Variants==
==Variants==


===EMER-K1 Assault Rifle===
===EMER-K1 Assault Rifle===
The basic version of the EMER-K1.<ref name="BSA"/> It, like the LMG version, are 832mm in length with effective range and firing rate as 400m and 650 rounds per minute.<ref name="BLD">{{cite web|url=https://www.burmalibrary.org/reg.burma/archives/199807/msg00515.html|title=MYANMAR MAKING SMALL ARMS IN IMPORTED FACTORY|author=Bruce Hawke|publisher=Jane's Defense Weekly|date=1998-07-22}}</ref> Its weight is 4 kg.
The basic version of the EMER-K1.<ref name="BSA"/>


===EMER-K1 LMG===
===EMER-K1 LMG===
An LMG version of the EMER-K1.<ref name="BSA"/> The barrel appears to be an AKM-based muzzle-climb compensator while having a different handguard.{{sfn|Johnson|Nelson|2016|pp=219}}
An LMG version of the EMER-K1.<ref name="BSA"/> The barrel appears to be an AKM-based muzzle-climb compensator while having a different handguard.{{sfnp|Johnson|Nelson|2016|p=219}} It is 500g heavier at 4.5kg with no magazine.<ref name="BLD"/>


==References==
==References==
Line 81: Line 79:


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Gary Paul |last2= Nelson |first2=Thomas B. |date= 2016-12-15|title= The World's Assault Rifles |url= https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=z3O6DQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |location= |publisher=Ironside International Publishers |page= |isbn=9781619846012 |author-link= }}
* {{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Gary Paul |last2= Nelson |first2=Thomas B. |date= 2016-12-15|title= The World's Assault Rifles |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=z3O6DQAAQBAJ |location= |publisher=Ironside International Publishers |page= |isbn=9781619846012 |author-link= }}
* {{cite book|title=The G3 Battle Rifle|series=Weapon 68|first=Leroy |last=Thompson|date=2019-05-30|isbn=9781472828620|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]}}
* {{cite book|title=The G3 Battle Rifle|series=Weapon 68|first=Leroy |last=Thompson|date=2019-05-30|isbn=9781472828620|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]}}


{{AK47 derivatives}}
{{Bullpup Firearms}}
{{Bullpup Firearms}}


[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of Myanmar]]
[[Category:5.56 mm assault rifles]]
[[Category:5.56×45mm NATO assault rifles]]
[[Category:Kalashnikov derivatives]]
[[Category:5.56×45mm NATO machine guns]]
[[Category:Assault rifles of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Bullpup rifles]]
[[Category:Bullpup rifles]]
[[Category:Carbines]]
[[Category:Carbines]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1995]]
[[Category:Trial and research firearms]]
[[Category:Trial and research firearms]]

Latest revision as of 10:31, 21 July 2024

EMER-K1
Type
Place of originMyanmar
Service history
In service1998-?
Used byTatmadaw (primary user)
Production history
DesignerElectrical Mechanical and Engineering Corps (EMEC)
Designed1995
ManufacturerElectrical Mechanical and Engineering Corps (EMEC)
Produced1995
No. builtPreproduction prototypes only
Specifications
Mass
  • 4 kg (8.8 lb) (no magazine, assault rifle)[1]
  • 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) (light machine gun)[2]
Cartridge5.56×45mm NATO
ActionGas-operated, closed bolt
Rate of fire650 rounds/minute[1]
Effective firing range400 m (440 yd)[1]
Feed system30-round detachable STANAG box magazine
SightsPost front sight and adjustable rear sights

The EMER K-1,[3] sometimes known as the EMER K1[4] or EMERK-1,[1] was a prototype bullpup assault rifle made in Myanmar by the Electrical Mechanical and Engineering Corps (EMEC).[5] Reverse engineered in 1995 from the Chinese QBZ-97 assault rifle, the EMER K-1 was prone to stoppage.

History

[edit]

The EMER K-1's development started after Ng Chung-Keung, a subsidiary of Chinese defense contractor Norinco, exported a batch of QBZ-97 assault rifles to Myanmar.[6][7] Norinco decided not to export any more QBZ-97s due to arms sanctions placed on the country.[2] Myanmar, in response, refused to return them and subsequently were used as the basis for reverse engineering studies.[8]

It was designed by EMEC engineers in 1995 with a batch of 15-16 firearms made for testing and evaluation.[9][1]

Some EMER-K1s were issued to elite Myanmar troops on guard duty at the Yadana gas field, according to Yangon-based diplomats in 1998.[1][2]

The EMER-K1 was not adopted by the Tatmadaw due to various problems on reliability and multiple incidents of stoppages and gun jams.[2] The QBZ-97 was reexamined in order to reverse engineer it once again.[10] This time, the decision was made to use the QBZ-97 as the basis for the MA-1 MK III assault rifle family.[10]

Design

[edit]

Reports suggested that the development of the EMER-K1 was made possible due to technical assistance from Singapore,[9] in violation of United Nations arms sanctions.[2] This was also made possible due to machinery allegedly supplied by Singapore.[2]

Construction of the EMER-K1s were done via stamping with all-metal bodies.[1][11] The design was based on other assault rifles like the SAR21, SA80, M16, IMI Tavor and the Steyr AUG.[2]

The EMER-K1's flash hider, carry handle, magazine housing, bayonet stud, sling swivels and flip aperture sights are based on the M16 series.[9] The pistol grip, trigger, trigger guard, stock and vent holes are based on the SA80 series.[9]

The rifle’s action appears to be based on the QBZ-95's gas piston.[9] The fire selector has three settings and is positioned on the left side behind the magazine well with the charging handle position on the right side.[2]

Variants

[edit]

EMER-K1 Assault Rifle

[edit]

The basic version of the EMER-K1.[9] It, like the LMG version, are 832mm in length with effective range and firing rate as 400m and 650 rounds per minute.[12] Its weight is 4 kg.

EMER-K1 LMG

[edit]

An LMG version of the EMER-K1.[9] The barrel appears to be an AKM-based muzzle-climb compensator while having a different handguard.[13] It is 500g heavier at 4.5kg with no magazine.[12]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Burma Making Small Arms". The Irrawaddy. August 1998. Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Johnson & Nelson (2016), p. 218.
  3. ^ "无托步枪真香？缅甸山寨97式大批量装备部队，亚洲两国帮了大忙" (in Chinese). 2020-12-22.
  4. ^ Thompson (2019), p. 43.
  5. ^ Remigiusz, Wilk (2010), "Infantry Weapons: The Future Beckons for Asia", Asia Military Review, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 15
  6. ^ "China Exports Its Radical New Assault Rifle". Strategy Page. 17 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-07-30. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
  7. ^ "菲军警接装中国97式步枪 逐渐取代美制枪械" (in Chinese). B Time. 2017-06-04. Archived from the original on 2018-08-06. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  8. ^ "China's Assault Rifle: QBZ95". 2017-11-15. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g V. Kenneth (2012-06-08). "Burmese Small Arms Development". smallarmsreview.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-15. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
  10. ^ a b "这不是97式 缅甸自制无托步枪的发展" (in Chinese). B Time. 2018-03-26. Archived from the original on 2018-08-06. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  11. ^ "Transforming the Tatmadaw: The Burmese Armed Forces since 1988" (PDF). Canberra, Australia: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. 1996. p. 34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  12. ^ a b Bruce Hawke (1998-07-22). "MYANMAR MAKING SMALL ARMS IN IMPORTED FACTORY". Jane's Defense Weekly.
  13. ^ Johnson & Nelson (2016), p. 219.

Bibliography

[edit]
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