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The International Women's Strike or International Feminist Strike 8-M was a movement that took place on March 8, 2018, International Women's Day. It was organized by feminist movements in support of women's rights across the world.^[1]^[2] It was supported by over 170 countries and a large number of related local activities.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

The movement called for the end of violence against women, gender inequality, and different forms of oppression against women. This international action also had the objective to determine the level of exploitation of women in the workplace, social reproduction, and reproductive labor.^[8]^[9]

History

The first historical example of a national strike led by a women's movement took place in Iceland, on October 24, 1975, with paid workers and housewives taking part. On the anniversary of the strike, October 24, 2016, Icelandic women left their workplaces two hours and twenty minutes before the end of the working day, demonstrating the visible representation of the gender pay gap between men and women.^[10]

On March 8, 2000, the Campaña Internacional por un Salario para el Trabajo en el Hogar called the first International Women's Strike, demanding the women's right to justice for their unrecognised contribution to the workforce.^[11] The movement was especially active during the years 2000-2001.^[12]

Another large protest took place on October 3, 2016 in Poland, known as Black Monday, against plans to criminalize abortion, including miscarriage, and the termination of a pregnancy as a result of rape. The most important result was that law was not passed in the Polish parliament.

On October 19, 2016, in Argentina, members of the movement Ni Una Menos and other feminist organizations, called for an hour-long strike and various demonstrations, after a week with 7 femicides. A Women's March on Washington was also held on January 21, 2017.

In the context of massive demonstrations in different countries, Polish activists began to connect and coordinate actions with similar movements in other countries, initially joined by Israel, Italy, South Korea, Russia, Ireland, Brazil, and Mexico forming a group to create the International Women's Strike.^[3]^[13]

The first International Women's Strike was on March 8, 2017 and took place in more than 50 countries around the world.^[14] Important protests occurred for the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on November 25, 2017 in different countries, as well as a massive answer to the call of the Women's March 2018 in the United States. These movements ^[15] are considered as precedents for a second global call to an international women's strike by activists.^[13]^[16]

Later, in October 2017, during the 3rd ITUC World Women's Conference/Women's Organizing Assembly, 200 female trade unionists gathered from around the world in Costa Rica, and trade unionist representatives from Latin America, primarily from Argentina and Brazil, asked the unions to take part in the second International Women's Strike call on March 8, 2017.^[17]

International Women's Strike 2018

Call

Under slogans like #NosParamos, #WeStrike,"If our lives are worthless, produce without us", "What they call love is unpaid work", the feminist movements called for a strike from workers, students, carers and consumers. The call included salaried and non-salaried women of all sexual orientations and identities.^[8]

One of the main demands was for a society free from violence against women, whose most visible manifestation is the aggression and murder of women for the simple fact of being women. Women's labor rights were also defended, affected by precarious work, the gender pay gap, and sexual harassment in the workplace. Poverty, racial violence, persecution of immigrants and cutbacks in social and health programmes were also reported.^[18]

Organisation

The March 8 movements were stopped in more than 70 countries by multiple national and local organisations, collectives, and activists. These movements were globally assembled by coalitions like the Spanish Internacional Feminista and International Women's Strike.^[19]

In dozens of cities, preparatory assemblies were held to organise marches and other actions. These assemblies did not respond to a centralized organisation and were convened at a local level, generally in public spaces such as squares, with participants ranging from a few dozen to more than a thousand, such as the meeting that took place in Buenos Aires on February 8, 2018.

Trade unions supported the strike in some countries, although the form of this support took was a matter of debate. While some sections of the trade union movement argued that a strike could not legally distinguish between the sexes, the feminist movement argued that only women should go on strike. From this perspective, men should support the women by taking on the work and care tasks that were left unattended, and participating in other types of actions that would contribute to making the importance of women visible. In Spain, CNT (National Confederation of Labour), CGT (General Confederation of Labour), CIG (Galician Unions Confederacy), CoBas (Union of broad-based commissions of Catalonia) and other non-majority unions called a 24-hour general strike,^[20] providing legal coverage to be able to strike in all work centers throughout the day. On the other hand, UGT (General Union of Workers) and CCOO (Worker's Commissions) called for 2-hour partial stoppages in the morning and the afternoon;^[21] and USE called for a four-hour stoppage at noon.^[22] Part of the management accused them of supporting a political strike, but they were not brought to justice.

Movement 'WE FEMALE JOURNALISTS STOP'

In Spain at the beginning of March, a movement of women journalists with the slogan 'Las periodistas paramos' ('We female journalists strike') began spontaneously, which within a few days won the support of more than 8,000 female media professionals.^[23] The movement specifically denounces the Gender pay gap suffered by women in the sector, the glass ceiling, the precariousness and higher levels of temporary employment suffered by female journalists compared to their colleagues, sexual and labour harassment and calls for co-responsibility in care. It also encourages groups of women journalists from other countries to make their own manifesto.^[24]^[25]^[26]

On March 8, the manifesto was read at the Plaza Callao in Madrid at the gates of the Press Palace. The meeting was attended by several hundred female journalists from the main Spanish media. It was also held in other Spanish cities: Barcelona, Bilbao, Granada, Cadiz, Valencia, Seville and León.^[27]

The document explains that they are aware of the 'social relevance' of the work they do and they are concerned about 'the partial vision of reality that the media so often offer and in which the presence and contributions of women are lacking'. 'Feminism is also necessary to improve journalism,' they highlight.

For this reason, the professionals who have promoted the manifesto call on the media and newspaper companies to take action in areas such as the wage gap, demanding 'wage transparency and a review of professional categories, complements and criteria'.^[27]

8M Demands

Civil and political equality, equality before the law, equal pay, right to work, right to education, equal opportunities and equality of outcome for women compared to men makes up the general core of the world's demands, which have their own expression in each country depending on its socio-political situation. Thus, as part of human rights, reproductive rights (access to family planning and birth control methods and abortion-rights), sexual freedom (sexual diversity, LGBT), etc. are claimed. An end to violence against women (aggression, humiliation, discrimination or exclusion, rape, murder of women) and the adoption of legal, political and educational measures to protect women is called for. The wage gap between men and women was condemned, calling for equal pay for equal work. Reproductive labor (domestic work and care work), which is fundamental to sustaining the lives of human beings and is carried out mainly by women and is not recognized. A secular state and equal education were claimed.^[28]^[29]^[30]

References

^ Por qué mujeres del todo el mundo planean hacer huelga el 8 de Marzo, Sarah Jaffe, Viento Sur, 24 de febero de 2018
^ Hacia la huelga feminista del 8-M: el día en el que las mujeres intentarán parar el mundo, Cuarto Poder, 2771/2018
^ ^a ^b "Las mujeres preparan el Paro Internacional del 8 de marzo - TN.com.ar". Todo Noticias (in Spanish). 5 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ Igualdad (22 February 2018). "Una huelga feminista sin fronteras, de Argentina a Kurdistán". eldiario.es.
^ Distintos países, un mismo grito contra la desigualdad, El País, M.R. Sahuquillo,7 de marzo de 2018
^ 8-M: El feminismo desborda España, La Marea, 9 de marzo de 2018
^ 8M: Orgullo feminista, eldiario.es, 8 de marzo de 2018
^ ^a ^b "Paro Internacional de Mujeres: multitudinaria asamblea para organizar el 8M - TN.com.ar". Todo Noticias (in Spanish). 10 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ Panzerini, Lorena. "Parar para mover todo | Hacia el nuevo Paro Internacional de Mujeres". PAGINA12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ "El ejemplo más reciente: la huelga de las mujeres islandesas | lamarea.com". lamarea.com (in European Spanish). 6 March 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ "Mujeres y niñas hacen 2/3 del trabajo mundial por 5% de los ingresos". www.mujeresenred.net. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
^ Blume, E. Sue. "- Mujeres en Red". www.mujeresenred.net. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
^ ^a ^b Jaffe, Sarah (9 February 2018). "Women Across the Globe Are Planning to Strike on March 8. Here's Why". Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ "Fotogalería del 8M en el mundo; el día en que las mujeres hicieron temblar la tierra". LARED21 (in European Spanish). Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ Bogado, Male (9 March 2018). "#8MPy: Mujeres marcharon por un sistema justo y humano para todos". Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
^ "Miles, de cara al 8 de marzo | Segundo día de la Women's March y convocatorias hacia el Paro Internacional". PAGINA12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-02-17.
^ "3a Conferencia Mundial de Mujeres de la CSI/Asamblea de Organización de Mujeres - Confederación Sindical Internacional". www.ituc-csi.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2018.
^ Taylor, Angela Davis / Nancy Fraser / Linda Alcoff / Cinzia Arruzza / Tithi Bhattacharya / Rosa Clemente / Z. "Un feminismo para el 99%: por eso las mujeres haremos huelga este año". ctxt.es | Contexto y Acción (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ "La Women's March 2018 | Protesta mundial a un año de gobierno Trump". PAGINA12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ "Sí, hay huelga general el 8 de marzo y es legal". www.elsaltodiario.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "UGT y CCOO registran la convocatoria de huelga general para el 8 de marzo" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2018-03-04. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "USO registra la convocatoria de huelga para el 8 de marzo". www.uso.es (in European Spanish). 20 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "5.200 mujeres periodistas respaldan la huelga del 8 de marzo". EL PAÍS (in Spanish). 2018-03-03. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "Las periodistas paramos". Las periodistas paramos (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "Más de 5.300 mujeres periodistas firman un manifiesto por la huelga del 8M". Catalunyapress (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ Lourido, Mariola (2018-03-01). "4.000 mujeres periodistas firman contra el machismo y apoyan la huelga del 8M". Cadena SER (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ ^a ^b "Las periodistas se concentran en Callao". Madridiario (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "Manifiesto 8M". Hacia la huelga feminista (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "Diez medidas que se pueden poner en marcha ya para responder a las demandas del feminismo". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
^ "Cierre del multitudinario acto del 8M frente al Congreso: "No nos callamos más"". Diario26 (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2019-03-07. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[1] Por qué mujeres del todo el mundo planean hacer huelga el 8 de Marzo, Sarah Jaffe, Viento Sur, 24 de febero de 2018

[2] Hacia la huelga feminista del 8-M: el día en el que las mujeres intentarán parar el mundo, Cuarto Poder, 2771/2018

[:2-3] "Las mujeres preparan el Paro Internacional del 8 de marzo - TN.com.ar". Todo Noticias (in Spanish). 5 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.

[4] Igualdad (22 February 2018). "Una huelga feminista sin fronteras, de Argentina a Kurdistán". eldiario.es.

[5] Distintos países, un mismo grito contra la desigualdad, El País, M.R. Sahuquillo,7 de marzo de 2018

[6] 8-M: El feminismo desborda España, La Marea, 9 de marzo de 2018

[7] 8M: Orgullo feminista, eldiario.es, 8 de marzo de 2018

[:0-8] "Paro Internacional de Mujeres: multitudinaria asamblea para organizar el 8M - TN.com.ar". Todo Noticias (in Spanish). 10 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.

[9] Panzerini, Lorena. "Parar para mover todo | Hacia el nuevo Paro Internacional de Mujeres". PAGINA12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 February 2018.

[10] "El ejemplo más reciente: la huelga de las mujeres islandesas | lamarea.com". lamarea.com (in European Spanish). 6 March 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2018.

[11] "Mujeres y niñas hacen 2/3 del trabajo mundial por 5% de los ingresos". www.mujeresenred.net. Retrieved 4 March 2018.

[12] Blume, E. Sue. "- Mujeres en Red". www.mujeresenred.net. Retrieved 4 March 2018.

[:1-13] Jaffe, Sarah (9 February 2018). "Women Across the Globe Are Planning to Strike on March 8. Here's Why". Retrieved 17 February 2018.

[14] "Fotogalería del 8M en el mundo; el día en que las mujeres hicieron temblar la tierra". LARED21 (in European Spanish). Retrieved 17 February 2018.

[15] Bogado, Male (9 March 2018). "#8MPy: Mujeres marcharon por un sistema justo y humano para todos". Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[16] "Miles, de cara al 8 de marzo | Segundo día de la Women's March y convocatorias hacia el Paro Internacional". PAGINA12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-02-17.

[17] "3a Conferencia Mundial de Mujeres de la CSI/Asamblea de Organización de Mujeres - Confederación Sindical Internacional". www.ituc-csi.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2018.

[18] Taylor, Angela Davis / Nancy Fraser / Linda Alcoff / Cinzia Arruzza / Tithi Bhattacharya / Rosa Clemente / Z. "Un feminismo para el 99%: por eso las mujeres haremos huelga este año". ctxt.es | Contexto y Acción (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 February 2018.

[19] "La Women's March 2018 | Protesta mundial a un año de gobierno Trump". PAGINA12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 February 2018.

[20] "Sí, hay huelga general el 8 de marzo y es legal". www.elsaltodiario.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[21] "UGT y CCOO registran la convocatoria de huelga general para el 8 de marzo" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2018-03-04. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[22] "USO registra la convocatoria de huelga para el 8 de marzo". www.uso.es (in European Spanish). 20 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[23] "5.200 mujeres periodistas respaldan la huelga del 8 de marzo". EL PAÍS (in Spanish). 2018-03-03. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[24] "Las periodistas paramos". Las periodistas paramos (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[25] "Más de 5.300 mujeres periodistas firman un manifiesto por la huelga del 8M". Catalunyapress (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[26] Lourido, Mariola (2018-03-01). "4.000 mujeres periodistas firman contra el machismo y apoyan la huelga del 8M". Cadena SER (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[:3-27] "Las periodistas se concentran en Callao". Madridiario (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[28] "Manifiesto 8M". Hacia la huelga feminista (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[29] "Diez medidas que se pueden poner en marcha ya para responder a las demandas del feminismo". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-05-06.

[30] "Cierre del multitudinario acto del 8M frente al Congreso: "No nos callamos más"". Diario26 (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2019-03-07. Retrieved 2018-05-06.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Global feminist strike}}
-[[File:International women's strike, Montevideo, 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Strike in Montevideo]]
-[[File:Montevideo - Paro Internacional de Mujeres en Uruguay 2018-02.jpg|thumb|Strike in Montevideo]]
+[[File:International women's strike, Montevideo, 2018 (cropped).jpg|300px|thumb|Strike in Montevideo]]
+[[File:Montevideo 2018M (39989342574).jpg|thumb|Strike in Montevideo]]
-The '''International Women's Strike''' or '''International Feminist Strike 8-M''' was a movement that took place on March 8, 2018, [[International Women's Day]]. It was organized by feminist movements in support of [[women's rights]] across the world. <ref>[http://www.vientosur.info/spip.php?article13512 Por qué mujeres del todo el mundo planean hacer huelga el 8 de Marzo], [[Sarah Jaffe]], Viento Sur, 24 de febero de 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.cuartopoder.es/sociedad/mujer/2018/01/27/8m-huelga-feminista/ Hacia la huelga feminista del 8-M: el día en el que las mujeres intentarán parar el mundo], Cuarto Poder, 2771/2018</ref> It was supported by over 170 countries and a large number of related local activities. <ref name=":2">{{cite news|title=Las mujeres preparan el Paro Internacional del 8 de marzo - TN.com.ar|url=https://tn.com.ar/sociedad/las-mujeres-ya-preparan-el-paro-internacional-del-8-de-marzo_849751|date=5 February 2018|accessdate=17 February 2018|work=Todo Noticias|language=es}}</ref><ref>[https://www.eldiario.es/internacional/Metoo-mundiales-Dia-Internacional-Mujer_0_742976101.html Una huelga feminista sin fronteras, de Argentina a Kurdistán, diario.es, 22/2/2018]</ref><ref>[https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/03/07/actualidad/1520452960_137452.html Distintos países, un mismo grito contra la desigualdad], El País, M.R. Sahuquillo,7 de marzo de 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.lamarea.com/2018/03/09/huelga-feminista-8m-cifras/ 8-M: El feminismo desborda España], La Marea, 9 de marzo de 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/huelga-sacude-Espana-leccion-feminismo_0_747876011.html 8M: Orgullo feminista], eldiario.es, 8 de marzo de 2018</ref>
+The '''International Women's Strike''' or '''International Feminist Strike 8-M''' was a movement that took place on March 8, 2018, [[International Women's Day]]. It was organized by feminist movements in support of [[women's rights]] across the world.<ref>[http://www.vientosur.info/spip.php?article13512 Por qué mujeres del todo el mundo planean hacer huelga el 8 de Marzo], [[Sarah Jaffe]], Viento Sur, 24 de febero de 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.cuartopoder.es/sociedad/mujer/2018/01/27/8m-huelga-feminista/ Hacia la huelga feminista del 8-M: el día en el que las mujeres intentarán parar el mundo], Cuarto Poder, 2771/2018</ref> It was supported by over 170 countries and a large number of related local activities.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|title=Las mujeres preparan el Paro Internacional del 8 de marzo - TN.com.ar|url=https://tn.com.ar/sociedad/las-mujeres-ya-preparan-el-paro-internacional-del-8-de-marzo_849751|date=5 February 2018|access-date=17 February 2018|work=Todo Noticias|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/internacional/Metoo-mundiales-Dia-Internacional-Mujer_0_742976101.html|title=Una huelga feminista sin fronteras, de Argentina a Kurdistán|last=Igualdad|website=eldiario.es|date=22 February 2018 }}</ref><ref>[https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/03/07/actualidad/1520452960_137452.html Distintos países, un mismo grito contra la desigualdad], El País, M.R. Sahuquillo,7 de marzo de 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.lamarea.com/2018/03/09/huelga-feminista-8m-cifras/ 8-M: El feminismo desborda España], La Marea, 9 de marzo de 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/huelga-sacude-Espana-leccion-feminismo_0_747876011.html 8M: Orgullo feminista], eldiario.es, 8 de marzo de 2018</ref>
-The movement called for the end of [[violence against women]], [[gender inequality]] and different forms of [[oppression]] against women. This international action also had the objective to determine the level of exploitation of women in the workplace, [[social reproduction]] and [[reproductive labor]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Paro Internacional de Mujeres: multitudinaria asamblea para organizar el 8M - TN.com.ar|url=https://tn.com.ar/sociedad/paro-internacional-de-mujeres-multitudinaria-asamblea-para-organizar-el-8m_850648|date=10 February 2018|accessdate=17 February 2018|work=Todo Noticias|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Panzerini|first=Lorena|title=Parar para mover todo {{!}} Hacia el nuevo Paro Internacional de Mujeres|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/90697-parar-para-mover-todo|date=1516574278|accessdate=17 February 2018|work=PAGINA12|language=es-AR}}</ref>
+The movement called for the end of [[violence against women]], [[gender inequality]], and different forms of [[oppression]] against women. This international action also had the objective to determine the level of exploitation of women in the workplace, [[social reproduction]], and [[reproductive labor]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Paro Internacional de Mujeres: multitudinaria asamblea para organizar el 8M - TN.com.ar|url=https://tn.com.ar/sociedad/paro-internacional-de-mujeres-multitudinaria-asamblea-para-organizar-el-8m_850648|date=10 February 2018|access-date=17 February 2018|work=Todo Noticias|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Panzerini|first=Lorena|title=Parar para mover todo {{!}} Hacia el nuevo Paro Internacional de Mujeres|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/90697-parar-para-mover-todo|access-date=17 February 2018|work=PAGINA12|language=es-AR}}</ref>
 == History ==
 ''See also [[Global Women's Strike]] and [[International Women's Strike]]''.
-The first historical example of a national strike lead by a women’s movement took place in [[Iceland]], on October 24, 1975, with paid workers and housewives taking part. On the anniversary of the strike, October 24, 2016, Icelandic women left their workplaces two hours and twenty minutes before the end of the working day, demonstrating the visible representation of the [[gender pay gap]] between men and women.<ref>{{cite news|title=El ejemplo más reciente: la huelga de las mujeres islandesas {{!}} lamarea.com|url=https://www.lamarea.com/2017/03/06/ejemplo-mas-reciente-la-huelga-las-mujeres-islandesas/|date=6 March 2017|accessdate=17 February 2018|work=lamarea.com|language=es-ES}}</ref>
+The first historical example of a national strike led by a women's movement took place in [[Iceland]], on October 24, 1975, with paid workers and housewives taking part. On the anniversary of the strike, October 24, 2016, Icelandic women left their workplaces two hours and twenty minutes before the end of the working day, demonstrating the visible representation of the [[gender pay gap]] between men and women.<ref>{{cite news|title=El ejemplo más reciente: la huelga de las mujeres islandesas {{!}} lamarea.com|url=https://www.lamarea.com/2017/03/06/ejemplo-mas-reciente-la-huelga-las-mujeres-islandesas/|date=6 March 2017|access-date=17 February 2018|work=lamarea.com|language=es-ES}}</ref>
-On March 8, 2000 the ''Campaña Internacional por un Salario para el Trabajo en el Hogar'' called the first International Women’s Strike, demanding the women’s right to justice for their unrecognised contribution to the workforce.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mujeresenred.net/8marzo-sp-folleto-cast.htm|title=Mujeres y niñas hacen 2/3 del trabajo mundial por 5% de los ingresos|accessdate=4 March 2018|website=www.mujeresenred.net}}</ref> The movement was especially active during the years 2000-2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mujeresenred.net/8marzo2001-huelga.html|title=- Mujeres en Red|accessdate=4 March 2018|last=Blume|first=E. Sue|website=www.mujeresenred.net}}</ref>
+On March 8, 2000, the ''Campaña Internacional por un Salario para el Trabajo en el Hogar'' called the first International Women's Strike, demanding the women's right to justice for their unrecognised contribution to the workforce.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mujeresenred.net/8marzo-sp-folleto-cast.htm|title=Mujeres y niñas hacen 2/3 del trabajo mundial por 5% de los ingresos|access-date=4 March 2018|website=www.mujeresenred.net}}</ref> The movement was especially active during the years 2000-2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mujeresenred.net/8marzo2001-huelga.html|title=- Mujeres en Red|access-date=4 March 2018|last=Blume|first=E. Sue|website=www.mujeresenred.net}}</ref>
 Another large protest took place on October 3, 2016 in [[Poland]], known as [[Black Monday]], against plans to criminalize abortion, including miscarriage, and the termination of a pregnancy as a result of rape. The most important result was that law was not passed in the [[Polish parliament]].
-On October 19, 2016, in [[Argentina]], members of the movement [[Ni una menos|Ni Una Menos]] and other feminist organizations, called for an hour-long [[Strike action|strike]] and various [[Demonstration (protest)|demonstrations]], after a week with 7 [[Femicide|femicides]]. A [[2017 Women's March|Women's March on Washington]] was also held on January 21, 2017.
+On October 19, 2016, in [[Argentina]], members of the movement [[Ni una menos|Ni Una Menos]] and other feminist organizations, called for an hour-long [[Strike action|strike]] and various [[Demonstration (protest)|demonstrations]], after a week with 7 [[femicide]]s. A [[2017 Women's March|Women's March on Washington]] was also held on January 21, 2017.
-In the context of massive demonstrations in different countries, Polish activists began to connect and coordinate actions with similar movements in other countries, initially joined by Israel, Italy, South Korea, Russia, Ireland, Brazil and Mexico forming a group to create the [[International Women's Strike]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/20900/international-womens-strike-march-8|title=Women Across the Globe Are Planning to Strike on March 8. Here’s Why.|accessdate=17 February 2018|last=Jaffe|first=Sarah|date=9 February 2018}}</ref>
+In the context of massive demonstrations in different countries, Polish activists began to connect and coordinate actions with similar movements in other countries, initially joined by Israel, Italy, South Korea, Russia, Ireland, Brazil, and Mexico forming a group to create the [[International Women's Strike]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/20900/international-womens-strike-march-8|title=Women Across the Globe Are Planning to Strike on March 8. Here's Why.|access-date=17 February 2018|last=Jaffe|first=Sarah|date=9 February 2018}}</ref>
-The first [[International Women's Strike]] was on March 8, 2017 and took place in more than 50 countries around the world.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fotogalería del 8M en el mundo; el día en que las mujeres hicieron temblar la tierra|url=http://www.lr21.com.uy/mujeres/1324413-8m-paro-internacional-mujeres-marchas|accessdate=17 February 2018|work=LARED21|language=es-ES}}</ref> Important protests occurred for the [[International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women]] on November 25, 2017 in different countries, as well as a massive answer to the call of the [[2018 Women's March|Women's March 2018]] in the United States. These movements <ref>http://www.dx.com.py/8mpy-mujeres-marcharon-por-un-sistema-justo-y-humano-para-todos/</ref> are considered as precedents for a second global call to an international women's strike by activists.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Miles, de cara al 8 de marzo {{!}} Segundo día de la Women’s March y convocatorias hacia el Paro Internacional|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/90725-miles-de-cara-al-8-de-marzo|date= |accessdate=2018-02-17|work=PAGINA12|language=es-AR}}</ref>
+The first [[International Women's Strike]] was on March 8, 2017 and took place in more than 50 countries around the world.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fotogalería del 8M en el mundo; el día en que las mujeres hicieron temblar la tierra|url=http://www.lr21.com.uy/mujeres/1324413-8m-paro-internacional-mujeres-marchas|access-date=17 February 2018|work=LARED21|language=es-ES}}</ref> Important protests occurred for the [[International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women]] on November 25, 2017 in different countries, as well as a massive answer to the call of the [[2018 Women's March|Women's March 2018]] in the United States. These movements <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dx.com.py/8mpy-mujeres-marcharon-por-un-sistema-justo-y-humano-para-todos/|title=#8MPy: Mujeres marcharon por un sistema justo y humano para todos|first=Male|last=Bogado|date=9 March 2018|access-date=22 April 2018|archive-date=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520073832/http://www.dx.com.py/8mpy-mujeres-marcharon-por-un-sistema-justo-y-humano-para-todos/|url-status=dead}}</ref> are considered as precedents for a second global call to an international women's strike by activists.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Miles, de cara al 8 de marzo {{!}} Segundo día de la Women's March y convocatorias hacia el Paro Internacional|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/90725-miles-de-cara-al-8-de-marzo|access-date=2018-02-17|work=PAGINA12|language=es-AR}}</ref>
-Later, in October 2017, during the 3rd ITUC World Women’s Conference/Women’s Organizing Assembly, 200 female trade unionists gathered from around the world in [[Costa Rica]], and trade unionist representatives from Latin America, primarily from [[Argentina]] and [[Brazil]], asked the unions to take part in the second International Women's Strike call on March 8, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ituc-csi.org/3wwc?lang=es|title=3a Conferencia Mundial de Mujeres de la CSI/Asamblea de Organización de Mujeres - Confederación Sindical Internacional|accessdate=5 March 2018|website=www.ituc-csi.org|language=es}}</ref>
+Later, in October 2017, during the 3rd ITUC World Women's Conference/Women's Organizing Assembly, 200 female trade unionists gathered from around the world in [[Costa Rica]], and trade unionist representatives from Latin America, primarily from [[Argentina]] and [[Brazil]], asked the unions to take part in the second International Women's Strike call on March 8, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ituc-csi.org/3wwc?lang=es|title=3a Conferencia Mundial de Mujeres de la CSI/Asamblea de Organización de Mujeres - Confederación Sindical Internacional|access-date=5 March 2018|website=www.ituc-csi.org|language=es}}</ref>
 == International Women's Strike 2018 ==
@@ Line 27: / Line 28: @@
 Under slogans like #NosParamos, #WeStrike,"If our lives are worthless, produce without us", "What they call love is unpaid work", the feminist movements called for a strike from workers, students, carers and consumers. The call included salaried and non-salaried women of all sexual orientations and identities.<ref name=":0" />
-One of the main demands was for a society free from violence against women, whose most visible manifestation is the aggression and murder of women for the simple fact of being women. Women's [[labor rights]] were also defended, affected by [[precarious work]], the [[gender pay gap|gender pay gap]] and [[sexual harassment]] in the workplace. [[Poverty]], racial violence, [[Xenophobia|persecution of immigrants]] and cutbacks in social and health programmes were also reported.<ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Angela Davis / Nancy Fraser / Linda Alcoff / Cinzia Arruzza / Tithi Bhattacharya / Rosa Clemente / Z|title=Un feminismo para el 99%: por eso las mujeres haremos huelga este año|url=http://ctxt.es/es/20180124/Politica/17499/angela-davis-nancy-fraser-linda-alcoff-cinzia-arruzza-Tithi-Bhattacharya-Rosa-Clemente-Zillah-Eisenstein-Liza-Featherstone-Barbara-Smith-Keeanga-Yamahtta-Taylor-feminismo-strike-huelga-8-de-marzo-lucha-machismo-metoo-timesup.htm|accessdate=17 February 2018|work=ctxt.es {{!}} Contexto y Acción|language=es}}</ref>
+One of the main demands was for a society free from violence against women, whose most visible manifestation is the aggression and murder of women for the simple fact of being women. Women's [[labor rights]] were also defended, affected by [[precarious work]], the [[gender pay gap]], and [[sexual harassment]] in the workplace. [[Poverty]], racial violence, [[Xenophobia|persecution of immigrants]] and cutbacks in social and health programmes were also reported.<ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Angela Davis / Nancy Fraser / Linda Alcoff / Cinzia Arruzza / Tithi Bhattacharya / Rosa Clemente / Z|title=Un feminismo para el 99%: por eso las mujeres haremos huelga este año|url=http://ctxt.es/es/20180124/Politica/17499/angela-davis-nancy-fraser-linda-alcoff-cinzia-arruzza-Tithi-Bhattacharya-Rosa-Clemente-Zillah-Eisenstein-Liza-Featherstone-Barbara-Smith-Keeanga-Yamahtta-Taylor-feminismo-strike-huelga-8-de-marzo-lucha-machismo-metoo-timesup.htm|access-date=17 February 2018|work=ctxt.es {{!}} Contexto y Acción|language=es}}</ref>
 === Organisation ===
-The March 8 movements were stopped in more than 70 countries by multiple national and local organisations, collectives, and activists. These movements were globally assembled by coalitions like the Spanish [[Internacional Feminista]] and [[International Women's Strike]].<ref>{{cite news|title=La Women’s March 2018 {{!}} Protesta mundial a un año de gobierno Trump|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/90596-la-womens-march-2018|date= |accessdate=17 February 2018|work=PAGINA12|language=es-AR}}</ref>
+The March 8 movements were stopped in more than 70 countries by multiple national and local organisations, collectives, and activists. These movements were globally assembled by coalitions like the Spanish [[Internacional Feminista]] and [[International Women's Strike]].<ref>{{cite news|title=La Women's March 2018 {{!}} Protesta mundial a un año de gobierno Trump|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/90596-la-womens-march-2018|access-date=17 February 2018|work=PAGINA12|language=es-AR}}</ref>
 In dozens of cities, preparatory assemblies were held to organise marches and other actions. These assemblies did not respond to a centralized organisation and were convened at a local level, generally in public spaces such as squares, with participants ranging from a few dozen to more than a thousand, such as the meeting that took place in [[Buenos Aires]] on February 8, 2018.
-[[Trade unions]] supported the strike in some countries, although the form of this support took was a matter of debate. While some sections of the trade union movement argued that a strike could not legally distinguish between the sexes, the feminist movement argued that only women should go on strike. From this perspective, men should support the women by taking on the work and care tasks that were left unattended, and participating in other types of actions that would contribute to making the importance of women visible. In Spain, [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] (National Confederation of Labour), [[General Confederation of Labour (disambiguation)|CGT]] (General Confederation of Labour), [[Confederación Intersindical Galega|CIG]] (Galician Unions Confederacy), [[CoBas]] (Union of broad-based commissions of Catalonia) and other non-majority unions called a 24-hour general strike<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elsaltodiario.com/huelga-feminista/si-hay-huelga-general-el-8-de-marzo-y-es-legal|title=Sí, hay huelga general el 8 de marzo y es legal|last=|first=|date=|work=www.elsaltodiario.com|access-date=2018-05-06|language=Spanish}}</ref>, providing legal coverage to be able to strike in all work centers throughout the day. On the other hand, UGT (General Union of Workers) and CCOO (Worker’s Comissions) called for 2-hour partial stoppages in the morning and  the afternoon<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ugt.es:80/SitePages/NoticiaDetalle.aspx?idElemento=3587|title=UGT y CCOO registran la convocatoria de huelga general para el 8 de marzo|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=Spanish|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref>; and USE called for a four-hour stoppage at noon<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uso.es/uso-registra-la-convocatoria-de-huelga-para-el-8-de-marzo/|title=USO registra la convocatoria de huelga para el 8 de marzo {{!}} USO|last=USO|first=Prensa|website=www.uso.es|language=es-ES|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref>.  Part of the [[Employers' organization|management]] accused them of supporting a political [[Strike action|strike]], but they were not brought to justice.
+[[Trade unions]] supported the strike in some countries, although the form of this support took was a matter of debate. While some sections of the trade union movement argued that a strike could not legally distinguish between the sexes, the feminist movement argued that only women should go on strike. From this perspective, men should support the women by taking on the work and care tasks that were left unattended, and participating in other types of actions that would contribute to making the importance of women visible. In Spain, [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] (National Confederation of Labour), [[General Confederation of Labour (Spain)|CGT]] (General Confederation of Labour), [[Confederación Intersindical Galega|CIG]] (Galician Unions Confederacy), [[CoBas]] (Union of broad-based commissions of Catalonia) and other non-majority unions called a 24-hour general strike,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elsaltodiario.com/huelga-feminista/si-hay-huelga-general-el-8-de-marzo-y-es-legal|title=Sí, hay huelga general el 8 de marzo y es legal|work=www.elsaltodiario.com|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref> providing legal coverage to be able to strike in all work centers throughout the day. On the other hand, UGT (General Union of Workers) and CCOO (Worker's Commissions) called for 2-hour partial stoppages in the morning and  the afternoon;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ugt.es:80/SitePages/NoticiaDetalle.aspx?idElemento=3587|title=UGT y CCOO registran la convocatoria de huelga general para el 8 de marzo|language=es|access-date=2018-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304231545/http://www.ugt.es/SitePages/NoticiaDetalle.aspx?idElemento=3587|archive-date=2018-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> and USE called for a four-hour stoppage at noon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uso.es/uso-registra-la-convocatoria-de-huelga-para-el-8-de-marzo/|title=USO registra la convocatoria de huelga para el 8 de marzo|website=www.uso.es|date=20 February 2018 |language=es-ES|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref>  Part of the [[Employers' organization|management]] accused them of supporting a political [[Strike action|strike]], but they were not brought to justice.
 ==== Movement 'WE FEMALE JOURNALISTS STOP' ====
 [[File:Las periodistas paramos.jpg|thumb|Journalists Stop in Madrid]]
-In Spain at the beginning of March, a movement of women journalists with the slogan 'Las periodistas paramos' ('We female journalists strike') began spontaneously, which within a few days won the support of more than 8,000 female media professionals<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://politica.elpais.com/politica/2018/03/01/actualidad/1519919289_675714.html|title=5.200 mujeres periodistas respaldan la huelga del 8 de marzo|last=País|first=El|date=2018-03-03|work=EL PAÍS|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref>. The movement specifically denounces the [[Gender pay gap]] suffered by women in the sector, the [[glass ceiling]], the precariousness and higher levels of temporary employment suffered by female journalists compared to their colleagues, sexual and labour harassment and calls for co-responsibility in care. It also encourages groups of women journalists from other countries to make their own manifesto.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lasperiodistasparamos.wordpress.com/|title=Las periodistas paramos|website=Las periodistas paramos|language=es-ES|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.catalunyapress.es/texto-diario/mostrar/1021433/cerca-5000-mujeres-periodistas-firman-manifiesto-huelga-8m|title=Más de 5.300 mujeres periodistas firman un manifiesto por la huelga del 8M|last=CatalunyaPress.es|work=Catalunyapress|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cadenaser.com/ser/2018/03/01/sociedad/1519923494_122750.html|title=4.000 mujeres periodistas firman contra el machismo y apoyan la huelga del 8M|last=Lourido|first=Mariola|date=2018-03-01|work=Cadena SER|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es-ES}}</ref>
+In Spain at the beginning of March, a movement of women journalists with the slogan 'Las periodistas paramos' ('We female journalists strike') began spontaneously, which within a few days won the support of more than 8,000 female media professionals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://politica.elpais.com/politica/2018/03/01/actualidad/1519919289_675714.html|title=5.200 mujeres periodistas respaldan la huelga del 8 de marzo|date=2018-03-03|work=EL PAÍS|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref> The movement specifically denounces the [[Gender pay gap]] suffered by women in the sector, the [[glass ceiling]], the precariousness and higher levels of temporary employment suffered by female journalists compared to their colleagues, sexual and labour harassment and calls for co-responsibility in care. It also encourages groups of women journalists from other countries to make their own manifesto.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lasperiodistasparamos.wordpress.com/|title=Las periodistas paramos|website=Las periodistas paramos|language=es-ES|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.catalunyapress.es/texto-diario/mostrar/1021433/cerca-5000-mujeres-periodistas-firman-manifiesto-huelga-8m|title=Más de 5.300 mujeres periodistas firman un manifiesto por la huelga del 8M|work=Catalunyapress|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cadenaser.com/ser/2018/03/01/sociedad/1519923494_122750.html|title=4.000 mujeres periodistas firman contra el machismo y apoyan la huelga del 8M|last=Lourido|first=Mariola|date=2018-03-01|work=Cadena SER|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es-ES}}</ref>
-On March 8, the manifesto was read at the Plaza Callao in Madrid at the gates of the Press Palace. The meeting was attended by several hundred female journalists from the main Spanish media. It was also held in other Spanish cities: Barcelona, Bilbao, Granada, Cadiz, Valencia, Seville and León.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.madridiario.es/454053/cientos-de-informadoras-y-comunicadoras-se-concentran-en-madrid-al-grito-de-lasperiodistasparamos|title=Las periodistas se concentran en Callao|last=Madridiario|work=Madridiario|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref>
+On March 8, the manifesto was read at the Plaza Callao in Madrid at the gates of the Press Palace. The meeting was attended by several hundred female journalists from the main Spanish media. It was also held in other Spanish cities: Barcelona, Bilbao, Granada, Cadiz, Valencia, Seville and León.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.madridiario.es/454053/cientos-de-informadoras-y-comunicadoras-se-concentran-en-madrid-al-grito-de-lasperiodistasparamos|title=Las periodistas se concentran en Callao|work=Madridiario|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref>
 The document explains that they are aware of the 'social relevance' of the work they do and they are concerned about 'the partial vision of reality that the media so often offer and in which the presence and contributions of women are lacking'. 'Feminism is also necessary to improve journalism,' they highlight.
@@ Line 49: / Line 50: @@
 == 8M Demands ==
-[[Civil and political]] equality, [[equality before the law]], [[equal pay]], [[right to work]], [[right to education]], [[equal opportunities]] and [[equality of outcome]] for [[women]] compared to men makes up the general core of the world's demands, which have their own expression in each country depending on its socio-political situation. Thus, as part of [[human rights]], [[reproductive rights]] (access to [[family planning]] and [[birth control]] methods and [[abortion-rights]]), [[sexual freedom]] ([[sexual diversity]], [[LGBT]]), etc. are claimed. An end to [[violence against women]] (aggression, humiliation, [[discrimination]] or exclusion, [[rape]], [[Femicide|murder of women]]) and the adoption of legal, political and educational measures to protect women is called for. The [[Gender pay gap|wage gap]] between men and women was condemned, calling for [[equal pay]] for equal work. [[Reproductive labor]] ([[domestic work]] and care work), which is fundamental to sustaining the lives of human beings and is carried out mainly by women and is not recognized. A secular state and equal education were claimed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hacialahuelgafeminista.org/manifiesto-8m/|title=Manifiesto 8M|website=Hacia la huelga feminista|language=es-es|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/medidas-Gobierno-responder-demandas-feminismo_0_748225631.html|title=Diez medidas que se pueden poner en marcha ya para responder a las demandas del feminismo|work=eldiario.es|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.diario26.com/249065--cierre-del-multitudinario-acto-del-8m-frente-al-congreso-no-nos-callamos-mas|title=Cierre del multitudinario acto del 8M frente al Congreso: "No nos callamos más"|last=26|first=Diario|work=Diario26|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es-LA}}</ref>
+[[Social equality|Civil]] and [[political equality]], [[equality before the law]], [[equal pay]], [[right to work]], [[right to education]], [[equal opportunities]] and [[equality of outcome]] for [[women]] compared to men makes up the general core of the world's demands, which have their own expression in each country depending on its socio-political situation. Thus, as part of [[human rights]], [[reproductive rights]] (access to [[family planning]] and [[birth control]] methods and [[abortion-rights]]), [[sexual freedom]] ([[sexual diversity]], [[LGBT]]), etc. are claimed. An end to [[violence against women]] (aggression, humiliation, [[discrimination]] or exclusion, [[rape]], [[Femicide|murder of women]]) and the adoption of legal, political and educational measures to protect women is called for. The [[Gender pay gap|wage gap]] between men and women was condemned, calling for [[equal pay]] for equal work. [[Reproductive labor]] ([[domestic work]] and care work), which is fundamental to sustaining the lives of human beings and is carried out mainly by women and is not recognized. A secular state and equal education were claimed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hacialahuelgafeminista.org/manifiesto-8m/|title=Manifiesto 8M|website=Hacia la huelga feminista|language=es-es|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/medidas-Gobierno-responder-demandas-feminismo_0_748225631.html|title=Diez medidas que se pueden poner en marcha ya para responder a las demandas del feminismo|work=eldiario.es|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.diario26.com/249065--cierre-del-multitudinario-acto-del-8m-frente-al-congreso-no-nos-callamos-mas|title=Cierre del multitudinario acto del 8M frente al Congreso: "No nos callamos más"|work=Diario26|access-date=2018-05-06|language=es-LA|archive-date=2019-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307173758/http://www.diario26.com/249065--cierre-del-multitudinario-acto-del-8m-frente-al-congreso-no-nos-callamos-mas&#93;lingua=es|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 == References ==
@@ Line 55: / Line 56: @@
 [[Category:2018 protests]]
-[[Category:Feminism]]
+[[Category:Feminist protests]]
 [[Category:Strikes (protest)]]
+[[Category:Labor disputes in Iceland]]
+[[Category:2018 in women's history]]