William John Macleay: Difference between revisions

Sir
William John Macleay
MLC
Sir William John Macleay MLC
	Portrait by J. Hubert, c. 1890
Born	13 June 1820; Wick, Scotland
Died	7 December 1891; Sydney, Australia
Known for	Politician, naturalist

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Sir William John Macleay MLC (13 June 1820 – 7 December 1891)^[1] was a Scottish-Australian politician, naturalist, zoologist, and herpetologist.

Early life

Macleay was born at Wick, Caithness, Scotland, second son of Kenneth Macleay of Keiss and his wife Barbara, née Horne.^[1] Macleay was educated at the Edinburgh Academy 1834–36 and then to studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh; but when he was 18 years old his widowed mother died, and he decided to go to Australia with his cousin, William Sharp MacLeay. They arrived at Sydney in March 1839 on HMS Royal George. William Macleay took up land at first near Goulburn, and afterwards on the Murrumbidgee River.^[2]

He is noted as the last of the naturalists in a family active in this field; his uncle was Alexander Macleay, Colonial Secretary of New South Wales from 1826 to 1836, and a member and fellow of societies concerned with the flora and fauna of the empire's colonies.^[3]

Political career

On 1 March 1855 Macleay was elected to the old Legislative Council as member for the Lachlan and Lower Darling Pastoral District. After responsible government, on 19 April 1856 Macleay was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the Lachlan and Lower Darling serving until 11 April 1859. From 1860 to 1874 he represented Murrumbidgee in the Assembly.^[4]

Zoological career

Macleay lived in Sydney from 1857, the year he was married to Susan Emmeline Deas-Thomson, daughter of Colonial Secretary and politician, Edward Deas-Thomson, and was now able to develop his interest in science. He had made a small collection of insects, and in 1861 began to extend it considerably. In April 1862 a meeting was held at his house and it was decided to found a local Entomological Society. Macleay was elected president and held the position for two years. The society lasted 11 years and, not only was Macleay the author of the largest number of papers, he also bore most of the expense. He had succeeded to the Macleay collection on the death of W. S. Macleay in 1865, and in 1874 decided to extend it from an entomological collection into a zoological collection. Also in 1874 the Linnean Society of New South Wales was founded, of which Macleay was elected the first president, and in May 1875, having fitted up the barque Chevert, he sailed for New Guinea, where he obtained what he described as "a vast and valuable collection" of zoological specimens.^[5]

After his return from New Guinea, Macleay fostered the Linnean Society. He presented many books and materials for scientific work to it, however all were destroyed when the Garden Palace was burnt down in September 1882. In spite of this blow the society continued on its way and gradually built up another library. In 1885 Macleay erected a building for the use of the society in Ithaca road, Elizabeth Bay, and endowed it with the sum of £14,000. He had contributed several papers to the Proceedings of the society, and in 1881 his two-volume Descriptive Catalogue of Australian Fishes was published. Three years later a Supplement to this catalogue appeared, and in the same year his Census of Australian Snakes was reprinted from the Proceedings. Macleay had hoped to make a descriptive catalogue of the Dipterous insects of Australia, but his health began to fail and it was not completed.

Legacy

Macleay realised that a lot could be done to prevent diseases like typhoid fever and strongly urged the appointment of a government bacteriologist. Receiving little support he eventually left £12,000 to the University of Sydney for the foundation of a chair or lectureship in bacteriology, but this was rejected by the university senate due to the conditions of the bequest and the money went to the Linnean Society.^[1] Nearly 40 years later a professorship in bacteriology was established from the Bosch fund. In 1890 the government having provided a building in the university grounds he handed the valuable Macleay collection to the university, together with an endowment of £6000 to provide for the salary of a curator. Macleay was knighted in 1889. He died on 7 December 1891; his wife, Susan, died in 1903 and there were no children. Macleay left £6000 to the Linnean Society for general purposes and after his wife died, £35,000 was given to the Linnean Society to provide four Linnean Macleay fellowships of £400 per annum each, to encourage and advance research in natural science.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hoare, Michael & Rutledge, Martha. "Macleay, Sir William John (1820–1891)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
^ Serle, Percival (1949). "Macleay, William John". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
^ Frodin, D.G. (1990). "New Guinea botany: Explorers. institutions and outside influences: botany north of Thursday". History of systematic botany in Australasia : proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Melbourne, 25-27 May 1988. Melbourne: Australian Systematic Botany Society. p. 196. ISBN 073168463X.
^ "Sir William John Macleay (1820-1891)". Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
^ Archbold, William Arthur Jobson (1893). "Macleay, William" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 35. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

External links

Works by or about William John Macleay at the Internet Archive
1884-1887; Letters received by Sir William John Macleay. Correspondents include Sir George Macleay, Sir Charles Nicholson, Henry Nottidge Moseley, George Barnard, Nikolai de Miklouho-Maclay. Also includes Macleay's commission as captain of the Sydney Volunteer Artillery in 1866 and undated biographical notes, Macleay family - papers, 1811-1887, 1920-1929, 1983-1988, State Library of New South Wales, MLMSS 6116
Macleay, Sir, William John (1820-1891) National Library of Australia, Trove, People and Organisation record for Sir William John Macleay

New South Wales Legislative Council
Preceded by William Macarthur	Member for the Pastoral Districts of Lachlan and Lower Darling Mar 1855 – Feb 1856	Council abolished
New South Wales Legislative Assembly
New parliament	Member for Lachlan and Lower Darling 1856 – 1859 Served alongside: Garland/Paterson	district abolished
Preceded by John Hay George Macleay	Member for Murrumbidgee 1860 – 1874	Succeeded by William Forster

[ADB-1] Hoare, Michael & Rutledge, Martha. "Macleay, Sir William John (1820–1891)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 20 August 2019.

[2] Serle, Percival (1949). "Macleay, William John". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Retrieved 1 October 2009.

[Frodin1990-3] Frodin, D.G. (1990). "New Guinea botany: Explorers. institutions and outside influences: botany north of Thursday". History of systematic botany in Australasia : proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Melbourne, 25-27 May 1988. Melbourne: Australian Systematic Botany Society. p. 196. ISBN 073168463X.

[William_Macleay_NSW_Parl-4] "Sir William John Macleay (1820-1891)". Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 6 June 2019.

[5] Archbold, William Arthur Jobson (1893). "Macleay, William" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 35. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|British naturalist}}
-'''Sir William John Macleay''' (13 June 1820 – 7 December 1891).<ref name=ADB>{{cite web |url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A050212b.htm |title=Macleay, Sir William John (1820 - 1891)  |accessdate=2009-10-01 |author=Michael Hoare, Martha Rutledge |work=[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]], Volume 5 |publisher=[[Melbourne University Press|MUP]] |year=1974 |pages=185–187}}</ref> was an [[Australia]]n [[politician]], [[Natural history|naturalist]], [[zoologist]], and [[Herpetology|herpetologist]].
+{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
+{{Use Australian English|date=June 2015}}
+{{Infobox artist
+| honorific_prefix = Sir
+| name             = William John Macleay
+| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|country=GBR|MLC}}
+| image            = WJ Macleay SLNSW J Hubert.jpg
+| image_size       =
+| alt              =
+| caption          = Portrait by J. Hubert, c. 1890
+| native_name      =
+| native_name_lang =
+| birth_name       = <!-- only use if different than name -->
+| birth_date       = 13 June 1820
+| birth_place      = [[Wick, Caithness|Wick]], Scotland
+| death_date       = 7 December 1891
+| death_place      = Sydney, Australia
+| resting_place    =
+| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
+| nationality      =
+| education        =
+| alma_mater       =
+| known_for        = Politician, [[naturalist]]
+| notable_works    =
+| style            =
+| movement         =
+| spouse           =
+| awards           = <!-- {{awd|award|year|title|role|name}} (optional) -->
+| elected          =
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+| module           =
+}}
+'''Sir William John Macleay''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MLC}} (13 June 1820 – 7 December 1891)<ref name=ADB>{{cite AuDB |id2=macleay-sir-william-john-4125 |title=Macleay, Sir William John (1820–1891) |access-date=20 August 2019 |last1=Hoare |first1=Michael |last2=Rutledge |first2=Martha |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> was a [[Scot]]tish-Australian politician, [[naturalist]], [[zoologist]], and [[herpetologist]].
 ==Early life==
-Macleay was born at [[Wick, Highland|Wick]], [[Caithness]], [[Scotland]], second son of Kenneth Macleay of Keiss and his wife Barbara, ''née'' Horne.<ref name=ADB/> Macleay was educated at the [[Edinburgh Academy]] 1834–36 and then to studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]]; but when he was 18 years old his widowed mother died, and he decided to go to [[Australia]] with his cousin, [[William Sharp MacLeay]]. They arrived at [[Sydney]] in March 1839 on the ''Royal George''. William Macleay took up land at first near [[Goulburn, New South Wales|Goulburn]], and afterwards on the [[Murrumbidgee River]].<ref>{{Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=William John|Last=Macleay|Link=http://gutenberg.net.au/dictbiog/0-dict-biogMc.html#macleay3|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref>
+Macleay was born at [[Wick, Highland|Wick]], Caithness, [[Scotland]], second son of Kenneth Macleay of Keiss and his wife Barbara, ''née'' Horne.<ref name=ADB/> Macleay was educated at the [[Edinburgh Academy]] 1834–36 and then to studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]]; but when he was 18 years old his widowed mother died, and he decided to go to Australia with his cousin, [[William Sharp MacLeay]]. They arrived at [[Sydney]] in March 1839 on [[HMS Royal George (1827)|HMS ''Royal George'']]. William Macleay took up land at first near [[Goulburn, New South Wales|Goulburn]], and afterwards on the [[Murrumbidgee River]].<ref>{{Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=William John|Last=Macleay|shortlink=0-dict-biogMc.html#macleay3|access-date=2009-10-01}}</ref>
+He is noted as the last of the naturalists in a family active in this field; his uncle was [[Alexander Macleay]],  [[Colonial Secretary of New South Wales]] from 1826 to 1836, and a member and fellow of societies concerned with the flora and fauna of the empire's colonies.<ref name="Frodin1990">{{cite book |last1=Frodin |first1=D.G. |author-link1=D.G. Frodin |title=History of systematic botany in Australasia : proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Melbourne, 25-27 May 1988 |date=1990 |publisher=Australian Systematic Botany Society |location=Melbourne |isbn=073168463X |page=196 |chapter=New Guinea botany: Explorers. institutions and outside influences: botany north of Thursday}}</ref>
 ==Political career==
-On 1 March 1855<ref name=NSWp>[http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/members.nsf/0/DDCA3D2EF0D2DDD3CA256E44008250F8 Sir William John MACLEAY (1820 - 1891)] Parliament of New South Wales</ref> Macleay was elected to the old [[New South Wales Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] as member for the Lachlan and Lower Darling Pastoral District. After responsible government, on 19 April 1856<ref name=NSWp/> Macleay was elected to the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Electoral district of Lachlan and Lower Darling|Lachlan and Lower Darling]] serving until 11 April 1859. From 1860–1874 he represented [[Electoral district of Murrumbidgee|Murrumbidgee]] in the Assembly.<ref name=NSWp/>
+On 1 March 1855 Macleay was elected to the old [[New South Wales Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] as member for the [[Electoral district of Pastoral Districts of Lachlan and Lower Darling|Lachlan and Lower Darling Pastoral District]]. After responsible government, on 19 April 1856 Macleay was elected to the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Electoral district of Lachlan and Lower Darling|Lachlan and Lower Darling]] serving until 11 April 1859. From 1860 to 1874 he represented [[Electoral district of Murrumbidgee|Murrumbidgee]] in the Assembly.<ref name="William Macleay NSW Parl">{{Cite NSW Parliament |id=502 |name=Sir William John Macleay (1820-1891) |former=Yes |access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref>
 ==Zoological career==
-Macleay lived in Sydney from 1857, the year he was married to Susan Emmeline Deas-Thomson, and was now able to develop his interest in science. He had made a small collection of insects, and in 1861 began to extend it considerably. In April 1862 a meeting was held at his house and it was decided to found a local Entomological Society. Macleay was elected president and held the position for two years. The society lasted 11 years and, not only was Macleay the author of the largest number of papers, he also bore most of the expense. He had succeeded to the Macleay collection on the death of W. S. Macleay in 1865, and in 1874 decided to extend it from an entomological collection into a zoological collection. Also in 1874 the [[Linnean Society of New South Wales]] was founded, of which Macleay was elected the first president, and in May 1875, having fitted up the barque ''Chevert'', he sailed for [[New Guinea]], where he obtained what he described as "a vast and valuable collection" of zoological specimens.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Macleay, William |first=William Arthur Jobson|last= Archbold|volume=35}}</ref>
+Macleay lived in Sydney from 1857, the year he was married to Susan Emmeline Deas-Thomson, daughter of  Colonial Secretary and politician, [[Edward Deas Thomson|Edward Deas-Thomson]], and was now able to develop his interest in science. He had made a small collection of insects, and in 1861 began to extend it considerably. In April 1862 a meeting was held at his house and it was decided to found a local Entomological Society. Macleay was elected president and held the position for two years. The society lasted 11 years and, not only was Macleay the author of the largest number of papers, he also bore most of the expense. He had succeeded to the Macleay collection on the death of W. S. Macleay in 1865, and in 1874 decided to extend it from an entomological collection into a zoological collection. Also in 1874 the [[Linnean Society of New South Wales]] was founded, of which Macleay was elected the first president, and in May 1875, having fitted up the barque ''Chevert'', he sailed for [[New Guinea]], where he obtained what he described as "a vast and valuable collection" of zoological specimens.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Macleay, William |first=William Arthur Jobson|last= Archbold|volume=35}}</ref>
 After his return from New Guinea, Macleay fostered the Linnean Society. He presented many books and materials for scientific work to it, however all were destroyed when the [[Garden Palace]] was burnt down in September 1882. In spite of this blow the society continued on its way and gradually built up another library. In 1885 Macleay erected a building for the use of the society in Ithaca road, [[Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales|Elizabeth Bay]], and endowed it with the sum of £14,000. He had contributed several papers to the ''Proceedings'' of the society, and in 1881 his two-volume ''Descriptive Catalogue of Australian Fishes'' was published. Three years later a Supplement to this catalogue appeared, and in the same year his ''Census of Australian Snakes'' was reprinted from the ''Proceedings''. Macleay had hoped to make a descriptive catalogue of the [[Dipterous]] insects of Australia, but his health began to fail and it was not completed.
 ==Legacy==
-Macleay realized that a lot could be done to prevent diseases like [[typhoid fever]] and strongly urged the appointment of a government [[Bacteriology|bacteriologist]]. Receiving little support he eventually left £12,000 to the [[University of Sydney]] for the foundation of a chair or lectureship in bacteriology, but this was rejected by the university senate due to the conditions of the bequest and the money went to the Linnean Society.<ref name=ADB/> Nearly 40 years later a professorship in bacteriology was established from the [[George Henry Bosch|Bosch]] fund. In 1890 the government having provided a building in the university grounds he handed the valuable Macleay collection to the university, together with an endowment of £6000 to provide for the salary of a curator. Macleay died on 7 December 1891; his wife survived him and died in 1903, there were no children. Macleay was knighted in 1889. By his will Macleay left £6000 to the Linnean Society for general purposes and after his wife died, £35,000 was given to the Linnean Society to provide four Linnean Macleay fellowships of £400 per annum each, to encourage and advance research in natural science.<ref name=ADB/>
+Macleay realised  that a lot could be done to prevent diseases like [[typhoid fever]] and strongly urged the appointment of a government [[bacteriologist]]. Receiving little support he eventually left £12,000 to the [[University of Sydney]] for the foundation of a chair or lectureship in bacteriology, but this was rejected by the university senate due to the conditions of the bequest and the money went to the Linnean Society.<ref name=ADB/> Nearly 40 years later a professorship in bacteriology was established from the [[George Henry Bosch|Bosch]] fund. In 1890 the government having provided a building in the university grounds he handed the valuable Macleay collection to the university, together with an endowment of £6000 to provide for the salary of a curator. Macleay was knighted in 1889. He died on 7 December 1891; his wife, Susan, died in 1903 and there were no children. Macleay left £6000 to the Linnean Society for general purposes and after his wife died, £35,000 was given to the Linnean Society to provide four Linnean Macleay fellowships of £400 per annum each, to encourage and advance research in natural science.<ref name=ADB/>
+==See also==
+*[[:Category:Taxa named by William John Macleay]]
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
 ==External links==
+*{{Internet Archive author |sname=William John Macleay |sopt=t}}
-*[http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1462037 Macleay, Sir, William John (1820-1891)] National Library of Australia, ''Trove, People and Organisation'' record for Sir William John Macleay
+*1884-1887; Letters received by Sir William John Macleay. Correspondents include Sir George Macleay, Sir [[Charles Nicholson]], [[Henry Nottidge Moseley]], [[George Barnard (zoologist)|George Barnard]], [[Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay|Nikolai de Miklouho-Maclay]]. Also includes Macleay's commission as captain of the Sydney Volunteer Artillery in 1866 and undated biographical notes, Macleay family - papers, 1811-1887, 1920-1929, 1983-1988, [[State Library of New South Wales]], [https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1cvjue2/ADLIB110073543 MLMSS 6116]
+*[https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1462037 Macleay, Sir, William John (1820-1891)] National Library of Australia, ''Trove, People and Organisation'' record for Sir William John Macleay
+&nbsp;
 {{S-start}}
-{{s-par|au-nsw}}
+{{s-par | au-nsw-lc}}
+{{s-bef| before= [[William Macarthur]]}}
-{{succession box | title=Member for [[Electoral district of Lachlan and Lower Darling|Lachlan and Lower Darling]] | before=New seat | after=Abolished | years=1856 &ndash; 1859 | alongside=[[James Garland (Australian politician)|Garland]]/[[John Paterson (Australian politician)|Paterson]]}}
+{{s-ttl
+ | title = Member for the [[Electoral district of Pastoral Districts of Lachlan and Lower Darling|Pastoral Districts of<br>Lachlan and Lower Darling]]
+ | years=Mar 1855{{spaced en dash}}Feb 1856}}
+{{s-non |reason=Council abolished}}
+{{s-par|au-nsw-la}}
+{{s-new|parliament}}
+{{s-ttl | title=Member for [[Electoral district of Lachlan and Lower Darling|Lachlan and Lower Darling]] | years=1856 &ndash; 1859 | alongside=[[James Garland (Australian politician)|Garland]]/[[John Paterson (Australian politician)|Paterson]]}}
+{{s-non| reason=district abolished}}
 {{succession box | title=Member for [[Electoral district of Murrumbidgee|Murrumbidgee]] | before=[[John Hay (New South Wales politician)|John Hay]] <br> [[George Macleay]] | after=[[William Forster (Australian politician)|William Forster]] | years=1860 &ndash; 1874}}
 {{S-end}}
-{{Authority control|VIAF=77095612}}
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Macleay, William John
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Australian politician
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 13 June 1820
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 7 December 1891
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Macleay, William John}}
 [[Category:1820 births]]
@@ Line 45: / Line 86: @@
 [[Category:Australian zoologists]]
 [[Category:Australian people of Scottish descent]]
+[[Category:People educated at Edinburgh Academy]]
 [[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
+[[Category:Australian Knights Bachelor]]
+[[Category:19th-century Australian politicians]]
+[[Category:Macleay family]]

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