1926 Polish presidential elections: Difference between revisions

1926 Polish presidential elections
	May election
President before election; Stanisław Wojciechowski; PSL	Elected President ; Maciej Rataj (acting); PSL
	June election
President before election; Maciej Rataj (acting); PSL	Elected President ; Ignacy Mościcki; Independent

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Two presidential elections were held in Poland in 1926. They followed the May Coup, which forced President Stanisław Wojciechowski and Prime Minister Wincenty Witos to resign and gave effective power to coup leader, Marshal Józef Piłsudski.

According to then Constitution President was elected by joint houses of Sejm and Senate (National Assembly).

31 May

There were two candidates: Piłsudski and supported by the National Democracy, Christian Democracy and Piast Adolf Bniński, Voivode of Poznań. Several other politicians were mentioned to run, most notably ousted President Wojciechowski, Sejm Marshal and now Acting President Maciej Rataj (Polish People's Party "Piast") and Senate Marshal Wojciech Trąmpczyński (National Democracy), but they declined to run.

Piłsudski was endorsed by left-wing groups and Biński was endorsed by National Democracy.

Piłsudski defeated Biński in a single round:


Candidate	Votes	%
Józef Piłsudski	292	60.21
Adolf Bniński	193	39.79
Total	485	100.00

However, following his election, Piłsudski refused to accept the presidency.

1 June

Pro-Piłsudskiite candidate selection

Ignacy Mościcki
Pro-Piłsudskiite camp

Chemist

Potential candidates
Ignacy Mościcki	Artur Śliwiński	Zdzisław Lubomirski	Marian Zdziechowski

Chemist	Prime Minister of Poland (1922)	Mayor of Warsaw (1916-1917)	Philosopher

Following Piłsudski's refusal to accept the mantle of the presidency, four candidates were considered to replace him: Artur Śliwiński, Zdzisław Lubomirski, Ignacy Mościcki and Marian Zdziechowski. Śliwiński was a former Prime Minister, who failed to form a government with confidence of the Sejm, by 1926 he had become the director of the City Theater in Warsaw. Lubomirski and Zdziechowski, the most serious rivals to Mościcki, belonged to the "old conservative" movement. Lubomirski was a former Mayor of Warsaw and leader of the Regency Council in the Regency Kingdom of Poland, while Zdziechowski was a famous professor and political thinker. The possibility of their candidacies was eclipsed by Mościcki due to the initiative of incumbent Prime Minister Kazimierz Bartel. Mościcki was rather inexperienced in politics, as he was primarily a professional chemist. His political experience was limited to being a rank and file member in the illegal Polish socialist movement during the 19th century in the Russian partition, so he was assumed to be mostly a loyalist to Piłsudski.^[1]

Election

The Polish Socialist Party, who had previously supported Piłsudski, filed their candidate - Sejm Caucus Chair Zygmunt Marek, a man who had officially nominated Piłsudski a day earlier. Bniński ran again.


Candidate	First round		Second round
Candidate	Votes	%	Votes	%
Ignacy Mościcki	215	44.61	281	58.30
Adolf Bniński	211	43.78	200	41.49
Zygmunt Marek	56	11.62	1	0.21
Total	482	100.00	482	100.00

Mościcki accepted his election.

References

Zygmunt Kaczmarek, Trzej prezydenci II Rzeczypospolitej, Instytut Wydawniczy Związków Zawodowych, Warszawa 1988

^ Cat-Mackiewicz, Stanisław (2012). Historia Polski od 11 listopada 1918 do 17 września 1939. Universitas. ISBN 97883-242-3740-1.

[1] Cat-Mackiewicz, Stanisław (2012). Historia Polski od 11 listopada 1918 do 17 września 1939. Universitas. ISBN 97883-242-3740-1.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}}
 {{Infobox election
 | election_name = 1926 Polish presidential elections
 | country = Poland
+| flag_year = 1919
 | module = {{Infobox election
 | embed = yes
@@ Line 13: / Line 15: @@
 | election_date = 31 May 1926
-| image1 = Jozef Pilsudski1.jpg
+| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Jozef Pilsudski1.jpg|bSize = 130|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 5|oLeft = 0}}
 | nominee1 = '''[[Józef Piłsudski]]'''
-| party1 =
+| party1 = Independent politician
 | electoral_vote1 = '''292'''
 | percentage1 = '''60.21%'''
+| color1=
-| image2 = Adolf Bninski.jpg
+| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Adolf Bninski.jpg|bSize = 140|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 11}}
 | nominee2 = [[Adolf Bniński]]
+| party2 = [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]
-| party2 =
 | electoral_vote2 = 193
 | percentage2 = 39.79%
+| color2 = {{party color|Popular National Union}}
 | title = [[President of Poland|President]]
-| posttitle = [[President of Poland|President]]
 | before_election = [[Stanisław Wojciechowski]]
 | before_party = [[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|PSL]]
@@ Line 42: / Line 45: @@
 | type = presidential
+| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg|bSize = 150|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 11|oLeft = 17}}
-| image1 = Mościcki portret.jpg
 | nominee1 = '''[[Ignacy Mościcki]]'''
-| party1 =
+| party1 = Independent politician
-| colour1=
 | electoral_vote1 = '''281'''
 | percentage1 = '''58.30%'''
+| color1=
-| image2 = Adolf Bninski.jpg
+| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Adolf Bninski.jpg|bSize = 140|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 11}}
 | nominee2 = [[Adolf Bniński]]
+| party2 = [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]
-| party2 =
-| colour2 =
 | electoral_vote2 = 200
 | percentage2 = 41.49%
+| color2 = {{party color|Popular National Union}}
 | title = [[President of Poland|President]]
-| posttitle = [[President of Poland|President]]
 | before_election = [[Maciej Rataj]] ([[Acting President of Poland|acting]])
 | before_party = [[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|PSL]]
@@ Line 71: / Line 73: @@
 There were two candidates: Piłsudski and supported by the National Democracy, Christian Democracy and Piast [[Adolf Bniński]], [[Voivode]] of [[Poznań]]. Several other politicians were mentioned to run, most notably ousted President Wojciechowski, [[Sejm Marshal]] and now [[Acting President of the Republic of Poland|Acting President]] [[Maciej Rataj]] ([[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|Polish People's Party "Piast"]]) and Senate Marshal [[Wojciech Trąmpczyński]] ([[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]), but they declined to run.
-Piłsudski was endorsed by left-wing groups and Biński was endorsed by [[national Democracy (Poland)|national democracy]].
+Piłsudski was endorsed by left-wing groups and Biński was endorsed by [[national Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]].
 Piłsudski defeated Biński in a single round:
@@ Line 79: / Line 81: @@
 |cand2=[[Adolf Bniński]]|votes2=193
 }}
+However, following his election, Piłsudski refused to accept the presidency.
 ==1 June==
+===Pro-Piłsudskiite candidate selection===
-Piłsudski, now President-elect, declined to take office due to minor powers vested by the constitution.  He proposed the candidacy of politically unknown [[Ignacy Mościcki]], a well known [[chemist]].  Due to Mościcki's lack of experience and his devotion to Piłsudski, this move assured loyalty of the next President to the de facto leader.
+{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
+|-
+| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|
+<big>'''[[Sanation|Pro-Piłsudskiite camp]]'''</big>
+|-
+! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#DCDCDC ; width:200px;"| [[Ignacy Mościcki|{{color|black|Ignacy Mościcki}}]]
+|-
+|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg|bSize = 250|cWidth = 140|cHeight = 180|oTop = 18|oLeft = 55|Location=center}}
+|-
+| Chemist
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
+! colspan="11" style="text-align:center; width:150px; font-size:120%; color:black;" |''Potential candidates''
+|- style="text-align:center"
+! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%; background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" |<small>Ignacy Mościcki</small>
+! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%; background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" |<small>Artur Śliwiński</small>
+! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%; background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" |<small>Zdzisław Lubomirski</small>
+! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%; background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" |<small>Marian Zdziechowski</small>
+|- style="text-align:center"
+|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg|bSize = 150|cWidth = 84|cHeight = 108|oTop = 11|oLeft = 33|Location=center}}
+|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Sliwinski.png|bSize = 255|cWidth = 84|cHeight = 108|oTop = 57|oLeft = 81|Location=center}}
+|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Książę Zdzisław Lubomirski.png|bSize = 185|cWidth = 84|cHeight = 108|oTop = 42|oLeft = 52|Location=center}}
+|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Marian Zdziechowski 1933.png|bSize = 141|cWidth = 84|cHeight = 108|oTop = 13|oLeft = 22|Location=center}}
+|- style="text-align:center"
+| Chemist
+| [[Prime Minister of Poland]]<br />{{small|(1922)}}
+| [[Mayor of Warsaw]]<br />{{small|(1916-1917)}}
+| Philosopher
+|}
+Following Piłsudski's refusal to accept the mantle of the presidency, four candidates were considered to replace him: [[Artur Śliwiński]], [[Zdzisław Lubomirski]], [[Ignacy Mościcki]] and [[Marian Zdziechowski]]. Śliwiński was a former Prime Minister, who failed to form a government with confidence of the Sejm, by 1926 he had become the director of the City Theater in Warsaw. Lubomirski and Zdziechowski, the most serious rivals to Mościcki, belonged to the "[[:pl:Stańczycy|old conservative]]" movement. Lubomirski was a former Mayor of Warsaw and leader of the [[Regency Council (Poland)|Regency Council]] in the [[Kingdom of Poland (1917-1918)|Regency Kingdom of Poland]], while Zdziechowski was a famous professor and political thinker. The possibility of their candidacies was eclipsed by Mościcki due to the initiative of incumbent Prime Minister [[Kazimierz Bartel]]. Mościcki was rather inexperienced in politics, as he was primarily a professional chemist. His political experience was limited to being a rank and file member in the illegal Polish socialist movement during the 19th century in the [[Congress Poland|Russian partition]], so he was assumed to be mostly a loyalist to Piłsudski.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cat-Mackiewicz |first=Stanisław |date=2012 |title=Historia Polski od 11 listopada 1918 do 17 września 1939 |publisher=Universitas |isbn=97883-242-3740-1}}</ref>
+===Election===
-The [[Polish Socialist Party]], who had previously supported Piłsudski, filed their candidate:- Sejm Caucus Chair [[Zygmunt Marek]], a man who had officially nominated Piłsudski a day earlier. Bniński ran again.
+The [[Polish Socialist Party]], who had previously supported Piłsudski, filed their candidate - Sejm Caucus Chair [[Zygmunt Marek]], a man who had officially nominated Piłsudski a day earlier. Bniński ran again.
 {{Election results
@@ Line 95: / Line 133: @@
 ==References==
 *Zygmunt Kaczmarek, ''Trzej prezydenci II Rzeczypospolitej'', Instytut Wydawniczy Związków Zawodowych, Warszawa 1988
+{{reflist}}
 {{Polish presidential elections}}

v t e Polish presidential elections
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