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{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Ignacy Moscicki.jpg|thumb|150px|Professor [[Ignacy Mościcki]] was elected (and accepted) in place of Piłsudski]]

Two presidential elections were held in [[Poland]] in 1926. They followed the [[May Coup (Poland)|May Coup]], which forced President [[Stanisław Wojciechowski]] and [[Prime Minister of Poland|Prime Minister]] [[Wincenty Witos]] to resign and gave effective power to coup leader, [[Marshal of Poland|Marshal]] [[Józef Piłsudski]].

According to then [[March Constitution of Poland|Constitution]] President was elected by joint houses of [[Sejm]] and [[Polish Senate|Senate]] (National Assembly).

==31 May==
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name = First 1926 Polish presidential election
| election_name = 1926 Polish presidential elections
| country = Poland
| country = Poland
| flag_year = 1919
| module = {{Infobox election
| embed = yes
| election_name = May election

| type = presidential
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = Polish presidential election, 1922 (special)
| previous_election = 1922 Polish presidential elections
| previous_year = 1922
| previous_year = 1922
| next_election = June 1926 Polish presidential election
| next_year = June 1926
| next_year = 1926
| election_date = 31 May 1926
| election_date = 31 May 1926


| image1 = [[File:Jozef Pilsudski1.jpg|150x150px]]
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Jozef Pilsudski1.jpg|bSize = 130|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 5|oLeft = 0}}
| nominee1 = [[Józef Piłsudski]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Józef Piłsudski]]'''
| party1 = Independent politician
| party1 = Independent politician
| electoral_vote1 = '''292'''
| colour1 = DD0000
| percentage1 = '''60.21%'''
| popular_vote1 = 292
| color1=
| percentage1 = 60.2%


| image2 = [[File:Adolf Bninski.jpg|150x150px]]
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Adolf Bninski.jpg|bSize = 140|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 11}}
| nominee2 = [[Adolf Bniński]]
| nominee2 = [[Adolf Bniński]]
| party2 = [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]
| party2 = Independent politician
| electoral_vote2 = 193
| colour2 = 808080
| popular_vote2 = 193
| percentage2 = 39.79%
| color2 = {{party color|Popular National Union}}
| percentage2 = 39.8%


| title = [[President of Poland|President]]
| title = [[President of Poland|President]]
| posttitle = [[President of Poland|President]]
| before_election = [[Stanisław Wojciechowski]]
| before_election = [[Stanisław Wojciechowski]]
| before_party = Polish People's Party
| before_party = [[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|PSL]]
| after_election = [[Maciej Rataj]] ([[Acting President of Poland|acting]])
| after_election = [[Maciej Rataj]] ([[Acting President of Poland|acting]])
| after_party = Polish People's Party
| after_party = [[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|PSL]]
}}


| module = {{Infobox election
There were two candidates: Piłsudski and supported by the National Democracy, Christian Democracy and Piast [[Adolf Bniński]], [[Voivode]] of [[Poznań]]. Several other politicians were mentioned to run, most notably ousted President Wojciechowski, [[Sejm Marshal]] and now [[Acting President of the Republic of Poland|Acting President]] [[Maciej Rataj]] ([[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|Polish People's Party "Piast"]]) and Senate Marshal [[Wojciech Trąmpczyński]] ([[National Democracy]]), but they declined to run.
| embed = yes
| election_name = June election
| previous_election =
| previous_year = May 1926
| next_election = 1933 Polish presidential election
| next_year = 1933
| election_date = 1 June 1926
| type = presidential


| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg|bSize = 150|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 11|oLeft = 17}}
Piłsudski defeated Biński in a single round:
| nominee1 = '''[[Ignacy Mościcki]]'''
| party1 = Independent politician
| electoral_vote1 = '''281'''
| percentage1 = '''58.30%'''
| color1=


| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Adolf Bninski.jpg|bSize = 140|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 150|oTop = 0|oLeft = 11}}
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
| nominee2 = [[Adolf Bniński]]
!Candidate
| party2 = [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]
!Votes
| electoral_vote2 = 200
!%
| percentage2 = 41.49%
|-
| color2 = {{party color|Popular National Union}}
|align=left|[[Józef Piłsudski]]||292||60.2
|-
|align=left|[[Adolf Bniński]]||193||39.8
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''485'''||'''100'''
|}


| title = [[President of Poland|President]]
==1 June==
| before_election = [[Maciej Rataj]] ([[Acting President of Poland|acting]])
Piłsudski, now President-elect, declined to take office due to minor powers vested by the constitution. He proposed the candidacy of politically unknown [[Ignacy Mościcki]], a well known [[chemist]]. Due to Mościcki's lack of experience and his devotion to Piłsudski, this move assured loyalty of the next President to the de facto leader.
| before_party = [[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|PSL]]
| after_election = [[Ignacy Mościcki]]
| after_party = Independent politician
}}}}}}[[File:Ignacy Moscicki.jpg|thumb|150px|Professor [[Ignacy Mościcki]] was elected (and accepted) in place of Piłsudski]]
Two presidential elections were held in [[Poland]] in 1926. They followed the [[May Coup (Poland)|May Coup]], which forced President [[Stanisław Wojciechowski]] and [[Prime Minister of Poland|Prime Minister]] [[Wincenty Witos]] to resign and gave effective power to coup leader, [[Marshal of Poland|Marshal]] [[Józef Piłsudski]].


According to then [[March Constitution of Poland|Constitution]] President was elected by joint houses of [[Sejm]] and [[Polish Senate|Senate]] (National Assembly).
The [[Polish Socialist Party]], who had previously supported Piłsudski, filed their candidate:- Sejm Caucus Chair [[Zygmunt Marek]], a man who had officially nominated Piłsudski a day earlier. Bniński ran again.


==31 May==
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right

!rowspan=2|Candidate
There were two candidates: Piłsudski and supported by the National Democracy, Christian Democracy and Piast [[Adolf Bniński]], [[Voivode]] of [[Poznań]]. Several other politicians were mentioned to run, most notably ousted President Wojciechowski, [[Sejm Marshal]] and now [[Acting President of the Republic of Poland|Acting President]] [[Maciej Rataj]] ([[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|Polish People's Party "Piast"]]) and Senate Marshal [[Wojciech Trąmpczyński]] ([[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]), but they declined to run.
!colspan=2|First round

!colspan=2|Second round
Piłsudski was endorsed by left-wing groups and Biński was endorsed by [[national Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]].

Piłsudski defeated Biński in a single round:

{{Election results
|cand1=[[Józef Piłsudski]]|votes1=292
|cand2=[[Adolf Bniński]]|votes2=193
}}

However, following his election, Piłsudski refused to accept the presidency.

==1 June==
===Pro-Piłsudskiite candidate selection===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|
!Votes
<big>'''[[Sanation|Pro-Piłsudskiite camp]]'''</big>
!%
!Votes
!%
|-
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#DCDCDC ; width:200px;"| [[Ignacy Mościcki|{{color|black|Ignacy Mościcki}}]]
|align=left|[[Ignacy Mościcki]]||215||44.6||281||58.3
|-
|-
|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg|bSize = 250|cWidth = 140|cHeight = 180|oTop = 18|oLeft = 55|Location=center}}
|align=left|[[Adolf Bniński]]||211||43.8||200||41.5
|-
|-
| Chemist
|align=left|[[Zygmunt Marek]]||56||11.6||1||0.2
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''482'''||'''100'''||'''482'''||'''100'''
|}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
! colspan="11" style="text-align:center; width:150px; font-size:120%; color:black;" |''Potential candidates''
|- style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%; background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" |<small>Ignacy Mościcki</small>
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%; background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" |<small>Artur Śliwiński</small>
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%; background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" |<small>Zdzisław Lubomirski</small>
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%; background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" |<small>Marian Zdziechowski</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg|bSize = 150|cWidth = 84|cHeight = 108|oTop = 11|oLeft = 33|Location=center}}
|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Sliwinski.png|bSize = 255|cWidth = 84|cHeight = 108|oTop = 57|oLeft = 81|Location=center}}
|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Książę Zdzisław Lubomirski.png|bSize = 185|cWidth = 84|cHeight = 108|oTop = 42|oLeft = 52|Location=center}}
|style="text-align:center"|{{CSS image crop|Image = Marian Zdziechowski 1933.png|bSize = 141|cWidth = 84|cHeight = 108|oTop = 13|oLeft = 22|Location=center}}
|- style="text-align:center"
| Chemist
| [[Prime Minister of Poland]]<br />{{small|(1922)}}
| [[Mayor of Warsaw]]<br />{{small|(1916-1917)}}
| Philosopher
|}

Following Piłsudski's refusal to accept the mantle of the presidency, four candidates were considered to replace him: [[Artur Śliwiński]], [[Zdzisław Lubomirski]], [[Ignacy Mościcki]] and [[Marian Zdziechowski]]. Śliwiński was a former Prime Minister, who failed to form a government with confidence of the Sejm, by 1926 he had become the director of the City Theater in Warsaw. Lubomirski and Zdziechowski, the most serious rivals to Mościcki, belonged to the "[[:pl:Stańczycy|old conservative]]" movement. Lubomirski was a former Mayor of Warsaw and leader of the [[Regency Council (Poland)|Regency Council]] in the [[Kingdom of Poland (1917-1918)|Regency Kingdom of Poland]], while Zdziechowski was a famous professor and political thinker. The possibility of their candidacies was eclipsed by Mościcki due to the initiative of incumbent Prime Minister [[Kazimierz Bartel]]. Mościcki was rather inexperienced in politics, as he was primarily a professional chemist. His political experience was limited to being a rank and file member in the illegal Polish socialist movement during the 19th century in the [[Congress Poland|Russian partition]], so he was assumed to be mostly a loyalist to Piłsudski.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cat-Mackiewicz |first=Stanisław |date=2012 |title=Historia Polski od 11 listopada 1918 do 17 września 1939 |publisher=Universitas |isbn=97883-242-3740-1}}</ref>

===Election===

The [[Polish Socialist Party]], who had previously supported Piłsudski, filed their candidate - Sejm Caucus Chair [[Zygmunt Marek]], a man who had officially nominated Piłsudski a day earlier. Bniński ran again.

{{Election results
|cand1=[[Ignacy Mościcki]]|votes1=215|votes1_2=281
|cand2=[[Adolf Bniński]]|votes2=211|votes2_2=200
|cand3=[[Zygmunt Marek]]|votes3=56|votes3_2=1
}}


Mościcki accepted his election.
Mościcki accepted his election.
Line 83: Line 133:
==References==
==References==
*Zygmunt Kaczmarek, ''Trzej prezydenci II Rzeczypospolitej'', Instytut Wydawniczy Związków Zawodowych, Warszawa 1988
*Zygmunt Kaczmarek, ''Trzej prezydenci II Rzeczypospolitej'', Instytut Wydawniczy Związków Zawodowych, Warszawa 1988
{{reflist}}


{{Polish elections}}
{{Polish presidential elections}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Presidential elections in Poland|1926]]
[[Category:Presidential elections in Poland]]
[[Category:1926 in Poland]]
[[Category:1926 in Poland]]
[[Category:1926 elections in Europe]]
[[Category:1926 elections in Europe|Poland]]
[[Category:May 1926 events]]
[[Category:June 1926 events]]

Latest revision as of 22:01, 21 July 2024

1926 Polish presidential elections
May election
← 1922 31 May 1926 June 1926 →
 
Jozef Pilsudski1.jpg
Adolf Bninski.jpg
Nominee Józef Piłsudski Adolf Bniński
Party Independent National Democracy
Electoral vote 292 193
Percentage 60.21% 39.79%
President before election

Stanisław Wojciechowski
PSL

Elected President

Maciej Rataj (acting)
PSL

June election
← May 1926 1 June 1926 1933 →
 
Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg
Adolf Bninski.jpg
Nominee Ignacy Mościcki Adolf Bniński
Party Independent National Democracy
Electoral vote 281 200
Percentage 58.30% 41.49%
President before election

Maciej Rataj (acting)
PSL

Elected President

Ignacy Mościcki
Independent

Professor Ignacy Mościcki was elected (and accepted) in place of Piłsudski

Two presidential elections were held in Poland in 1926. They followed the May Coup, which forced President Stanisław Wojciechowski and Prime Minister Wincenty Witos to resign and gave effective power to coup leader, Marshal Józef Piłsudski.

According to then Constitution President was elected by joint houses of Sejm and Senate (National Assembly).

31 May

[edit]

There were two candidates: Piłsudski and supported by the National Democracy, Christian Democracy and Piast Adolf Bniński, Voivode of Poznań. Several other politicians were mentioned to run, most notably ousted President Wojciechowski, Sejm Marshal and now Acting President Maciej Rataj (Polish People's Party "Piast") and Senate Marshal Wojciech Trąmpczyński (National Democracy), but they declined to run.

Piłsudski was endorsed by left-wing groups and Biński was endorsed by National Democracy.

Piłsudski defeated Biński in a single round:

CandidateVotes%
Józef Piłsudski29260.21
Adolf Bniński19339.79
Total485100.00

However, following his election, Piłsudski refused to accept the presidency.

1 June

[edit]

Pro-Piłsudskiite candidate selection

[edit]

Pro-Piłsudskiite camp

Ignacy Mościcki
Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg
Chemist
Potential candidates
Ignacy Mościcki Artur Śliwiński Zdzisław Lubomirski Marian Zdziechowski
Ignace Moscicki LCCN2014717149.jpg
Sliwinski.png
Książę Zdzisław Lubomirski.png
Marian Zdziechowski 1933.png
Chemist Prime Minister of Poland
(1922) 		Mayor of Warsaw
(1916-1917) 		Philosopher

Following Piłsudski's refusal to accept the mantle of the presidency, four candidates were considered to replace him: Artur Śliwiński, Zdzisław Lubomirski, Ignacy Mościcki and Marian Zdziechowski. Śliwiński was a former Prime Minister, who failed to form a government with confidence of the Sejm, by 1926 he had become the director of the City Theater in Warsaw. Lubomirski and Zdziechowski, the most serious rivals to Mościcki, belonged to the "old conservative" movement. Lubomirski was a former Mayor of Warsaw and leader of the Regency Council in the Regency Kingdom of Poland, while Zdziechowski was a famous professor and political thinker. The possibility of their candidacies was eclipsed by Mościcki due to the initiative of incumbent Prime Minister Kazimierz Bartel. Mościcki was rather inexperienced in politics, as he was primarily a professional chemist. His political experience was limited to being a rank and file member in the illegal Polish socialist movement during the 19th century in the Russian partition, so he was assumed to be mostly a loyalist to Piłsudski.[1]

Election

[edit]

The Polish Socialist Party, who had previously supported Piłsudski, filed their candidate - Sejm Caucus Chair Zygmunt Marek, a man who had officially nominated Piłsudski a day earlier. Bniński ran again.

CandidateFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Ignacy Mościcki21544.6128158.30
Adolf Bniński21143.7820041.49
Zygmunt Marek5611.6210.21
Total482100.00482100.00

Mościcki accepted his election.

References

[edit]
  • Zygmunt Kaczmarek, Trzej prezydenci II Rzeczypospolitej, Instytut Wydawniczy Związków Zawodowych, Warszawa 1988
  1. ^ Cat-Mackiewicz, Stanisław (2012). Historia Polski od 11 listopada 1918 do 17 września 1939. Universitas. ISBN 97883-242-3740-1.
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