I.Ae. 34 Clen Antú: Difference between revisions

Clen Antú
	I.Ae.34 Clen Antú
Role	Tailless glider
National origin	Argentina
Manufacturer	Instituto Aerotecnico, Cordoba
Designer	Reimar Horten
First flight	20 June 1949
Number built	6

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The I.Ae. 34 Clen Antú, sometimes known as the Horten XVa after its designer Reimar Horten, was a two-seat tailless glider built in Argentina. Two single-seat variants competed unsuccessfully in the 1952 World Gliding Championships.

Design and development

Between 1946 and 1956 the Fabrica Miitar de Aviones of Córdoba, Argentina was known as the Instituto Aerotecnico (I.Ae.).^[1] During that immediately post-World War II period, it had on its staff several designers who had worked with the Nazi regime. These included Émile Dewoitine, Kurt Tank and Reimar Horten, the latter best known with his brother for their interest in tailless aircraft. His I.Ae.34 Clen Antú^[1] was recognisably one of the glider family that contained the Horten IV and Horten VI, though smaller than both. Clen Antú means Sun Ray in Mapudungun,^[2] a language spoken in some areas of Argentina and Chile. According to one source, the Clen Antú was intended as an aerodynamic model of a four-engined flying wing transport,^[1] the I.Ae 38 Naranjero. Others state it was intended as a training glider for clubs.^[2]

The Clen Antú was a pure tailless glider, a flying wing apart from a central accommodation pod. It had a high aspect ratio (about 17) wing, swept at 23.67^o at quarter chord, with no vertical airfoil surfaces. The chord decreased along the span to 20% of the root value at the tip, and the wing carried a dihedral of about 3.5^o. Broad chord tabbed control surfaces filled the trailing edge from the tip to about half-span and airbrakes were fitted. The accommodation pod was narrow but tall, providing fully instrumented tandem dual control positions. The forward pilot sat in a glazed cockpit on the wing near its leading edge, with the second seated in his own enclosed cockpit stepped above and behind the first. Aft of the cockpits the plywood pod ended in a flat oval shape which provided some yaw stability. The pod continued below the wing containing a tandem pair of wheels with brakes at the rear and skids below the nose.^[1]^[2]

The first flight was made on 20 June 1949.^[1]^[2] Four of these two-seaters were built, one used to explore unconventional control surfaces.^[2]

Two more were built later for the Second International Glider Competition held in Madrid, Spain in 1952.^[3] These were single-seaters designated I.Ae.34 M (for Monoplace), though at the competition they were recorded as Horten XV.^[4] The accommodation pod was smaller, though still relatively tall and narrow; the pilot sat near midwing under a removable section that was part wooden fairing, part glazing. Underneath the wing the pod, which now contained a single wheel, reached forward only to midwing. The undercarriage was completed by a nosewheel that retracted into the leading edge of the wing. The single-seater was 25 kg (55 lb) lighter than the I.Ae34.^[2] The I.Ae.34 Ms did not distinguish themselves in the competition, which was dominated by the Slingsby Skys, failing to finish in the top twelve.^[5] Both suffered landing damage in practice, attributed to their "long undercarriage".^[6] One was withdrawn before the start of the competition proper,^[7] and the second was damaged and withdrawn on day 4.

Horten notation

Some sources use the Horten notation, in which the I.Ae. 34 is the Horten XVa, the I.Ae. 34 M is the Horten XVb and the I.Ae. 41 the Horten XVc.

Specifications (I.Ae. 34a)

Data from ^[8]

General characteristics

Crew: two
Length: 4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) length over the pod was 3.50 m (11 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 18.0 m (59 ft 1 in)
Height: 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in)
Wing area: 18.9 m² (203 sq ft)
Aspect ratio: 17.1
Empty weight: 270 kg (595 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 430 kg (948 lb)
Leading edge sweepback: 21.8 degrees
Aerofoil thickness: 18%

Performance

Never exceed speed: 250 km/h (160 mph, 130 kn)
Towing speed: 65 km/h (40 mph)
Landing speed: 65 km/h (40 mph)
Maximum glide ratio: 1:28.5 at 88 km/h (55 mph) and 22.7 kg/m² (4.6 lb/sq ft)
Rate of sink: 0.75 m/s (148 ft/min) at 70 km/h (43 mph) and 22.7 kg/m² (4.6 lb/sq ft)
Wing loading: 22.7 kg/m² (4.6 lb/sq ft)

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bridgman 1956, p. 39
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f History of the Fabrica Militar de Aviones Archived 2009-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
^ Flight 27 June 1952 p.777 not 1954, as has been reported. Flight has the two aircraft as Horten XV; though in some early reports Flight refers to "two-seaters", images and references to "long undercarriage" identify the I.Ae.34 M single seater
^ Flight 18 July 1952 p.75 Horten XV launch
^ Flight 25 July 1952 p.87 S.I.G.C. 1952 final results table
^ Flight 11 July 1952 p.31
^ Flight 11 July 1952 p.32
^ Horten, Reimar; Peter F. Selinger (1985). Nürflugel (in German) (1st ed.). Graz: H. Wieshaupt Verlag. pp. 59–93. ISBN 3-900310-09-2.

Bibliography

Bridgman, Leonard (1956). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1956-57. London: Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd.

External links

Media related to I.Ae. 34 at Wikimedia Commons

[JAWA56-1] Bridgman 1956, p. 39

[IAe-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f History of the Fabrica Militar de Aviones Archived 2009-09-21 at the Wayback Machine

[3] Flight 27 June 1952 p.777 not 1954, as has been reported. Flight has the two aircraft as Horten XV; though in some early reports Flight refers to "two-seaters", images and references to "long undercarriage" identify the I.Ae.34 M single seater

[4] Flight 18 July 1952 p.75 Horten XV launch

[5] Flight 25 July 1952 p.87 S.I.G.C. 1952 final results table

[6] Flight 11 July 1952 p.31

[7] Flight 11 July 1952 p.32

[Horten3-8] Horten, Reimar; Peter F. Selinger (1985). Nürflugel (in German) (1st ed.). Graz: H. Wieshaupt Verlag. pp. 59–93. ISBN 3-900310-09-2.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
-{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
+{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
  | name=Clen Antú
- | image=
+ | image=Ia34.jpg
- | caption=
+ | caption=I.Ae.34 Clen Antú
-}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
+}}{{Infobox aircraft type
  | type=Tailless [[Glider (sailplane)|glider]]
  | national origin=[[Argentina]]
- | manufacturer=Instituto Aerotecnica, Cordoba
+ | manufacturer=Instituto Aerotecnico, Cordoba
  | designer=Reimar Horten
  | first flight=20 June 1949
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 }}
 |}
-The '''I.Ae. 34 Clen Antú''', sometimes known as the '''Horten XV''' after its designer Reimar Horten, was a two seat tailless [[Glider (sailplane)|glider]] built in [[Argentina]].  Two single seat variants competed unsuccessfully in the 1952 [[World Gliding Championships]].
+The '''I.Ae. 34 Clen Antú''', sometimes known as the '''Horten XVa''' after its designer Reimar Horten, was a two-seat tailless [[Glider (sailplane)|glider]] built in [[Argentina]].  Two single-seat variants competed unsuccessfully in the 1952 [[World Gliding Championships]].
 ==Design and development==
-Between 1946 and 1956 the Fabrica Miitar de Aviones of [[Córdoba, Argentina]] was known as the Instituto Aerotecnico (I.Ae.).<ref name="JAWA56">{{harvnb|Bridgman|1956|p=39}}</ref>  During that immediately post-[[World War II]] period, it had on its staff several designers who had worked with the Nazi regime.  These included [[Émile Dewoitine]],  [[Kurt Tank]] and [[Horten brothers|Reimar Horten]], the latter best known with his brother for their interest in tailless aircraft. His I.Ae.34 Clen Antú<ref name="JAWA56"/> was recognisably one of the glider family that contained the [[Horten H.IV|Horten IV]] and [[Horten VI]], though smaller than both. Clen Antú is Sun Ray in [[Mapudungun]],<ref name="IAe">[http://www.mincyt.cba.gov.ar/site/fabricamilitar/19431955/19431955_08n.html History of the Fabrica Militar de Aviones]</ref> a language widely spoken across Argentina and Chile.  According to one source, the Clen Antú was intended as an aerodynamic model of a four engined flying wing transport,<ref name="JAWA56"/> the [[DINFIA IA 38|I.Ae 38 Naranjero]]. Others state it was intended as a training glider for clubs.<ref name="IAe"/>
+Between 1946 and 1956 the Fabrica Miitar de Aviones of [[Córdoba, Argentina]] was known as the Instituto Aerotecnico (I.Ae.).<ref name="JAWA56">{{harvnb|Bridgman|1956|p=39}}</ref>  During that immediately post-[[World War II]] period, it had on its staff several designers who had worked with the Nazi regime.  These included [[Émile Dewoitine]],  [[Kurt Tank]] and [[Horten brothers|Reimar Horten]], the latter best known with his brother for their interest in tailless aircraft. His I.Ae.34 Clen Antú<ref name="JAWA56"/> was recognisably one of the glider family that contained the [[Horten H.IV|Horten IV]] and [[Horten VI]], though smaller than both. Clen Antú means Sun Ray in [[Mapudungun]],<ref name="IAe">[http://www.mincyt.cba.gov.ar/site/fabricamilitar/19431955/19431955_08n.html History of the Fabrica Militar de Aviones] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921104435/http://www.mincyt.cba.gov.ar/site/fabricamilitar/19431955/19431955_08n.html |date=2009-09-21 }}</ref> a language spoken in some areas of Argentina and Chile.  According to one source, the Clen Antú was intended as an aerodynamic model of a four-engined flying wing transport,<ref name="JAWA56"/> the [[DINFIA IA 38|I.Ae 38 Naranjero]]. Others state it was intended as a training glider for clubs.<ref name="IAe"/>
-The Clen Antú was a pure tailless glider, a flying wing apart from a central accommodation pod. It had a high aspect ratio (about 17) wing, swept at 23.67<sup>o</sup> at quarter chord, with no vertical aerofoil surfaces.  The chord decreased along the span to 20% of the root value at the tip, and the wing carried dihedral of about 3.5<sup>o</sup>. Broad chord tabbed control surfaces filled the trailing edge from the tip to about half span and air brakes were fitted. The accommodation pod was narrow but tall, providing fully instrumented tandem dual control positions.  The forward pilot sat in a glazed cockpit on the wing near its leading edge, with the second seated in his own enclosed cockpit stepped above and behind the first. Aft of the cockpits the plywood pod ended in a flat oval shape which provided some yaw stability. The pod continued below the wing containing a tandem pair of wheels with brakes on the rearmost and skids below the nose.<ref name="JAWA56"/><ref name="IAe"/>
+The Clen Antú was a pure tailless glider, a flying wing apart from a central accommodation pod. It had a high aspect ratio (about 17) wing, swept at 23.67<sup>o</sup> at quarter chord, with no vertical airfoil surfaces.  The chord decreased along the span to 20% of the root value at the tip, and the wing carried a dihedral of about 3.5<sup>o</sup>. Broad chord tabbed control surfaces filled the trailing edge from the tip to about half-span and airbrakes were fitted. The accommodation pod was narrow but tall, providing fully instrumented tandem dual control positions.  The forward pilot sat in a glazed cockpit on the wing near its leading edge, with the second seated in his own enclosed cockpit stepped above and behind the first. Aft of the cockpits the plywood pod ended in a flat oval shape which provided some yaw stability. The pod continued below the wing containing a tandem pair of wheels with brakes at the rear and skids below the nose.<ref name="JAWA56"/><ref name="IAe"/>
-The first flight was made on 20 June 1949.<ref name="JAWA56"/><ref name="IAe"/>  Four of these two seaters were built, one used to explore unconventional control surfaces.<ref name="IAe"/>
+The first flight was made on 20 June 1949.<ref name="JAWA56"/><ref name="IAe"/>  Four of these two-seaters were built, one used to explore unconventional control surfaces.<ref name="IAe"/>
-Two more were built later for the Second International Glider Competition held in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] in 1952.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201783.html ''Flight'' 27 June 1952  p.777 not 1954, as has been reported.  ''Flight '' has the two aircraft as Horten XV; though in some early reports ''Flight'' refers to "two-seaters", images and references to "long undercarriage" identify the I.Ae.34 M single seater]</ref>  These were single seaters designated '''I.Ae.34 M''' (for '''M'''onoplace), though at the competition they were recorded as '''Horten XV'''.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201969.html ''Flight'' 18 July 1952  p.75  Horten XV launch]</ref>  The accommodation pod was smaller, though still relatively tall and narrow; the pilot sat near mid wing under a removable section that was part wooden fairing, part glazing. Underneath the wing the pod, which now contained a single wheel, only reached forward to midwing.  The undercarriage was completed by a nosewheel that retracted into the leading edge of the wing.  The single seater was 25&nbsp;kg (55&nbsp;lb) lighter than the I.Ae34.<ref name="IAe"/>  The I.Ae.34 Ms did not distinguish themselves in the competition, which was rather dominated by the [[Slingsby Sky]]s, failing to finish in the top twelve.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%202013.html ''Flight'' 25 July 1952  p.87  S.I.G.C. 1952 final results table]</ref>  Both suffered landing damage in practice, attributed to their "long undercarriage".<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201878.html ''Flight'' 11 July 1952  p.31]</ref> One was withdrawn before the start of the competition proper,<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201879.html ''Flight'' 11 July 1952  p.32]</ref> and the second was damaged and withdrawn on day 4.
+Two more were built later for the Second International Glider Competition held in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] in 1952.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201783.html ''Flight'' 27 June 1952  p.777 not 1954, as has been reported.  ''Flight '' has the two aircraft as Horten XV; though in some early reports ''Flight'' refers to "two-seaters", images and references to "long undercarriage" identify the I.Ae.34 M single seater]</ref>  These were single-seaters designated '''I.Ae.34 M''' (for '''M'''onoplace), though at the competition they were recorded as '''Horten XV'''.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201969.html ''Flight'' 18 July 1952  p.75  Horten XV launch]</ref>  The accommodation pod was smaller, though still relatively tall and narrow; the pilot sat near midwing under a removable section that was part wooden fairing, part glazing. Underneath the wing the pod, which now contained a single wheel, reached forward only to midwing.  The undercarriage was completed by a nosewheel that retracted into the leading edge of the wing.  The single-seater was 25&nbsp;kg (55&nbsp;lb) lighter than the I.Ae34.<ref name="IAe"/>  The I.Ae.34 Ms did not distinguish themselves in the competition, which was dominated by the [[Slingsby Sky]]s, failing to finish in the top twelve.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%202013.html ''Flight'' 25 July 1952  p.87  S.I.G.C. 1952 final results table]</ref>  Both suffered landing damage in practice, attributed to their "long undercarriage".<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201878.html ''Flight'' 11 July 1952  p.31]</ref> One was withdrawn before the start of the competition proper,<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%201879.html ''Flight'' 11 July 1952  p.32]</ref> and the second was damaged and withdrawn on day 4.
 ===Horten notation===
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 <!-- ==Units using this aircraft/Operators (choose)== -->
-==Specifications (I.Ae. 34) ==
+==Specifications (I.Ae. 34a)==
 {{Aircraft specs
+|ref=<ref name="Horten3">{{cite book|last=Horten|first=Reimar|author2=Peter F. Selinger|title=Nürflugel|publisher=H. Wieshaupt Verlag|location=Graz|year=1985|edition=1st|pages=59–93|isbn=3-900310-09-2|language=de}}</ref>
-|ref={{harvnb|Bridgman|1956|p=39}}
 |prime units?=met<!-- imp or kts first for US aircraft, and UK aircraft pre-metrification, met(ric) first for all others. You MUST choose a format, or no specifications will show -->
 <!--
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 -->
 |genhide=
-|crew=2
+|crew=two
 |capacity=
 |length m=4.40
@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 |height in=
 |height note=
-|wing area sqm=19.0
+|wing area sqm=18.9
 |wing area sqft=
 |wing area note=
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 |volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
 |volume note=
-|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
+|aspect ratio=17.1
 |airfoil=
-|empty weight kg=275
+|empty weight kg=270
 |empty weight lb=
 |empty weight note=
-|gross weight kg=475
+|gross weight kg=
 |gross weight lb=
 |gross weight note=
-|max takeoff weight kg=
+|max takeoff weight kg=430
 |max takeoff weight lb=
 |max takeoff weight note=
@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
 |lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
 |lift note=
-|more general=
+|more general=<br/>
+*'''Leading edge sweepback:''' 21.8 degrees
+*'''Aerofoil thickness:''' 18%
 <!--
         Powerplant
@@ Line 178: / Line 180: @@
 |stall speed kts=
 |stall speed note=
-|never exceed speed kmh=
+|never exceed speed kmh=250
 |never exceed speed mph=
 |never exceed speed kts=
-|never exceed speed note=
+|never exceed speed note=<br/>
+*'''Towing speed:''' {{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}}
+*'''Landing speed:''' {{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}}
 |minimum control speed kmh=
 |minimum control speed mph=
@@ Line 204: / Line 208: @@
 |g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
 |roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
+|glide ratio=1:28.5 at {{convert|88|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|22.7|kg/m2|lb/sqft|abbr=on|1}}
-|glide ratio=1:28.5<!-- sailplanes -->
 |climb rate ms=
 |climb rate ftmin=
 |climb rate note=
 |time to altitude=
-|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes -->
+|sink rate ms=0.75
 |sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
+|sink rate note=at {{convert|70|km/h|mph|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|22.7|kg/m2|lb/sqft|abbr=on|1}}
-|sink rate note=
 |lift to drag=
-|wing loading kg/m2=25
+|wing loading kg/m2=22.7
 |wing loading lb/sqft=
 |wing loading note=
@@ Line 240: / Line 244: @@
 ==See also==
+{{Portal|Aviation}}
+* [[Altinger Lenticular 15S]]
+* [[I.Ae. 25 Mañque]]
+* [[I.Ae. 41 Urubú]]
+* [[Nike PUL 9]]
 {{aircontent
 <!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
@@ Line 248: / Line 257: @@
 *[[list of gliders#I.Ae. - Instituto Aerotécnico|list of gliders I.Ae.]]
 }}
 ==References==
+;Notes
-===Citations===
 {{Reflist}}
-===Cited sources===
+;Bibliography
 {{refbegin}}
-*{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1956-57|last= Bridgman |first= Leonard |coauthors= |edition= |year=1956|publisher= Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd|location= London|isbn=|ref=harv }}
+*{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1956-57|last= Bridgman |first= Leonard |year=1956|publisher= Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd|location= London}}
 {{refend}}
-<!-- ==External links== -->
+==External links==
+{{commons category-inline|I.Ae. 34}}
 {{FMA aircraft}}
-{{Aviation lists}}
+{{Horten aircraft}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:I.Ae. 34 Clen Antu}}
-[[Category:Argentine sailplanes 1940–1949]]
+[[Category:1940s Argentine sailplanes]]
 [[Category:FMA aircraft]]
 [[Category:Tailless aircraft]]
+[[Category:Flying wings]]
+[[Category:Glider aircraft]]
-[[es:I.Ae. 34 Clen Antú]]
+[[Category:Horten aircraft]]
+[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1949]]

v t e Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA)/Fábrica Argentina de Aviones (FAdeA) aircraft
Dirección General de Aerotécnica (Ae) 1927–1936	C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 MB.1 MB.2 ME.1 MO.1 MOe.1 MOe.2 MS.1 T.1
Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) 1938–1943	FMA 20 FMA 21
Instituto Aerotécnico (I.Ae) 1943–1952	I.Ae 22 I.Ae 23 I.Ae 24 I.Ae 25 I.Ae 27 I.Ae 28 I.Ae 30 I.Ae 31 I.Ae 32 I.Ae 33 I.Ae 34 I.Ae 35 I.Ae 36 I.Ae 37 I.Ae 38 I.Ae 39 I.Ae 40
Instituto Aerotécnico (IA) 1952-present	IA 41 IA 43 IA 44 IA 45 IA 46 IA 47 I.Ae. 48 IA 49 IA 50 IA 51 IA 52 IA 53 IA 54 IA 55 IA 56 IA 58 IA 59 IA 60 IA 62 IA-63 IA 66 IA 67 IA 68 IA 70 IA 73 IA-100