Heavy-lift ship: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Vessel designed to move very large loads}} |
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[[File: |
[[File:MV Blue Marlin carrying USS Cole.jpg|thumb|{{MV|Blue Marlin}} carrying {{USS|Cole|DDG-67|6}} after being holed by an [[Al-Qaeda]] explosive.|upright=1]] |
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[[File:RFA Sir Tristram & MV Dan Lifter late 1982.JPG|thumb|[[MV Dan Lifter|MV ''Dan Lifter'']] returns {{ship|RFA|Sir Tristram|L3505|6}} to the United Kingdom in 1983 after she was badly damaged during the [[Falklands War]] of 1982.]] |
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[[File:Semi-submersible SSHL Valetta Malta 1a.jpg|thumb|Empty heavy-lift vessel in the harbour of [[Valletta]] ([[Malta]])]] |
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[[File:MV Blue Marlin carrying USS Cole.jpg|thumb|{{MV|Blue Marlin}} carrying {{USS|Cole|DDG-67|6}}.]] |
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[[File:Zhi Yuan Kou on front of Queen Juliana Bridge in Curaçao.jpg|thumb|[[Cosco Shipping]] Zhi Yan Kou in [[Curaçao]] carrying three smaller vessels on board.<ref>{{cite web | title=Zhi Yuan Kou | url=https://coscoht.com/semi-submersible/fleet/zhi-yuan-kou/ |publisher=COSCO Heavy Transport | access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>]] |
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[[File:Super Servant 4.jpg|thumb|Spliethoff groups [[yacht transport]] semi-submersible Super Servant 4 in Curaçao.]] |
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[[File:Happy Diamond, Fremantle, 2023 (01).jpg|thumb|Project cargo ship ''Happy Diamond'' berthed at [[Fremantle]], Australia]] |
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*''Semi-submersible'' ships that take on water ballast to allow the load—usually another vessel—to be floated over the deck, whereupon the ballast is jettisoned and the ship's deck and cargo raised above the waterline.<ref name = Innovation> |
*''Semi-submersible'' ships that take on water ballast to allow the load—usually another vessel—to be floated over the deck, whereupon the ballast is jettisoned and the ship's deck and cargo raised above the waterline.<ref name = Innovation> |
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{{Citation |
{{Citation |
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| last1 = Wijnolst |
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| |
| first1 = N. |
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| last2 = Wergeland |
| last2 = Wergeland |
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| first2 = Tor |
| first2 = Tor |
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| title = Shipping Innovation |
| title = Shipping Innovation |
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| place = |
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| publisher = IOS Press |
| publisher = IOS Press |
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| year = 2009 |
| year = 2009 |
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| pages = 831 |
| pages = 831 |
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| language = |
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| isbn = 9781586039431 }}</ref> |
| isbn = 9781586039431 }}</ref> |
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*''Project cargo'' ships that use at least one heavy-lift crane for handling heavy cargo and sufficient ballast to assure stability and sea-keeping properties.<ref name = Hoorn> |
*''Project cargo'' ships that use at least one heavy-lift crane for handling heavy cargo and sufficient ballast to assure stability and sea-keeping properties.<ref name = Hoorn> |
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| editor2-first = David N. |
| editor2-first = David N. |
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| contribution = Heavy-lift transport ships—Overview of existing fleet and future developments |
| contribution = Heavy-lift transport ships—Overview of existing fleet and future developments |
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| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TW8PUlpx_VcC& |
| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TW8PUlpx_VcC&q=Heavy+lift+ship&pg=PA1 |
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| title = Marine Operations Specialty Symposium |
| title = Marine Operations Specialty Symposium |
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| year = 2008 |
| year = 2008 |
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| pages = |
| pages = 83–99 |
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| place = Singapore |
| place = Singapore |
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| publisher = Research Publishing Services |
| publisher = Research Publishing Services |
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| isbn = 9789810802264 |
| isbn = 9789810802264 |
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}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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===Semi-submersible ships=== |
===Semi-submersible ships=== |
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Semi-submersible heavy-lift ships have a long and low well deck between a forward pilot house and an [[aft]] machinery space. In superficial appearance, it is somewhat similar to a dry bulk carrier or some forms of oil tanker. Its ballast |
Semi-submersible heavy-lift ships have a long and low well deck between a forward pilot house and an [[aft]] machinery space. In superficial appearance, it is somewhat similar to a dry [[bulk carrier]] or some forms of [[oil tanker]]. Its [[ballast tank]]s can be flooded to lower the well deck below the water's surface, allowing [[oil platform]]s, other vessels, or other floating cargo to be moved into position for loading (float-on/float-off). The tanks are then pumped out, and the well deck rises to bear the load. To balance the cargo, the tanks can be pumped out unevenly.<ref name = Innovation/> |
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⚫ | Float-on/float off vessels transport oil drilling rigs. Such ships can carry the rigs from their construction site to a drilling site at roughly three to four times the speed of a self-deploying rig. Rapid deployment of the rig to the drilling site can result in major savings. They also transport other out-sized cargo and [[yacht]]s.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/07/dockwise-vanguard-shipping/|title=The Enormous Ship That Submerges Itself to Carry Entire Oil Rigs|last=Golson|first=Jordan|date=July 8, 2014|magazine=WIRED|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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⚫ | The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] has used such ships to bring damaged warships back to the United States for repair.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-massive-ships-the-navy-uses-to-carry-other-ships-around-2017-8|title=These are the massive ships the Navy uses to carry other ships around|last=D'Costa|first=Ian|date=August 13, 2017|work=Business Insider|access-date=2018-03-30}}</ref> The first was the [[guided missile frigate]] {{USS|Samuel B. Roberts|FFG-58|6}}, which was nearly sunk by a [[naval mine]] in the central [[Persian Gulf]] on 14 April 1988. The frigate was towed to [[Dubai]], then floated home to [[Newport, Rhode Island]], aboard {{ship||Mighty Servant 2}}.<ref>{{cite web | title=No Higher Honor: USS Roberts Aboard Mighty Servant II | url=http://www.navybook.com/nohigherhonor/pic-servant.shtml | work=Navybook | year=2010 | access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Float-on/float off vessels transport |
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⚫ | The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] has used such ships to bring damaged warships back to the United States for repair.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-massive-ships-the-navy-uses-to-carry-other-ships-around-2017-8|title=These are the massive ships the Navy uses to carry other ships around|last=D'Costa|first=Ian|date=August 13, 2017|work=Business Insider|access-date=2018-03-30 |
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⚫ | The U.S. Navy has also chartered other heavy lift ships to carry smaller craft, usually [[Minesweeper|mine-countermeasure craft]], or other [[Patrol boat|patrol craft]]. Since there are no US-flagged heavy float-on/float-off ships, the U.S. Navy normally relies on its [[Military Sealift Command]] to charter them from the world commercial market.<ref name=":0" /> |
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⚫ | In 2004, ''Blue Marlin'' carried the world's largest semi-submersible oil platform, [[BP]]'s {{ship||Thunder Horse PDQ}}, from the [[Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering]] shipyard in South Korea to [[Kiewit Corporation|Kiewit Offshore Services]] in [[Ingleside, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Projects: Thunder Horse PDQ | url=http://www.dockwise.com/page/projects/projectdata.html | publisher=Dockwise | year=2010 | access-date=23 May 2010 | archive-date=6 August 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806090059/http://www.dockwise.com/page/projects/projectdata.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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⚫ | Many of the larger ships of this class are owned by the company [[Dockwise]], including {{ship||Mighty Servant 1}}, ''Blue Marlin'', and {{MV|Black Marlin}}. In 2004, Dockwise increased the deck width of ''Blue Marlin'', to make it the then-largest heavy transport carrier in the world until it was surpassed by the launch of {{ship||Dockwise Vanguard}} in 2012. One of the company's vessels, ''Mighty Servant 2'', capsized and sank after hitting an [[nautical chart|uncharted]] single underwater isolated pinnacle of [[granite]] off Indonesia in November 1999. |
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⚫ | The U.S. Navy has also chartered other heavy lift ships to carry smaller craft, usually mine-countermeasure craft, or other patrol craft. Since there are no US-flagged heavy float-on/float-off ships, the U.S. Navy normally relies on its Military Sealift Command to charter them from the world commercial market.<ref name=":0" /> |
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[[Cosco Shipping]] has available a fleet of 16 different size semi-submersible vessels which they claim to be the world's largest semi-submersible heavy lift fleet.<ref>{{cite web | title=Semi-Submersible Fleet | url=https://coscoht.com/semi-submersible/fleet/ |publisher=COSCO Heavy Transport | access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=COSCO SHIPPING Specialized's XIANG TAI KOU Delivered | url=https://coscoht.com/cosco-shipping-specializeds-xiang-tai-kou-delivered/ |publisher=COSCO Heavy Transport | date = 16 January 2024 | access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref> |
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⚫ | In 2004, ''Blue Marlin'' carried the world's largest semi-submersible oil platform, [[BP]]'s |
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Dutch Spliethoff groups DYT Yacht Transport provides services with this type of vessel to yacht owners enabling to have their yacht "where it needs to be, when it needs to be there".<ref>{{cite web | title=DYT Yacht Transport | url=https://www.yacht-transport.com |publisher=DYT Yacht Transport | access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Many of the larger ships of this class are owned by the company [[Dockwise]], including |
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===Project cargo ships=== |
===Project cargo ships=== |
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Project cargo ships are non-submersible ships that load large and heavy cargo items with one or more on-board cranes. Such vessels have between 13,000 and 19,000 |
Project cargo ships are non-submersible ships that load large and heavy cargo items with one or more on-board cranes. Such vessels have between 13,000 and 19,000 [[deadweight tonnage]] (DWT) capacity. Examples of cargo transported includes container cranes, bridge sections, and suction piles.<ref name = Hoorn/> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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During the 1920s, the [[Bremen]]-based shipping company [[DDG Hansa]] had a growing demand of shipments for assembled locomotives to British India. That resulted in the construction of the world's first heavy lift vessel, {{SS|Lichtenfels}} with a {{convert|120|t|LT ST|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}<!-- No, 120 tonnes (metric tons) --> derrick.<ref>{{cite web | title=Lichtenfels | url=http://www.ddghansa-shipsphotos.de/lichtenfels200.htm | publisher=DDG Hansa | access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> After [[World War II]], DDG Hansa became the world's largest heavy lift shipping company. In terms of lifting capacity it reached its maximum in 1978 with refitting the Japanese-built bulk carrier MV ''Trifels'' with two {{convert|320|t|LT ST|0|adj=on|lk=on}} Stülcken derricks. Soon after that, in 1980, DDG became bankrupt. With that, only the Dutch shipping companies [[Jumbo shipping|Jumbo]], BigLift Shipping (until 2001 named Mammoet Shipping) and SAL Heavy lift<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sal-heavylift.com/home/|title=SAL Heavy Lift – We Innovate Solutions - Home|work=sal-heavylift.com}}</ref> were left as heavy lift shipping specialists. |
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On 5 May, the semi-submersible heavy lift ship BLUE MARLIN was boarded by 7 pirates near position 03-00N 007-50E, approximately 44 nm southwest of Luba Port, Bioko Island. As the attack started, master activated SSAS, all 20 crew mustered in citadel. Pirates boarded and demanded from crew via PA to surrender, and give the pirates all crew money and valuables. Crew remained in citadel, pirates found a hole and fired through it into citadel, without injuring anyone. During this time, the Spanish Navy¿s Operations and Surveillance Center (COVAM), alerted by ship¿s distress signal, ordered their patrol boat SERVIOLA (P-71), deployed in an international Navy security mission in Gulf of Guinea, to free the ship. On the morning of 6 May, teams from the Spanish Navy and the Equatorial Guinean Navy boarded and searched the ship. No pirates were found and the crew was freed from the citadel. All the crew members are in good health. The pirates shot several times during their time aboard the BLUE MARLIN and caused substantial material damage on the bridge, preventing the ship from being sailable. The ship¿s owners have arranged for a tow vessel to move the ship to a safe harbor. (MDAT-GoG; www.lss-sapu.com; www.marinelink.com; www.fleetmon.com) |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Semi-submersible naval vessel]] |
* [[Semi-submersible naval vessel]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons category|Heavy-lift ships}} |
{{commons category|Heavy-lift ships}} |
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* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/heavy-lift.htm Description of military heavy lift ships] |
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{{ModernMerchantShipTypes}} |
{{ModernMerchantShipTypes}} |
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[[Category:Heavy lift ships| ]] |
[[Category:Heavy lift ships| ]] |
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[[Category:Ship types]] |
[[Category:Ship types]] |
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[[Category:Submersible ships]] |
Latest revision as of 14:29, 22 July 2024
A heavy-lift ship is a vessel designed to move very large loads that cannot be transported by normal ships. They are of two types:
- Semi-submersible ships that take on water ballast to allow the load—usually another vessel—to be floated over the deck, whereupon the ballast is jettisoned and the ship's deck and cargo raised above the waterline.[2]
- Project cargo ships that use at least one heavy-lift crane for handling heavy cargo and sufficient ballast to assure stability and sea-keeping properties.[3]
Description
[edit]There are several types of heavy-lift ships:
Semi-submersible ships
[edit]Semi-submersible heavy-lift ships have a long and low well deck between a forward pilot house and an aft machinery space. In superficial appearance, it is somewhat similar to a dry bulk carrier or some forms of oil tanker. Its ballast tanks can be flooded to lower the well deck below the water's surface, allowing oil platforms, other vessels, or other floating cargo to be moved into position for loading (float-on/float-off). The tanks are then pumped out, and the well deck rises to bear the load. To balance the cargo, the tanks can be pumped out unevenly.[2]
Float-on/float off vessels transport oil drilling rigs. Such ships can carry the rigs from their construction site to a drilling site at roughly three to four times the speed of a self-deploying rig. Rapid deployment of the rig to the drilling site can result in major savings. They also transport other out-sized cargo and yachts.[4]
The U.S. Navy has used such ships to bring damaged warships back to the United States for repair.[5] The first was the guided missile frigate USS Samuel B. Roberts, which was nearly sunk by a naval mine in the central Persian Gulf on 14 April 1988. The frigate was towed to Dubai, then floated home to Newport, Rhode Island, aboard Mighty Servant 2.[6]
Eleven years later, MV Blue Marlin transported the U.S. guided missile destroyer USS Cole from Aden, Yemen, to Pascagoula, Mississippi, after the warship was damaged in a bombing attack on 12 October 2000.
USS Fitzgerald was transported from Japan to Alabama after its 2017 collision with ACX Crystal.
The U.S. Navy has also chartered other heavy lift ships to carry smaller craft, usually mine-countermeasure craft, or other patrol craft. Since there are no US-flagged heavy float-on/float-off ships, the U.S. Navy normally relies on its Military Sealift Command to charter them from the world commercial market.[5]
In 2004, Blue Marlin carried the world's largest semi-submersible oil platform, BP's Thunder Horse PDQ, from the Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering shipyard in South Korea to Kiewit Offshore Services in Ingleside, Texas.[7]
Many of the larger ships of this class are owned by the company Dockwise, including Mighty Servant 1, Blue Marlin, and MV Black Marlin. In 2004, Dockwise increased the deck width of Blue Marlin, to make it the then-largest heavy transport carrier in the world until it was surpassed by the launch of Dockwise Vanguard in 2012. One of the company's vessels, Mighty Servant 2, capsized and sank after hitting an uncharted single underwater isolated pinnacle of granite off Indonesia in November 1999.
Cosco Shipping has available a fleet of 16 different size semi-submersible vessels which they claim to be the world's largest semi-submersible heavy lift fleet.[8][9]
Dutch Spliethoff groups DYT Yacht Transport provides services with this type of vessel to yacht owners enabling to have their yacht "where it needs to be, when it needs to be there".[10]
Project cargo ships
[edit]Project cargo ships are non-submersible ships that load large and heavy cargo items with one or more on-board cranes. Such vessels have between 13,000 and 19,000 deadweight tonnage (DWT) capacity. Examples of cargo transported includes container cranes, bridge sections, and suction piles.[3]
History
[edit]During the 1920s, the Bremen-based shipping company DDG Hansa had a growing demand of shipments for assembled locomotives to British India. That resulted in the construction of the world's first heavy lift vessel, SS Lichtenfels with a 120 t (118 long tons; 132 short tons) derrick.[11] After World War II, DDG Hansa became the world's largest heavy lift shipping company. In terms of lifting capacity it reached its maximum in 1978 with refitting the Japanese-built bulk carrier MV Trifels with two 320-tonne (315-long-ton; 353-short-ton) Stülcken derricks. Soon after that, in 1980, DDG became bankrupt. With that, only the Dutch shipping companies Jumbo, BigLift Shipping (until 2001 named Mammoet Shipping) and SAL Heavy lift[12] were left as heavy lift shipping specialists.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Zhi Yuan Kou". COSCO Heavy Transport. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- ^ a b Wijnolst, N.; Wergeland, Tor (2009), Shipping Innovation, IOS Press, p. 831, ISBN 9781586039431
- ^ a b van Hoorn, Frank (2008), "Heavy-lift transport ships—Overview of existing fleet and future developments", in Choo, Yoo Sang; Edelson, David N. (eds.), Marine Operations Specialty Symposium, Singapore: Research Publishing Services, pp. 83–99, ISBN 9789810802264
- ^ Golson, Jordan (July 8, 2014). "The Enormous Ship That Submerges Itself to Carry Entire Oil Rigs". WIRED. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
- ^ a b D'Costa, Ian (August 13, 2017). "These are the massive ships the Navy uses to carry other ships around". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
- ^ "No Higher Honor: USS Roberts Aboard Mighty Servant II". Navybook. 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
- ^ "Projects: Thunder Horse PDQ". Dockwise. 2010. Archived from the original on 6 August 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
- ^ "Semi-Submersible Fleet". COSCO Heavy Transport. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- ^ "COSCO SHIPPING Specialized's XIANG TAI KOU Delivered". COSCO Heavy Transport. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- ^ "DYT Yacht Transport". DYT Yacht Transport. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- ^ "Lichtenfels". DDG Hansa. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
- ^ "SAL Heavy Lift – We Innovate Solutions - Home". sal-heavylift.com.