Latenivenatrix: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Extinct genus of dinosaurs}} |
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| name = ''Latenivenatrix'' |
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| fossil_range = [[Campanian]], {{fossilrange|75.5}} |
| fossil_range = [[Campanian]], {{fossilrange|75.5}} |
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| image = Latenivenatrix skull.jpg |
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| taxon = Latenivenatrix |
| taxon = Latenivenatrix |
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| authority = |
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| type_species = '''''Latenivenatrix mcmasterae''''' |
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Latenivenatrix mcmasterae''''' |
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| type_species_authority = van der Reest and Currie, 2017 |
| type_species_authority = van der Reest and Currie, 2017 |
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'''''Latenivenatrix''''' |
'''''Latenivenatrix''''', meaning "hiding huntress", is a genus of large [[Troodontidae|troodontid]] known from a single species, '''''L. mcmasterae'''''. Along with the contemporary ''[[Stenonychosaurus]]'', it is known from non-tooth fossils that were formerly assigned to the now potentially dubious genus ''[[Troodon]]''. Although described as separate, it has been considered a junior synonym of ''Stenonychosaurus''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Cullen |first=Thomas M. |last2=Zanno |first2=Lindsay |last3=Larson |first3=Derek W. |last4=Todd |first4=Erinn |last5=Currie |first5=Philip J. |last6=Evans |first6=David C. |date=2021-06-30 |title=Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation1 |url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjes-2020-0145 |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |language=en |doi=10.1139/cjes-2020-0145}}</ref> |
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==Discovery== |
==Discovery and specimens== |
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The type specimen of ''Latenivenatrix'' (CMN 12340) was originally described |
The type specimen, or [[holotype]], of ''Latenivenatrix'' (CMN 12340) was originally described in 1969 by [[Dale Alan Russell]] and referred by him to the genus ''[[Stenonychosaurus]]''. In 1987, it was referred to ''[[Troodon]]''. It was collected in 1968 by Irene Vanderloh in the [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] strata from [[Alberta]], [[Canada]]. The specimen has preserved some skull bones, such as the [[Frontal bone|frontals]], [[Parietal bone|parietals]], [[Postorbital bone|postorbital]], basioccipital, and basisphenoid, four vertebrae, four ribs, some chevrons, [[Gastralium|gastralia]], a fairly complete arm, and incomplete legs.<ref name="desc">{{cite journal|last1=van der Reest|first1=A. J.|last2=Currie|first2=P. J.|date=2017|title=Troodontids (Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=54|issue=9|pages=919−935|doi=10.1139/cjes-2017-0031|hdl=1807/78296|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
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Moreover, three additional specimens from the same locality are referred to ''L. mcmasterae''. These include UALVP 55804 (a partial [[pelvis]]), TMP 1982.019.0023 (a partial skull), and TMP 1992.036.575 (a right [[Mandible|dentary]] and several left [[Metatarsal bones|metatarsals]]).<ref name="desc" /> |
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''Latenivenatrix'' was suggested to be distinguishable from ''Stenonychosaurus'' due to the structure of its frontals and metatarsal III,<ref name="desc" /> although later analyses found these characters to be individually variable, and also present in specimens of ''Stenonychosaurus.''<ref name=":0" /> |
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''Latenivenatrix'' can be distinguished by other troodontids thanks to the following diagnostic (autapomorphic) traits residing in the [[pelvis]]: |
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- The pubis is retroverted forming a 17° angle; |
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With an estimated skull length of {{convert|45|cm}} and a full body length of {{convert|3|-|3.5|m}}, ''Latenivenatrix'' is the largest troodontid known. It was described as distinguishable from other troodontids thanks to the following diagnostic (autapomorphic) traits residing in the [[pelvis]]: the pubis is retroverted forming a 17° angle; the pubic shaft is anteriorly curved; a large muscle scar on the lateral surface of the pubic shaft is present, slightly proximal to the pubic boot (this is seen also in dromaeosaurid ''[[Hesperonychus]]'').<ref name="desc" /> |
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| ⚫ | Other traits argued to further distinguish ''Latenivenatrix'' from other derived troodontids (particularly its close relative ''Stenonychosaurus'') are: the triangular shape of each frontal bone which also does have a single deep groove in the frontonasal contact surface; a concave anterior surface of metatarsal III. While this trait appears to be absent in other derived troodontids such as ''[[Saurornithoides]]'', [[Talos sampsoni|''Talos'']], and ''[[Urbacodon]]'', it appears to be present in ''[[Philovenator]]'' as well and not clearly verifiable in several species.<ref name="desc" /> |
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- The pubic shaft is anteriorly curved; |
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A later re-analysis of the stratigraphic positions of known specimens of ''Latenivenatrix'' and ''Stenonychosaurus'' (including specimens not included in the initial description of ''L. mcmasterae'') also found stratigraphic overlap between the two proposed taxa. Due to this stratigraphic overlap, as well as the lack of definitive diagnostic characters, the variable presence of characters originally described as autapomorphic of ''Latenivenatrix'' in specimens of ''Stenonychosaurus'', and the extensive overlap of frontals of both in morphospace, ''L. mcmasterae'' was considered to be a junior synonym of ''S. inequalis''.<ref name=":0" /> |
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- A large muscle scar on the lateral surface of the pubic shaft is present, slightly proximal to the pubic boot (this is seen also in dromaeosaurid ''[[Hesperonychus]]'' and raises doubts since ''Hesperonychus'' is also from the Dinosaur Park Formation. |
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Other diagnostic traits that further distinguish ''Latenivenatrix'' from other derivate troodontids are: |
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- The triangular shape of each frontal bone which also does have a single deep groove in the frontonasal contact surface; |
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==Phylogeny== |
==Phylogeny== |
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[[File:Latenivenatrix left metatarsus.jpg|thumb|Left metatarsus of the holotype]] |
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''Latenivenatrix'' was found to be a derivate troodontid (part of erected subfamily [[Troodontinae]]), probably related to coeval asian forms such as ''[[Linhevenator]]'' and ''[[Philovenator]]''.<ref name="desc">{{cite journal|last1=van der Reest|first1=A. J.|last2=Currie|first2=P. J.|title=Troodontids (Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|date=2017|pages=919–935|doi=10.1139/cjes-2017-0031|url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjes-2017-0031#.WYnhUlGGOUm}}</ref> |
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''Latenivenatrix'' was found to be a derived troodontid (part of the newly defined [[Troodontinae]]), probably related to coeval Asian forms such as ''[[Linhevenator]]'' and ''[[Philovenator]]''.<ref name="desc"/> |
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==Paleobiology== |
==Paleobiology== |
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''Latenivenatrix'' |
''Latenivenatrix'' was the largest known troodontid, with a maximum total body length estimated to 3.5 m (11.5 ft). As a derived troodontid, it was probably a semi-omnivorous biped with loss of the skills of a primitive flyer. |
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===Paleopathology=== |
===Paleopathology=== |
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| ⚫ | A parietal bone catalogued as TMP 79.8.1 bears a "[[Paleopathology|pathological]] aperture". In 1985, Phil Currie hypothesized that this aperture was caused by a cyst. Tanke and Rothschild interpreted it as a possible bite wound in 1999. One hatchling specimen may have suffered from a [[congenital defect]], which resulted in the front part of its jaw being twisted.<ref name="molnar-pathology">Molnar, R. E., 2001, Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 337-363.</ref> |
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{{Main|Paleopathology}} |
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| ⚫ | A parietal bone catalogued as TMP 79.8.1 bears a "pathological aperture". In 1985 Phil Currie hypothesized that this aperture was caused by a cyst |
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==See also== |
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* [[Timeline of troodontid research]] |
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{{reflist}} |
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*[[2017 in archosaur paleontology]] |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q35626945}} |
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{{theropod-stub}} |
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[[Category:Troodontids]] |
[[Category:Troodontids]] |
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[[Category:Cretaceous dinosaurs]] |
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[[Category:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America]] |
[[Category:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America]] |
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[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2017]] |
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[[Category:Paleontology in Alberta]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:30, 22 July 2024
| Latenivenatrix Temporal range: Campanian,
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| Hind part of assigned skull TMP 1982.019.0023, Royal Tyrrell Museum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Family: | †Troodontidae |
| Subfamily: | †Troodontinae |
| Genus: | †Latenivenatrix |
| Type species | |
| †Latenivenatrix mcmasterae van der Reest and Currie, 2017
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Latenivenatrix, meaning "hiding huntress", is a genus of large troodontid known from a single species, L. mcmasterae. Along with the contemporary Stenonychosaurus, it is known from non-tooth fossils that were formerly assigned to the now potentially dubious genus Troodon. Although described as separate, it has been considered a junior synonym of Stenonychosaurus.[1]
Discovery and specimens
[edit]The type specimen, or holotype, of Latenivenatrix (CMN 12340) was originally described in 1969 by Dale Alan Russell and referred by him to the genus Stenonychosaurus. In 1987, it was referred to Troodon. It was collected in 1968 by Irene Vanderloh in the Dinosaur Park Formation strata from Alberta, Canada. The specimen has preserved some skull bones, such as the frontals, parietals, postorbital, basioccipital, and basisphenoid, four vertebrae, four ribs, some chevrons, gastralia, a fairly complete arm, and incomplete legs.[2]
Moreover, three additional specimens from the same locality are referred to L. mcmasterae. These include UALVP 55804 (a partial pelvis), TMP 1982.019.0023 (a partial skull), and TMP 1992.036.575 (a right dentary and several left metatarsals).[2]
Latenivenatrix was suggested to be distinguishable from Stenonychosaurus due to the structure of its frontals and metatarsal III,[2] although later analyses found these characters to be individually variable, and also present in specimens of Stenonychosaurus.[1]
Description
[edit]
With an estimated skull length of 45 centimetres (18 in) and a full body length of 3–3.5 metres (9.8–11.5 ft), Latenivenatrix is the largest troodontid known. It was described as distinguishable from other troodontids thanks to the following diagnostic (autapomorphic) traits residing in the pelvis: the pubis is retroverted forming a 17° angle; the pubic shaft is anteriorly curved; a large muscle scar on the lateral surface of the pubic shaft is present, slightly proximal to the pubic boot (this is seen also in dromaeosaurid Hesperonychus).[2]
Other traits argued to further distinguish Latenivenatrix from other derived troodontids (particularly its close relative Stenonychosaurus) are: the triangular shape of each frontal bone which also does have a single deep groove in the frontonasal contact surface; a concave anterior surface of metatarsal III. While this trait appears to be absent in other derived troodontids such as Saurornithoides, Talos, and Urbacodon, it appears to be present in Philovenator as well and not clearly verifiable in several species.[2]
A later re-analysis of the stratigraphic positions of known specimens of Latenivenatrix and Stenonychosaurus (including specimens not included in the initial description of L. mcmasterae) also found stratigraphic overlap between the two proposed taxa. Due to this stratigraphic overlap, as well as the lack of definitive diagnostic characters, the variable presence of characters originally described as autapomorphic of Latenivenatrix in specimens of Stenonychosaurus, and the extensive overlap of frontals of both in morphospace, L. mcmasterae was considered to be a junior synonym of S. inequalis.[1]
Phylogeny
[edit]
Latenivenatrix was found to be a derived troodontid (part of the newly defined Troodontinae), probably related to coeval Asian forms such as Linhevenator and Philovenator.[2]
Paleobiology
[edit]Latenivenatrix was the largest known troodontid, with a maximum total body length estimated to 3.5 m (11.5 ft). As a derived troodontid, it was probably a semi-omnivorous biped with loss of the skills of a primitive flyer.
Paleopathology
[edit]A parietal bone catalogued as TMP 79.8.1 bears a "pathological aperture". In 1985, Phil Currie hypothesized that this aperture was caused by a cyst. Tanke and Rothschild interpreted it as a possible bite wound in 1999. One hatchling specimen may have suffered from a congenital defect, which resulted in the front part of its jaw being twisted.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Cullen, Thomas M.; Zanno, Lindsay; Larson, Derek W.; Todd, Erinn; Currie, Philip J.; Evans, David C. (30 June 2021). "Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation1". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. doi:10.1139/cjes-2020-0145.
- ^ a b c d e f van der Reest, A. J.; Currie, P. J. (2017). "Troodontids (Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (9): 919−935. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0031. hdl:1807/78296.
- ^ Molnar, R. E., 2001, Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 337-363.
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