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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> |
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The following is a '''timeline of the [[Bonn#History|history]] of the city of [[Bonn]]''', [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]]. |
The following is a '''timeline of the [[Bonn#History|history]] of the city of [[Bonn]]''', [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]]. |
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{{Dynamic list}} |
{{Dynamic list}} |
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{{TOC right}} |
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==Prior to 19th century== |
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{{History of Germany}} |
{{History of Germany}} |
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* 70 CE - Roman-[[Batavi (Germanic tribe)|Batavian]] conflict.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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==Prior to 16th century== |
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* |
* 359 CE - Town of the [[Ubii]] restored by the [[Julian (emperor)|emperor Julian]].<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 889 CE - Settlement sacked by Norse raiders.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 889 AD - Settlement sacked by Norse.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1151 - [[Doppelkirche Schwarzrheindorf]] consecrated. |
* 1151 - [[Doppelkirche Schwarzrheindorf]] consecrated. |
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* 13th C. - [[Bonn Minster]] (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 13th century - [[Bonn Minster]] (church) built. |
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* 1318 - Minoretenkirche (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
* 1318 - Minoretenkirche (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1543 - [[Global spread of the printing press|Printing press]] in operation.<ref name="Bouchot1890">{{cite book|author= Henri Bouchot |editor=H. Grevel |location=London |title=The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time|year=1890|publisher=H. Grevel & Co. |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 |chapter=Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established |author-link=Henri Bouchot }}</ref> |
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==16th-18th centuries== |
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* 1597 - Bonn becomes capital of the [[Electorate of Cologne]].{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} |
* 1597 - Bonn becomes capital of the [[Electorate of Cologne]].{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} |
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* 1627 - {{ill|Kreuzbergkirche (Bonn)|de}} (church) built. |
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* 1627 - Kreuzbergkirche (church) built. |
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* 1673 - November: [[Siege of Bonn (1673)|Siege of Bonn]]. |
* 1673 - November: [[Siege of Bonn (1673)|Siege of Bonn]]. |
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* 1693 - Jesuiten-kirche (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
* 1693 - Jesuiten-kirche (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1730 - Palace built.<ref name=pleimes1845>{{cite book|title=Guide to Bonn and its Environs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6QEIAAAAQAAJ|year=1845 |location=Bonn |publisher=B. Pleimes }}</ref> |
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* 1730 - Palace built.<ref name=pleimes1845>{{cite book|title=Guide to Bonn and its Environs |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6QEIAAAAQAAJ|year=1845 |location=Bonn |publisher=B. Pleimes }}</ref> |
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* 1737 - Town Hall built.<ref name=pleimes1845 /> |
* 1737 - Town Hall built.<ref name=pleimes1845 /> |
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* 1746 - [[Poppelsdorf Palace]] built. |
* 1746 - [[Poppelsdorf Palace]] built. |
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* 1770 - [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] born in Bonn.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1777 - Kurkölnische Akademie Bonn (academy) founded. |
* 1777 - Kurkölnische Akademie Bonn (academy) founded.. |
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* 1792 - Beethoven leaves Bonn for Vienna where he would stay for the rest of his life. |
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* 1793 - [[N. Simrock]] music publisher in business.<ref>{{cite book |editor=[[André de Quadros]] |title=Cambridge Companion to Choral Music |year=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-11173-7 |chapter=Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century |author=Chester L. Alwes |quote=Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b79Dc9sHDtMC&pg=PA39 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_y2e8 }}</ref> |
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* 1794 - French in power.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1794 - French took power; sanctioned by the [[Treaty of Lunéville]].<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1800 - {{ill|Johann Joseph Eichhoff|de}} becomes mayor. |
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==19th century== |
==19th century== |
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* 1800 - Johann Joseph Eichhoff becomes mayor. |
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* 1815 - Town becomes part of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] per [[Congress of Vienna]].<ref name=brit1910 /> |
* 1815 - Town becomes part of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] per [[Congress of Vienna]].<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1818 - [[University of Bonn|Rhenish Frederic William University]] and [[Akademisches Kunstmuseum|Academic Art Museum]] established. |
* 1818 - [[University of Bonn|Rhenish Frederic William University]] and [[Akademisches Kunstmuseum|Academic Art Museum]] established. |
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* 1820 - Museum of Antiquities founded. |
* 1820 - Museum of Antiquities founded. |
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* 1822 - Town becomes part of the [[Rhine Province]]. |
* 1822 - Town becomes part of the [[Rhine Province]]. |
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* 1841 - Society of the Friends of Antiquity founded.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Which Past for Whom? Local Memory in a German Community during the Era of Nation Building |author= John Eidson |journal= Ethos |volume= 28 |issue= 4 |pages= 575–607 |year=2000 |jstor=640617 |doi= 10.1525/eth.2000.28.4.575 }}</ref> |
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* 1841 - Society of the Friends of Antiquity founded.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Which Past for Whom? Local Memory in a German Community during the Era of Nation Building |author= John Eidson |journal= Ethos |volume= 28 |year=2000 |jstor=640617 }}</ref> |
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* 1844 - [[Bonn Hauptbahnhof|Railway Station]] built; [[Bonn–Cologne Railway Company|Bonn–Cologne Railway]] begins operating. |
* 1844 - [[Bonn Hauptbahnhof|Railway Station]] built; [[Bonn–Cologne Railway Company|Bonn–Cologne Railway]] begins operating. |
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* 1845 - [[Beethovenhalle]] (concert hall) built. |
* 1845 - [[Beethovenhalle]] (concert hall) built. |
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* 1851 - [[Leopold Kaufmann]] becomes mayor. |
* 1851 - [[Leopold Kaufmann]] becomes mayor. |
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* 1859 - ''[[Durchmusterung]]'' astronomical survey begins at the Bonn Observatory. |
* 1859 - ''[[Durchmusterung]]'' astronomical survey begins at the Bonn Observatory. |
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* 1860 - [[Hammerschmidt Villa|Dieckhoff residence]] built. |
* 1860 - [[Hammerschmidt Villa|Dieckhoff residence]] built. |
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* 1862 - Herz Jesu-kirche (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
* 1862 - Herz Jesu-kirche (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1867 - Population: 63,630.<ref name="Niederstetter1867">{{cite book|editor=J. Niederstetter|title=Staats-Almanach für das Königreich Preußen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kCMBAAAAcAAJ|year=1867|publisher=Heymann |location=Berlin |language=de }}</ref> |
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* 1867 - Population: 63,630.<ref name="Niederstetter1867">{{cite book|editor=J. Niederstetter|title=Staats-Almanach für das Königreich Preußen |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kCMBAAAAcAAJ|year=1867|publisher=Heymann |location=Berlin |language=German }}</ref> |
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* 1871 - [[Bonn-Beuel station]] opens. |
* 1871 - [[Bonn-Beuel station]] opens. |
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* 1882 - Municipal museum active.<ref name=brit1910>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bonn |volume= 4 | page = 209}}</ref> |
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* 1882 - Municipal museum active.<ref name=brit1910>{{Citation |publisher = Encyclopaedia Britannica |publication-place = New York |title = The Encyclopaedia Britannica |chapterurl = http://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri04chisrich#page/209/mode/1up |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 14782424 |edition=11th |chapter=Bonn }}</ref> |
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* 1884 - [[Bonn Hauptbahnhof|Railway Station]] rebuilt. |
* 1884 - [[Bonn Hauptbahnhof|Railway Station]] rebuilt. |
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* 1885 - Population: 35,989.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1888 - the local newspaper [[General-Anzeiger]] was first published |
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* 1889 - [[Beethoven House]] museum opens.<ref name=kunsthandbuch1904>{{cite book|author=Königliche Museen zu Berlin|title=Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=N6ADAAAAYAAJ |edition=6th |language=German |year=1904|publisher=Georg Reimer}}</ref> |
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* 1889 - [[Beethoven House]] museum opens.<ref name=kunsthandbuch1904>{{cite book|author=Königliche Museen zu Berlin|title=Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland |url= https://archive.org/details/kunsthandbuchfr00berlgoog |edition=6th |language=de |year=1904|publisher=Georg Reimer}}</ref><ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1890 - Beethovenfest active.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.beethovenfest.de/chronologie/ |title=Beethoven Fest Bonn Chronology | |
* 1890 - [[Beethovenfest]] active.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.beethovenfest.de/chronologie/ |title=Beethoven Fest Bonn Chronology |access-date=15 November 2013}}</ref> |
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* 1891 - [[Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn|Provincial Museum]] of Rhenish and Roman Antiquities opens.<ref name=bradshaw1896>{{Citation |date = 1896 |title = Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book for Belgium and the Rhine; and Portions of Rhenish Germany |location = London |publisher = W.J. Adams & Sons |chapter=Bonn |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pGQDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA101 |title-link = Bradshaw's Guide }}</ref> |
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* 1891 - [[Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn|Provincial Museum]] of Rhenish and Roman Antiquities opens.<ref name=bradshaw1896>{{Citation |publication-date = 1896 |title = [[Bradshaw's Guide|Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book for Belgium and the Rhine; and Portions of Rhenish Germany]] |publication-place = London |publisher = W.J. Adams & Sons |chapter=Bonn |chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=pGQDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA101 }}</ref> |
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* 1892 - Marienkirche (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
* 1892 - Marienkirche (church) built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1898 - Rhine [[Kennedy Bridge (Bonn)|bridge]] built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
* 1898 - Rhine [[Kennedy Bridge (Bonn)|bridge]] built.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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[[File:Bonn 1900.jpg|thumb|Bonn at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries]] |
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==20th century== |
==20th century== |
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===1900s-1940s=== |
===1900s-1940s=== |
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{{Expand section|date=November 2013}} |
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* 1904 - Photographische Vereinigung Bonn and Amateur-Photographen-Club Bonn active (approximate date).<ref>{{cite book|title=American Annual of Photography and Photographic Times Almanac for 1904|chapter=Foreign Camera Clubs: German |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015067127715?urlappend=%3Bseq=439 |location=New York |publisher=Scovill & Adams Company }}</ref> |
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* 1904 - Photographische Vereinigung Bonn and Amateur-Photographen-Club Bonn active (approximate date).<ref>{{cite book|title=American Annual of Photography and Photographic Times Almanac for 1904|chapter=Foreign Camera Clubs: German |location=New York |publisher=Scovill & Adams Company |hdl=2027/mdp.39015067127715 }}</ref> |
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* 1905 - Population: 81,997.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
* 1905 - Population: 81,997.<ref name=brit1910 /> |
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* 1913 - Stollfuß Verlag (publisher) in business.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} |
* 1913 - Stollfuß Verlag (publisher) in business.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} |
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* 1919 - Population: 91,410.<ref>{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1921 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Germany: Principal Towns |via=Hathi Trust |hdl=2027/njp.32101072368440 |title-link=Statesman's Year-Book }}</ref> |
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* 1922 - [[Gummy bear]] candy invented.<ref name=Heinzelmann2008timeline>{{cite book|author= Ursula Heinzelmann |title=Food Culture in Germany|year= 2008|publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-34495-4 |chapter=Timeline |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ULLygtLOI-kC&pg=PR15 |author-link=Ursula Heinzelmann}}</ref> |
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* 1934 - [[Museum Koenig]] (natural history museum) opens. |
* 1934 - [[Museum Koenig]] (natural history museum) opens. |
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* 1939 - Population: 101,391.<ref name=webster1960>{{Citation |publisher = G. & C. Merriam Co. |location = Springfield, Massachusetts |title = Webster's Geographical Dictionary |date = 1960 |oclc = 3832886 |page= 145 |ol = 5812502M }}</ref> |
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* 1944 |
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* 1939 - Population: 101,391.<ref name=webster1960>{{Citation |publisher = G. & C. Merriam Co. |publication-place = Springfield, Massachusetts |title = Webster's Geographical Dictionary |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL5812502M/Webster's_geographical_dictionary |publication-date = 1960 |oclc = 3832886 |page= 145 }}</ref> |
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** 4 May: ''Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn'' [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp established.<ref name=alb>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=496|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=20 August 2022|language=de}}</ref> |
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** 14 May: ''Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn-Bad Godesberg'' forced labour camp established.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=96|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn-Bad Godesberg|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=20 August 2022|language=de}}</ref> |
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** 28 November: ''Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn'' forced labour camp dissolved.<ref name=alb/> |
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* 1945 |
* 1945 |
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** March: |
** March: [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|American forces]] take city. |
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** [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied occupation of Germany]] begins; [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] overseen by British forces. |
** [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied occupation of Germany]] begins; [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] overseen by British forces. |
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* 1947 - [[Kunstmuseum Bonn]] (art museum) founded. |
* 1947 - [[Kunstmuseum Bonn]] (art museum) founded. |
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* 1949 |
* 1949 |
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** May: City designated [[Capital of Germany|capital]] of [[Federal Republic of Germany]].<ref name=webster1960 /> |
** May: City designated [[Capital of Germany|capital]] of [[Federal Republic of Germany]].<ref name=webster1960 /> |
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===1950s-1990s=== |
===1950s-1990s=== |
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* 1950 - [[Cologne Bonn Airport]] in operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koeln-bonn-airport.de/en/company/history.html |title=Historic Milestones |work= Cologne Bonn Airport |publisher=Flughafen Köln/Bonn GmbH |location=Cologne | |
* 1950 - [[Cologne Bonn Airport]] in operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koeln-bonn-airport.de/en/company/history.html |title=Historic Milestones |work= Cologne Bonn Airport |publisher=Flughafen Köln/Bonn GmbH |location=Cologne |access-date=15 November 2013}}</ref> |
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** [[Hammerschmidt Villa]] designated residence of the [[President of Germany]]. |
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* 1951 |
* 1951 |
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** {{Interlanguage link multi|Verein der Ausländischen Presse in Deutschland|de}} (foreign press association) formed.<ref name=europa2003>{{cite book |title= Europa World Year Book 2003 |year= 2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85743-227-5}}</ref> |
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** [[Hammerschmidt Villa]] designated residence of the [[President of Germany]]. |
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** Verein der Ausländischen Presse (Foreign Press Association) formed.<ref name=europa2003>{{cite book |title= Europa World Year Book 2003 |year= 2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85743-227-5}}</ref> |
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* 1959 - [[Beethovenhalle]] rebuilt. |
* 1959 - [[Beethovenhalle]] rebuilt. |
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* 1963 - [[Independent Bonn International School|British Embassy Preparatory School]] founded. |
* 1963 - [[Independent Bonn International School|British Embassy Preparatory School]] founded. |
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* 1967 - [[Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn]] (museum) rebuilt. |
* 1967 - [[Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn]] (museum) rebuilt. |
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* 1969 |
* 1969 |
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** [[Bad Godesberg]], Beuel, and Duisdorf become part of city.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Metropolitan Reorganization in West Germany |author=Conrad J. Weiler, Jr. |journal= Publius |volume= 2 |year= 1972 |jstor=3329509 }}</ref> |
** [[Bad Godesberg]], Beuel, and Duisdorf become part of city.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Metropolitan Reorganization in West Germany |author=Conrad J. Weiler, Jr. |journal= Publius |volume= 2 |issue=1 |pages=26–68 |year= 1972 |jstor=3329509 }}</ref> |
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** [[Euro Theater Central Bonn|Central Theater]] and [[Junges Theater Bonn|Youth Theater]] founded. |
** [[Euro Theater Central Bonn|Central Theater]] and [[Junges Theater Bonn|Youth Theater]] founded. |
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* 1970 - [[United Nations Volunteers]] headquartered in Bonn. |
* 1970 - [[United Nations Volunteers]] headquartered in Bonn. |
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* 1975 |
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* |
** [[Bonn Stadtbahn]] (public transit) begins operating; [[Bundesrechnungshof (SWB)|Bundesrechnungshof]] station opens. |
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** [[Hans Daniels]] becomes mayor. |
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* 1978 - July: [[4th G7 summit]] held. |
* 1978 - July: [[4th G7 summit]] held. |
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* 1979 - City hosts [[Bundesgartenschau]] (garden show).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesgartenschau.de/buga-iga/bisherige-gartenschauen/ |title=Bisherige Gartenschauen |language=de |trans-title=Previous Garden Shows |publisher=Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft |location=Bonn |access-date=2 December 2013}}</ref> |
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* 1979 - City hosts [[Bundesgartenschau]] (garden show).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesgartenschau.de/buga-iga/bisherige-gartenschauen/ |title=Bisherige Gartenschauen |language=German |trans_title=Previous Garden Shows |publisher=Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft |location=Bonn |accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> |
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* 1980 - University of Bonn's [[Max Planck Institute for Mathematics]] established. |
* 1980 - University of Bonn's [[Max Planck Institute for Mathematics]] established. |
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* 1981 -[[Bonn Women's Museum]] founded.[[File:Massale vredesdemonstratie in Bonn tegen de modernisering van kernwapens in West, Bestanddeelnr 253-8611.jpg|thumb|Protest in Bonn against the deployment of [[Pershing II]] missiles in Germany, 1981]] |
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* 1981 -[[Bonn Women's Museum]] founded. |
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* 1982 - 10 June: [[1982 Bonn summit|NATO summit]] held. |
* 1982 - 10 June: [[1982 Bonn summit|NATO summit]] held. |
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* 1984 - [[Botanische Gärten der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn|Bonn Botanical Garden]] reconstructed. |
* 1984 - [[Botanische Gärten der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn|Bonn Botanical Garden]] reconstructed. |
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* 1985 |
* 1985 |
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** [[Rheinisches Malermuseum]] (art museum) established. |
** [[Rheinisches Malermuseum]] (art museum) established. |
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** May: [[11th G7 summit]] held. |
** May: [[11th G7 summit]] held. |
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* 1986 - [[Heimatmuseum Beuel]] (museum) established. |
* 1986 - [[Heimatmuseum Beuel]] (museum) established. |
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* 1989 - [[International Paralympic Committee]] headquartered in city.<ref name=europa2003 /> |
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*1991 - [[Capital decision]] (''Hauptstadtbeschluss)'' |
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* 1989 - [[International Paralympic Committee]] headquarterd in city.<ref name=europa2003 /> |
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* 1992 - [[Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland|Bundeskunsthalle]] (exhibit hall) inaugurated. |
* 1992 - [[Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland|Bundeskunsthalle]] (exhibit hall) inaugurated. |
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* 1994 |
* 1994 |
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** [[Bärbel Dieckmann]] becomes mayor. |
** [[Bärbel Dieckmann]] becomes mayor. |
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** [[Haus der Geschichte]] (history museum) opens. |
** [[Haus der Geschichte]] (history museum) opens. |
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* 1995 - [[Deutsches Museum Bonn]], and University of Bonn's [[Center of Advanced European Studies and Research]] and [[Center for European Integration Studies]] established. |
* 1995 - [[Deutsches Museum Bonn]], and University of Bonn's [[Center of Advanced European Studies and Research]] and [[Center for European Integration Studies]] established. |
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* 1996 - [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] secretariat headquartered in Bonn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/secretariat/history_of_the_secretariat/items/1218.php |title=History of the Secretariat |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |access-date=15 November 2013}}</ref> |
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* |
* 1997 - [[Bonn International School]] and Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht (Society for Arab and Islamic Law)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gair.de/english/association/history/ |title= History |publisher= Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht |access-date=15 November 2013}}</ref> established. |
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* 1997 - [[Bonn International School]] and Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht (Society for Arab and Islamic Law)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gair.de/english/association/history/ |title= History |publisher= Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht |accessdate=15 November 2013}}</ref> established. |
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* 1998 - [[Institute for the Study of Labor]] founded. |
* 1998 - [[Institute for the Study of Labor]] founded. |
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* 1999 |
* 1999 |
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** [[German Bundestag]] (legislature) relocated from Bonn to Berlin per [[Berlin-Bonn Act]]. |
** [[German Bundestag]] (legislature) relocated from Bonn to Berlin per [[Berlin-Bonn Act]]. |
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==21st century== |
==21st century== |
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{{Expand section|date=November 2013}} |
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* 2001 - University of Bonn's [[Bonn Egyptian Museum|Egyptian Museum]] founded. |
* 2001 - University of Bonn's [[Bonn Egyptian Museum|Egyptian Museum]] founded. |
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* 2002 |
* 2002 |
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** [[Post Tower]] and [[Schürmann-Bau]] (office building) constructed. |
** [[Post Tower]] and [[Schürmann-Bau]] (office building) constructed. |
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** [[UNESCO]]-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training inaugurated.<ref name=europa2003 /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bonn.de/wirtschaft_wissenschaft_internationales/uno-stadt/un_organisationen/index.html?lang=en |title=United Nations in Bonn |publisher=City of Bonn | |
** [[UNESCO]]-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training inaugurated.<ref name=europa2003 /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bonn.de/wirtschaft_wissenschaft_internationales/uno-stadt/un_organisationen/index.html?lang=en |title=United Nations in Bonn |publisher=City of Bonn |access-date=15 November 2013}}</ref> |
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* 2005 - Events of the [[World Youth Day 2005]] were held in Bonn |
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* 2006 - Official opening of the [[UN Campus, Bonn|Bonn UN Campus]] by [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] [[Kofi Annan]] and [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]] |
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* 2009 |
* 2009 |
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** Jürgen Nimptsch becomes mayor.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/german-mayors.html |title=German mayors |location=London |work=City Mayors.com |publisher=[[City Mayors Foundation]] | |
** {{Interlanguage link multi|Jürgen Nimptsch|de}} becomes mayor.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/german-mayors.html |title=German mayors |location=London |work=City Mayors.com |publisher=[[City Mayors Foundation]] |access-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> |
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** Student protests.<ref name=GNAD>{{cite web |title=Cases: Germany |url= http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/browse?title_op=contains&title=&field_loc_country_value_op=contains&field_loc_country_value=germany |work=Global Nonviolent Action Database |publisher=[[Swarthmore College]] |location=Pennsylvania, USA | |
** Student protests.<ref name=GNAD>{{cite web |title=Cases: Germany |url= http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/browse?title_op=contains&title=&field_loc_country_value_op=contains&field_loc_country_value=germany |work=Global Nonviolent Action Database |publisher=[[Swarthmore College]] |location=Pennsylvania, USA |access-date=15 November 2013 }}</ref> |
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[[File:Bonn - Zentrum, Luftaufnahme.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the city center in 2013]] |
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* 2011 - The celebrations for the [[German Unity Day|Day of German Unity]] take place in Bonn |
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* 2012 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Explosives found at Bonn Central Station 2012|de|Sprengsatzfund am Bonner Hauptbahnhof 2012|WD=|lt=attempted bomb attack on Bonn Central Station}} |
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* 2015 |
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** After 9 years of construction, the {{Interlanguage link multi|World Conference Center Bonn|de||WD=}} was opened |
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** [[Ashok-Alexander Sridharan]] becomes mayor<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bonn-waehlt-neuen-cdu-oberbuergermeister-a-1052732.html|title=Neuer Oberbürgermeister: CDU-Kandidat in Bonn gewählt|date=2015-09-13|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=2018-04-29}}</ref> |
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* 2017 |
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** Meeting of the [[Foreign minister|ministers of Foreign Affairs]] of the [[G20|Group of 20]] |
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** [[2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (COP23) under the Presidency of the [[Fiji|Republic of Fiji]] in Bonn |
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* 2019 - [[University of Bonn]] becomes [[German Universities Excellence Initiative|excellence university]] |
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* 2020 - [[Katja Dörner]] is elected new mayor |
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* 2023 - [[Telekom Baskets Bonn]] win the [[2022–23 Basketball Champions League|Basketball Champions League]] as first German team and first title in the club´s history. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[Bonn#History| |
* [[Bonn#History|Bonn history]] |
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* [[List of mayors of Bonn]] |
* [[List of mayors of Bonn]] |
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* |
* {{Interlanguage link multi|History of the city of Bonn|de|3=Geschichte der Stadt Bonn}} |
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* [[:it:Bonna|Bonna]] (in Italian), settlement in the [[Roman province]] of [[Germania Inferior]] |
* [[:it:Bonna|Bonna]] (in Italian), settlement in the [[Roman province]] of [[Germania Inferior]] |
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* [[:Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Timelines]] of other [[List of cities in Germany by population|cities]] in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:<sup>([[:de:Liste der Städte und Gemeinden in Nordrhein-Westfalen|de]])</sup> [[Timeline of Aachen|Aachen]], [[Timeline of Cologne|Cologne]], [[Timeline of Dortmund|Dortmund]], [[Timeline of Duisburg|Duisburg]], [[Timeline of Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf]], [[Timeline of Essen|Essen]], [[Timeline of Münster|Münster]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist| |
{{reflist|30em}} |
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''This article incorporates information from the [[German Wikipedia]].'' |
:''This article incorporates information from the [[German Wikipedia]].'' |
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==Further reading== |
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{{refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{Citation |publisher = J. Johnson |publication-place = London |title = The Rhine |author = T. Cogan |publication-date = 1794 |oclc = 4735435 |chapter=Bonn |chapterurl=http://archive.org/stream/rhineorajourney00cogagoog#page/n23/mode/2up }} |
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===Published in the 19th century=== |
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;English-language |
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* {{cite book|editor=[[Francis Lieber]] and Edward Wigglesworth |title=Encyclopædia Americana |year=1830|publisher=[[Mathew Carey|Carey]] and Lea |location=Philadelphia |chapter=Bonn |chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=3p83JuGCBVwC&pg=PA185 }} |
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* {{Citation |publisher = [[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|J. Murray]] |publication-place = London |title = Murray's Handbook for Belgium and the Rhine |publication-date = 1852 |chapter=Bonn |chapterurl= http://www.archive.org/stream/murrayshandbookf00murr#page/140/mode/2up }} |
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* {{cite book|title=Description of the Rhine Valley from Cologne to Mayence |year=1856|publisher=T. Habicht |location=Bonn |chapter=Bonn |chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=vTxAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15 }} |
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* {{cite book |title=Geography |volume=2 |series=[[English Cyclopaedia]] |editor=Charles Knight |location=London |year=1866 |publisher=Bradbury, Evans, & Co. |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000064794?urlappend=%3Bseq=25 |chapter=Bonn }} |
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* {{Citation |publisher = Harper & Brothers |publication-place = New York |author = W. Pembroke Fetridge |title = [[Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers|Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East]] |publication-date = 1884 |edition=23rd |chapter=Bonn |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433066588363?urlappend=%3Bseq=213}} |
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;German-language |
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* {{Citation |publisher = Tobias Habicht |location=Bonn |author = B. Hundeshagen |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL23434076M/Die_Stadt_und_Universität_Bonn_am_Rhein |title = Die Stadt und Universität Bonn am Rhein |publication-date = 1832 |oclc = 165879286 |language=German |trans_title=City and University of Bonn on the Rhine }} |
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* {{Citation |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/ia:geschichtederst00mlgoog/Geschichte_der_Stadt_Bonn |title = Geschichte der Stadt Bonn |trans_title=History of the City of Bonn |language=German |publication-date = 1834 |location=Bonn |author=Caspar A. Müller }} |
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==Bibliography== |
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* {{cite book|author=Franz Ritter|title= Entstehung der drei ältesten Städte am Rheine oder Urgeschichte von Mainz, Bonn u. Köln|trans_title=Emergence of the three oldest cities on the Rhine, or prehistory of Mainz, Bonn and Cologne |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=K3cAAAAAcAAJ|year=1851|publisher=A. Marcus |language=German }} |
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{{refbegin|35em}} |
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=== |
===in English=== |
||
* {{Citation |publisher = J. Johnson |location = London |title = The Rhine |author = T. Cogan |date = 1794 |oclc = 4735435 |chapter=Bonn |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/rhineorajourney00cogagoog#page/n23/mode/2up }} |
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;English-language |
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* {{cite book|editor=[[Francis Lieber]] and Edward Wigglesworth |title=Encyclopædia Americana |year=1830|publisher=[[Mathew Carey|Carey]] and Lea |location=Philadelphia |chapter=Bonn |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3p83JuGCBVwC&pg=PA185 }} |
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* {{Citation |publisher = Hoursch & Bechstedt |publication-place = Cologne |title =Guide to the Rhine |author = G. Holscher |publication-date = 1900 |oclc = 8672751 |chapter=Bonn |chapterurl= http://archive.org/stream/guidetorhinedesc00hols#page/20/mode/2up |edition=3rd }} |
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* {{Citation |publisher = [[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|J. Murray]] |location = London |title = Murray's Handbook for Belgium and the Rhine |date = 1852 |chapter=Bonn |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/murrayshandbookf00murr#page/140/mode/2up }} |
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* {{cite book|title=Description of the Rhine Valley from Cologne to Mayence |year=1856|publisher=T. Habicht |location=Bonn |chapter=Bonn |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vTxAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15 }} |
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* {{cite book |title=Geography |volume=2 |series=[[English Cyclopaedia]] |editor=Charles Knight |location=London |year=1866 |publisher=Bradbury, Evans, & Co. |chapter=Bonn |hdl=2027/nyp.33433000064794 }} |
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* {{Citation |publisher = Harper & Brothers |location = New York |author = W. Pembroke Fetridge |title = Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East |date = 1884 |edition=23rd |chapter=Bonn |hdl = 2027/nyp.33433066588363 |title-link = Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers }} |
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* {{Citation |publisher = Hoursch & Bechstedt |location = Cologne |title =Guide to the Rhine |author = G. Holscher |date = 1900 |oclc = 8672751 |chapter=Bonn |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/guidetorhinedesc00hols#page/20/mode/2up |edition=3rd }} |
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* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bonn |volume= 4 | page = 209 | |date= 1910 |short= 1}} |
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*{{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipzig |title = The Rhine |chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/rhineincludingb00firgoog#page/n158/mode/2up |chapter=Bonn |date = 1911 |oclc = 21888483 }} |
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* {{cite book |
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|editor=John M. Jeep |
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|title=Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia |
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|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p4uHav3mZLsC |
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|year= 2001 |
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|publisher=[[Garland Publishing]] |isbn=0-8240-7644-3 |
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|chapter=Augsburg |
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}} |
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===in German=== |
|||
*{{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipzig |title = The Rhine |chapterurl = http://www.archive.org/stream/rhineincludingb00firgoog#page/n158/mode/2up |chapter=Bonn |publication-date = 1911 |oclc = 21888483 }} |
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* {{Citation |publisher = Tobias Habicht |location=Bonn |author = B. Hundeshagen |title = Die Stadt und Universität Bonn am Rhein |date = 1832 |oclc = 165879286 |language=de |trans-title=City and University of Bonn on the Rhine |ol=23434076M }} |
|||
* {{Citation |url = https://openlibrary.org/books/ia:geschichtederst00mlgoog/Geschichte_der_Stadt_Bonn |title = Geschichte der Stadt Bonn |trans-title=History of the City of Bonn |language=de |date = 1834 |location=Bonn |author=Caspar A. Müller }} |
|||
* {{cite book|author=Franz Ritter|title= Entstehung der drei ältesten Städte am Rheine oder Urgeschichte von Mainz, Bonn u. Köln|trans-title=Emergence of the three oldest cities on the Rhine, or prehistory of Mainz, Bonn and Cologne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3cAAAAAcAAJ|year=1851|publisher=A. Marcus |language=de }} |
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* {{cite book |
|||
|title=Kleiner Führer für die Rhein-Reise von Köln bis Frankfurt |
|||
|trans-title=Short guide for a trip along the Rhine from Cologne to Frankfurt |
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|series=[[Griebens Reisebücher]] |
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|volume=75 |
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|location=Berlin |
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|publisher=Albert Goldschmidt |
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|year=1900 |
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|via=Google Books |
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|language=de |
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|chapter= Bonn |
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|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPsVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA24 |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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|editor = [[Paul Clemen]] |
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|series = {{Interlanguage link multi|Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz|de}} |
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|publisher =Schwann |
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|volume=5 |
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|title =Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und des Kreises Bonn |
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|location =Dusseldorf |
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|year =1905 |
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|language =de |
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|url =http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009438435 |
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}} |
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* {{citation |
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|series=Rheinischer Städteatlas |
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|editor= Klaus Flink |
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|language=de |
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|volume= 1 |
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|year= 1978 |
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|edition=2nd |
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|title= Bonn |
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}} |
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;German-language |
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* {{cite book|author=Paul Clemen |title= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und des Kreises Bonn |trans_title=Historical monuments of the city and the county of Bonn |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZqUNAAAAYAAJ|year=1905|publisher=L. Schwann |location=Dusseldorf |language=German |series=Kunstdenkmaler der Rheinprovinz }} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Bonn}} |
{{Commons category|History of Bonn}} |
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* {{cite web |publisher=City of Bonn |url=http://www.bonn.de/familie_gesellschaft_bildung_soziales/stadtarchiv/stadtchronik/index.html?lang=en |title= History of the City }} |
* {{cite web |publisher=City of Bonn |url=http://www.bonn.de/familie_gesellschaft_bildung_soziales/stadtarchiv/stadtchronik/index.html?lang=en |title= History of the City }} |
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* Europeana. [ |
* Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=what%3Abonn+germany&rows=96 Items related to Bonn], various dates |
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* [https://www.bonn.de/themen-entdecken/bildung-lernen/zeittafel.php Timeline of the city archive of Bonn] (in German) |
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{{Germany year nav}} |
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{{coord|50.733992|7.099814|type:city_region:DE|display=title}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} |
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[[Category:History of Bonn| ]] |
[[Category:History of Bonn| ]] |
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[[Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Bonn]] |
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Bonn]] |
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[[Category:Lists by city in Germany|bonn]] |
Latest revision as of 23:10, 22 July 2024
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Prior to 19th century
[edit]History of Germany |
---|
- 70 CE - Roman-Batavian conflict.[1]
- 359 CE - Town of the Ubii restored by the emperor Julian.[1]
- 889 CE - Settlement sacked by Norse raiders.[1]
- 1151 - Doppelkirche Schwarzrheindorf consecrated.
- 13th C. - Bonn Minster (church) built.[1]
- 1318 - Minoretenkirche (church) built.[1]
- 1543 - Printing press in operation.[2]
- 1597 - Bonn becomes capital of the Electorate of Cologne.[citation needed]
- 1627 - Kreuzbergkirche (Bonn) (church) built.
- 1673 - November: Siege of Bonn.
- 1693 - Jesuiten-kirche (church) built.[1]
- 1730 - Palace built.[3]
- 1737 - Town Hall built.[3]
- 1746 - Poppelsdorf Palace built.
- 1770 - Ludwig van Beethoven born in Bonn.[1]
- 1777 - Kurkölnische Akademie Bonn (academy) founded..
- 1792 - Beethoven leaves Bonn for Vienna where he would stay for the rest of his life.
- 1793 - N. Simrock music publisher in business.[4]
- 1794 - French took power; sanctioned by the Treaty of Lunéville.[1]
- 1800 - Johann Joseph Eichhoff becomes mayor.
19th century
[edit]- 1815 - Town becomes part of Prussia per Congress of Vienna.[1]
- 1818 - Rhenish Frederic William University and Academic Art Museum established.
- 1820 - Museum of Antiquities founded.
- 1822 - Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
- 1841 - Society of the Friends of Antiquity founded.[5]
- 1844 - Railway Station built; Bonn–Cologne Railway begins operating.
- 1845 - Beethovenhalle (concert hall) built.
- 1851 - Leopold Kaufmann becomes mayor.
- 1859 - Durchmusterung astronomical survey begins at the Bonn Observatory.
- 1860 - Dieckhoff residence built.
- 1862 - Herz Jesu-kirche (church) built.[1]
- 1867 - Population: 63,630.[6]
- 1871 - Bonn-Beuel station opens.
- 1882 - Municipal museum active.[1]
- 1884 - Railway Station rebuilt.
- 1885 - Population: 35,989.[1]
- 1888 - the local newspaper General-Anzeiger was first published
- 1889 - Beethoven House museum opens.[7][1]
- 1890 - Beethovenfest active.[8]
- 1891 - Provincial Museum of Rhenish and Roman Antiquities opens.[9]
- 1892 - Marienkirche (church) built.[1]
- 1898 - Rhine bridge built.[1]
20th century
[edit]1900s-1940s
[edit]- 1904 - Photographische Vereinigung Bonn and Amateur-Photographen-Club Bonn active (approximate date).[10]
- 1905 - Population: 81,997.[1]
- 1913 - Stollfuß Verlag (publisher) in business.[citation needed]
- 1919 - Population: 91,410.[11]
- 1922 - Gummy bear candy invented.[12]
- 1934 - Museum Koenig (natural history museum) opens.
- 1939 - Population: 101,391.[13]
- 1944
- 4 May: Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn forced labour camp established.[14]
- 14 May: Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn-Bad Godesberg forced labour camp established.[15]
- 28 November: Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn forced labour camp dissolved.[14]
- 1945
- March: American forces take city.
- Allied occupation of Germany begins; North Rhine-Westphalia overseen by British forces.
- 1947 - Kunstmuseum Bonn (art museum) founded.
- 1949
- May: City designated capital of Federal Republic of Germany.[13]
- Bundestag (national legislature) begins meeting in the Bundeshaus.
- Rhine bridge rebuilt.
1950s-1990s
[edit]- 1950 - Cologne Bonn Airport in operation.[16]
- Hammerschmidt Villa designated residence of the President of Germany.
- 1951
- Verein der Ausländischen Presse in Deutschland (foreign press association) formed.[17]
- 1959 - Beethovenhalle rebuilt.
- 1963 - British Embassy Preparatory School founded.
- 1967 - Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn (museum) rebuilt.
- 1969
- Bad Godesberg, Beuel, and Duisdorf become part of city.[18]
- Central Theater and Youth Theater founded.
- 1970 - United Nations Volunteers headquartered in Bonn.
- 1975
- Bonn Stadtbahn (public transit) begins operating; Bundesrechnungshof station opens.
- Hans Daniels becomes mayor.
- 1978 - July: 4th G7 summit held.
- 1979 - City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).[19]
- 1980 - University of Bonn's Max Planck Institute for Mathematics established.
- 1981 -Bonn Women's Museum founded.
- 1982 - 10 June: NATO summit held.
- 1984 - Bonn Botanical Garden reconstructed.
- 1985
- Rheinisches Malermuseum (art museum) established.
- May: 11th G7 summit held.
- 1986 - Heimatmuseum Beuel (museum) established.
- 1989 - International Paralympic Committee headquartered in city.[17]
- 1991 - Capital decision (Hauptstadtbeschluss)
- 1992 - Bundeskunsthalle (exhibit hall) inaugurated.
- 1994
- Bärbel Dieckmann becomes mayor.
- Haus der Geschichte (history museum) opens.
- 1995 - Deutsches Museum Bonn, and University of Bonn's Center of Advanced European Studies and Research and Center for European Integration Studies established.
- 1996 - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change secretariat headquartered in Bonn.[20]
- 1997 - Bonn International School and Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht (Society for Arab and Islamic Law)[21] established.
- 1998 - Institute for the Study of Labor founded.
- 1999
- German Bundestag (legislature) relocated from Bonn to Berlin per Berlin-Bonn Act.
- Federal Court of Auditors and Federal Cartel Office relocated to Bonn.
21st century
[edit]- 2001 - University of Bonn's Egyptian Museum founded.
- 2002
- Post Tower and Schürmann-Bau (office building) constructed.
- UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training inaugurated.[17][22]
- 2005 - Events of the World Youth Day 2005 were held in Bonn
- 2006 - Official opening of the Bonn UN Campus by Secretary-General Kofi Annan and German Chancellor Angela Merkel
- 2009
- Jürgen Nimptsch becomes mayor.[23]
- Student protests.[24]
- 2011 - The celebrations for the Day of German Unity take place in Bonn
- 2012 - attempted bomb attack on Bonn Central Station
- 2015
- After 9 years of construction, the World Conference Center Bonn was opened
- Ashok-Alexander Sridharan becomes mayor[25]
- 2017
- Meeting of the ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Group of 20
- 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP23) under the Presidency of the Republic of Fiji in Bonn
- 2019 - University of Bonn becomes excellence university
- 2020 - Katja Dörner is elected new mayor
- 2023 - Telekom Baskets Bonn win the Basketball Champions League as first German team and first title in the club´s history.
See also
[edit]- Bonn history
- List of mayors of Bonn
- History of the city of Bonn
- Bonna (in Italian), settlement in the Roman province of Germania Inferior
- Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:(de) Aachen, Cologne, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Münster
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 209.
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ a b Guide to Bonn and its Environs. Bonn: B. Pleimes. 1845.
- ^ Chester L. Alwes (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In André de Quadros (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Choral Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7.
Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list)
- ^ John Eidson (2000). "Which Past for Whom? Local Memory in a German Community during the Era of Nation Building". Ethos. 28 (4): 575–607. doi:10.1525/eth.2000.28.4.575. JSTOR 640617.
- ^ J. Niederstetter, ed. (1867). Staats-Almanach für das Königreich Preußen (in German). Berlin: Heymann.
- ^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
- ^ "Beethoven Fest Bonn Chronology". Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "Bonn", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book for Belgium and the Rhine; and Portions of Rhenish Germany, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1896
- ^ "Foreign Camera Clubs: German". American Annual of Photography and Photographic Times Almanac for 1904. New York: Scovill & Adams Company. hdl:2027/mdp.39015067127715.
- ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
- ^ a b Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 145, OCLC 3832886, OL 5812502M
- ^ a b "Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ "Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn-Bad Godesberg". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ "Historic Milestones". Cologne Bonn Airport. Cologne: Flughafen Köln/Bonn GmbH. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ a b c Europa World Year Book 2003. Taylor & Francis. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
- ^ Conrad J. Weiler, Jr. (1972). "Metropolitan Reorganization in West Germany". Publius. 2 (1): 26–68. JSTOR 3329509.
- ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ "History of the Secretariat". United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "History". Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "United Nations in Bonn". City of Bonn. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
- ^ "Cases: Germany". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Pennsylvania, USA: Swarthmore College. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "Neuer Oberbürgermeister: CDU-Kandidat in Bonn gewählt". Spiegel Online. 13 September 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
- This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]in English
[edit]- T. Cogan (1794), "Bonn", The Rhine, London: J. Johnson, OCLC 4735435
- Francis Lieber and Edward Wigglesworth, ed. (1830). "Bonn". Encyclopædia Americana. Philadelphia: Carey and Lea.
- "Bonn", Murray's Handbook for Belgium and the Rhine, London: J. Murray, 1852
- "Bonn". Description of the Rhine Valley from Cologne to Mayence. Bonn: T. Habicht. 1856.
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Bonn". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064794.
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Bonn", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers, hdl:2027/nyp.33433066588363
- G. Holscher (1900), "Bonn", Guide to the Rhine (3rd ed.), Cologne: Hoursch & Bechstedt, OCLC 8672751
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 209. .
- "Bonn", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Augsburg". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
in German
[edit]- B. Hundeshagen (1832), Die Stadt und Universität Bonn am Rhein [City and University of Bonn on the Rhine] (in German), Bonn: Tobias Habicht, OCLC 165879286, OL 23434076M
- Caspar A. Müller (1834), Geschichte der Stadt Bonn [History of the City of Bonn] (in German), Bonn
- Franz Ritter (1851). Entstehung der drei ältesten Städte am Rheine oder Urgeschichte von Mainz, Bonn u. Köln [Emergence of the three oldest cities on the Rhine, or prehistory of Mainz, Bonn and Cologne] (in German). A. Marcus.
- "Bonn". Kleiner Führer für die Rhein-Reise von Köln bis Frankfurt [Short guide for a trip along the Rhine from Cologne to Frankfurt]. Griebens Reisebücher (in German). Vol. 75. Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1900 – via Google Books.
- Paul Clemen, ed. (1905). Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und des Kreises Bonn. Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz (in German). Vol. 5. Dusseldorf: Schwann.
- Klaus Flink, ed. (1978), Bonn, Rheinischer Städteatlas (in German), vol. 1 (2nd ed.)
External links
[edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Bonn.
- "History of the City". City of Bonn.
- Europeana. Items related to Bonn, various dates
- Timeline of the city archive of Bonn (in German)