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{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Jordan – United States|Jordan|USA|mission1=[[Embassy of Jordan, Washington, D.C.]]|mission2=Embassy of the United States, Amman|envoytitle1=[[Excellency|Her Excellency]] [[List of ambassadors of Jordan to the United States|Ambassador]]|envoy1=[[Dina Kawar]]|envoytitle2=[[List of ambassadors of the United States to Jordan|Ambassador]]|envoy2=[[Yael Lempert]]|filetype=svg}}
{{POV-check|date=February 2008}}
[[Jordan]] has been a very close ally of the [[United States]] for decades, dating back to the establishment of bilateral relations between the two countries in 1949.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Anthony J. Blinken |title=75 Years of Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan |url=https://www.state.gov/75-years-of-diplomatic-relations-between-the-united-states-and-the-hashemite-kingdom-of-jordan/ |website=state.gov |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218092913/https://www.state.gov/75-years-of-diplomatic-relations-between-the-united-states-and-the-hashemite-kingdom-of-jordan/ |archive-date=18 February 2024 |date=17 February 2024}}</ref> The country was named a [[major non-NATO ally]] of the U.S. in 1996.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sharp|first1=Jeremy M.|title=Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations|date=February 16, 2018|publisher=Congressional Research Service|location=Washington, DC|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33546.pdf|access-date=22 May 2018}}</ref>
{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Jordan-United States|Jordan|USA|filetype=svg}}


⚫
==History==
'''Jordan-United States relations''' are [[bilateral relations]] between [[Jordan]] and the [[United States]].
[[File:President Carter with king Hussein of Jordan 1977.jpg|thumb|King Hussein meeting US President Jimmy Carter in Washington in 1977]]
[[File:President Donald J. Trump and King Abdullah II of Jordan at the United Nations General Assembly (36747061294).jpg|thumb|King [[Abdullah II of Jordan]] with US President [[Donald Trump]] in October 2017]]
[[File:President Joe Biden walks alongside King Abdullah II.jpg|thumb|King Abdullah II and [[Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan|Crown Prince Hussein]] with US President [[Joe Biden]] in February 2024]]
⚫
Relations between the U.S. and Jordan have been close for over four decades.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Policy & History |url=https://jo.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=U.S. Embassy in Jordan |language=en-US}}</ref> U.S. policy seeks to reinforce Jordan's commitment to peace, stability, and moderation. The peace process and Jordan's opposition to [[terrorism]] parallel and indirectly assist wider U.S. interests. Accordingly, through economic and military assistance and through close political cooperation, the United States has helped Jordan maintain its stability and prosperity.<ref name="BN">"[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3464.htm U.S. Relations With Jordan]" [[Background Notes]]</ref>


Since its inception, Jordan has relied on sponsorship from major Western powers. Great Britain filled this role until the late 1940s; the U.S. stepped in during the 1950s. During the [[Gulf War]] of 1991, Jordan tried to solve the situation in an Arabian framework{{clarify|date=September 2013}} that the U.S. interpreted as pro-Iraq. As a result, the U.S. started monitoring the country's only ocean port, [[Aqaba]], to prevent any supplies from reaching Iraq. Jordan suffered financial hardships for this, and attitudes toward the U.S. only improved during the [[Madrid Conference of 1991]], where the U.S. deemed Jordanian participation as essential.<ref name="Global Perspectives">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Elayyan |first1=Hani Ismael |editor1-last=Levinson |editor1-first=David |editor2-last=Christensen |editor2-first=Karen |encyclopedia=Global Perspectives on the United States: A Nation by Nation Survey |title=Jordan |year=2007 |publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group, Volume 1 |location=Great Barrington, MA |isbn=978-1-933782-06-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/globalperspectiv0000unse_j6p5/page/350 350–4] |url=https://archive.org/details/globalperspectiv0000unse_j6p5/page/350 }}</ref>
⚫
== History ==


[[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah]] advised Washington against the [[2003 Iraq War]], but later allegedly gave the invading coalition some degree of covert and tacit support, despite the overwhelming opinion of his public.<ref>Rick Fawn and Raymond Hinnebusch ''The Iraq Causes and Consequences War'' (US, Colorado: [[Lynne Rienner Publishers]]:2006, p. 143)</ref> The Jordanian government publicly opposed the war against Iraq. The King stressed to the United States and European Union that a diplomatic solution, in accordance with UN Security Council (UNSC) resolutions [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1284|1284]] (1999) and [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1409|1409]] (2002), was the only appropriate model for resolving the conflict between Iraq and the UN.<ref>Rick Fawn and Raymond Hinnebusch ''The Iraq Causes and Consequences War'' (US, Colorado: [[Lynne Rienner Publishers]]:2006, p. 144)</ref> In August 2002 he told ''The Washington Post'' that an attempt to invade Iraq would be a "tremendous mistake" and that it could "throw the whole area into turmoil".<ref>G. Kessler and P. Slevin, "Abdullah: Foreign Oppose Attack; Jordanian King to Urge Bush to Focus on Peace in Mideast, Not Invasion of Iraq," ''Washington Post'', 1 August 2002</ref>
⚫
Relations between the U.S. and Jordan have been close for over four decades. U.S. policy seeks to reinforce Jordan's commitment to peace, stability, and moderation. The peace process and Jordan's opposition to [[terrorism]] parallel and indirectly assist wider U.S. interests. Accordingly, through economic and military assistance and through close political cooperation, the United States has helped Jordan maintain its stability and prosperity.


In February 2023, King Adbullah and [[Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan|Crown Prince Hussein]] met with [[Joe Biden|U.S. President Biden]] at the [[White House]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Biden vows 'unwavering' commitment to Jordan during meeting with king |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/biden-vows-unwavering-commitment-to-jordan-during-meeting-with-king/2804940 |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Biden underlines support for Jordan in meeting with king |url=https://arab.news/6ydk5 |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> The President reaffirmed that the US would support Jordan’s "security and economic prosperity".<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |first=The New Arab Staff & |date=2023-02-03 |title=Biden emphasises support for Jordan in meeting with king |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/biden-emphasises-support-jordan-meeting-king |access-date=2023-02-08 |website= |language=en}}</ref> It was Abdullah's third meeting with President Biden after July 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Resets Ties with Key Arab Ally Jordan After Bumpy Ride |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_us-resets-ties-key-arab-ally-jordan-after-bumpy-ride/6208525.html |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> and July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=House |first=The White |date=2022-07-16 |title=Joint Statement Following Meeting of President Joseph R. Biden and His Majesty King Abdullah II of Jordan in Jeddah |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/16/joint-statement-following-meeting-of-president-joseph-r-biden-and-his-majesty-king-abdullah-ii-of-jordan-in-jeddah/ |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫
Since 1952, the United States has provided Jordan with economic assistance totaling more than $9 billion ($1.3 billion in loans and $7.7 billion in grants), including funds for development projects, [[health care]], [[education]], construction to increase [[water]] availability, support for microeconomic policy shifts toward a more completely [[free market]] system, and both grant and loan acquisition of U.S. agriculture commodities. These programs have been successful and have contributed to Jordanian stability while strengthening the bilateral relationship. U.S. military assistance--provision of material and training--is designed to meet Jordan's legitimate [[national security|defense]] needs, including preservation of border integrity and regional stability. Jordan signed a [[Threshold Agreement]] with the [[Millennium Challenge Corporation]] (MCC) in October 2006, and was subsequently deemed by the MCC to be eligible for a Compact Agreement in recognition of the country's progress on economic, social, and political reform indicators.


On 29 April 2023, a United States bipartisan [[United States House of Representatives|Congressional Delegation]] led by [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Kevin McCarthy]] visited Jordan and met with King Abdullah and Crown Prince Hussein.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-04-30 |title=Speaker McCarthy Delegation Arrives in Jordan |url=https://www.speaker.gov/speaker-mccarthy-delegation-arrives-in-jordan/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Speaker Kevin McCarthy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=House Speaker Kevin McCarthy is in Israel to deliver a historic speech to the Knesset. |url=https://www.politico.com/minutes/congress/05-1-2023/knesset-speech-preview/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=www.politico.com |language=en}}</ref> McCarthy stated he chose Jordan as the first country to visit as Speaker of the House because Jordan is "a strategic ally in the Middle East and share[s] America’s commitment to peace, prosperity – and most importantly – stability in the region."<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-30 |title=U.S. House Speaker McCarthy visits Jordan, meets with King Abdullah II |url=https://allarab.news/u-s-house-speaker-mccarthy-visits-jordan-meets-with-king-abdullah-ii/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=All Arab News |language=en}}</ref> The historic friendship and means to increase cooperation between the countries were discussed in the meeting. King Abdullah expressed his gratitude for the United States' support of Jordan and highlighted the necessity for further efforts to resolve the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]. He put emphasis on the [[two-state solution]] which would result in an independent Palestinian State on the 1967 state lines with East Jerusalem as the capital.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=King receives US Congress delegation headed by House speaker |url=https://jordantimes.com/news/local/king-receives-us-congress-delegation-headed-house-speaker |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=Jordan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=King Receives US Congress Delegation Headed By House Speaker |url=https://menafn.com/1106139403/King-Receives-US-Congress-Delegation-Headed-By-House-Speaker |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=menafn.com |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Israel–Hamas war|Israel-Hamas war]], President Biden and King Abdullah II met several times discussing [[Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war|humanitarian assistance to Gaza]] and another [[2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire|ceasefire]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yilek |first=Caitlin |date=2024-02-12 |title=Biden touts hostage talks that could yield 6-week cease-fire between Israel and Hamas - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-israel-hamas-hostage-negotiations-rafah-king-abdullah/ |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=Biden and Jordan’s King Abdullah discuss ‘shared commitment’ to increase Gaza aid |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/israel-hamas-war-aid-jordan-biden-b2439475.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordanian King to meet Biden on efforts to end Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jordanian-king-to-meet-biden-on-efforts-to-end-israel-hamas-war/ |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=Times of Israel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Biden and king of Jordan discuss hostage release efforts at White House meeting |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-king-jordan-meet-hostage-release-talks-israel-hamas-war-rcna138379 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
== Embassy ==


===Programs===
Principal U.S. Officials include:
* [[Ambassador]]--[[David M. Hale]]
* Deputy Chief of Mission--Daniel Rubinstein
* Political Affairs--David Greene
* Economic Affairs--Natalie Brown
* Consular Affairs--Rena Bitter
* Management Affairs--Perry Adair
* Public Affairs--Phillip Frayne
* Commercial Counselor--Sheryl Maas


[[File:Members of the U.S. Air Force Special Operations Command, assigned to the 23rd Special Tactics Squadron.jpg|thumb|U.S. Air Force Special Tactics Commandos training with Jordanian special operations forces]]
⚫
The U.S. Embassy in Jordan is located in Abdoun, [[Amman]].


⚫
Since 1952, the United States has provided Jordan with economic assistance totaling more than $14 billion ($1.3 billion in loans, and $7.7 billion in grants), including funds for development projects, [[health care]], education, construction to increase water availability, support for microeconomic policy shifts toward a more completely [[free market]] system, and both grant and loan acquisition of U.S. agriculture commodities. These programs have been successful and have contributed to Jordanian stability while strengthening the bilateral relationship. U.S. military assistance—provision of material and training—is designed to meet Jordan's legitimate [[national security|defense]] needs, including preservation of border integrity and regional stability. Jordan signed a Threshold Agreement with the [[Millennium Challenge Corporation]] (MCC) in October 2006, and was subsequently deemed by the MCC to be eligible for a Compact Agreement in recognition of the country's progress on economic, social, and political reform indicators.<ref name="BN"/>
⚫
== See also ==

As of 2013, the United States had given Jordan's intelligence agency, the General Intelligence Directorate (the G.I.D), over $3.3 billion in aid over the previous five years, with another $200 million pledged for the [[Refugees of the Syrian civil war|Syrian refugee crisis]].<ref name=eells-2013>{{cite news|last=Eells|first=Josh|title=Sleep-Away Camp for Postmodern Cowboys|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/21/magazine/sleep-away-camp-for-postmodern-cowboys.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0&hp|access-date=19 July 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=19 July 2013|quote=Jordan's intelligence agency, the G.I.D., is a close partner of the C.I.A. in the Arab world, and over the past five years, the United States has given Jordan more than $3.3 billion in aid and pledged an additional $200 million to help cope with the refugees who have poured over the Syrian border since August.}}</ref> The G.I.D is a close partner of the American [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA).<ref name=eells-2013/> In 2014, due to concerns over Jordan's fragile economy being stretched by the influx of Syrian refugees, President Obama announced he would seek $1 billion in loan guarantees in addition to the $1.25 billion Congress approved in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/obama-jordans-king-abdullah-ii-meet-calif|title=Obama To Seek Additional Financial Aid For Jordan|author=ARLENE SUPERVILLE|publisher=Associated Press|date=Feb 14, 2014}}</ref>

===Human Rights promotion===

Since the deadly terrorist attacks of 9/11, the United States has focused on security and stability in the region, while simultaneously fighting the [[War on Terror]]. As military training and intelligence operations became a higher priority after 2001, the Bush Administration revised the nation's rhetoric on human rights promotion and democracy in the region, despite the turbulent political climate of the Middle East. In an effort to move toward a more interventionist foreign policy, Bush created a specific freedom agenda. He strongly encouraged "the spread of freedom as the great alternative to the terrorists' ideology of hatred." Based on American ideals of democracy and liberty, the agenda emphasized the way the continued spread of freedoms can combat the conditions and opposition that breed extremism. The United States' strong push for action and democratic reform, especially from 2001 to 2008, resulted in the refinement of technical programs and an increase in democracy assistance. Issues of gender empowerment, legislative reform, emphasis on elections, and support for educational and developmental programs have risen to the forefront.

Reform/action taken for human rights promotion and democratization in Jordan include:
* 2,800 troops deployed for protection of the border
* New leadership for the Ministry of Interior, Jordanian Armed Forces, and the General Intelligence
* Democracy assistance for programs such as Jordan School Expansion Project, Community Engagement Project, Local Enterprise Support Activity, and Workforce Development Program
* Push to pass proposal for the number of female representatives to grow to 23, one representative for each electoral district

==United States embassy==

⚫
The U.S. embassy is located in Abdoun, [[Amman]]. Principal U.S. officials in Jordan include:
* [[Ambassador]] [[Yael Lempert]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Yael Lempert |url=https://jo.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/ambassador/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=U.S. Embassy in Jordan |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Deputy Chief of Mission [[Rohit Nepal]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Chief of Mission Rohit Nepal |url=https://jo.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/dcm/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=U.S. Embassy in Jordan |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Jordanian embassy==
{{main article|Embassy of Jordan, Washington, D.C.}}
The Jordan embassy is located in [[Washington, D.C.]]

* Ambassador [[Dina Kawar]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ambassador Dina Kawar|url=http://www.jordanembassyus.org/contact/ambassador-dina-kawar|access-date=2022-01-17|website=|language=en}}</ref>
* Deputy Chief of Mission Ali Al Arabiyat<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy Staff|url=http://www.jordanembassyus.org/page/embassy-staff|access-date=2022-01-17|website=|language=en}}</ref>

==Friends of Jordan Caucus==

[[File:King Abdullah II & Queen Rania of Jordan in WashingtonDC, 2007March06.jpg|thumb|King Abdullah II and Queen Rania with US President [[George W. Bush]], Washington, D.C., 6 March 2007]]
In the [[United States Congress]], the Friends of Jordan Caucus was launched March 6, 2009, to support a strong relationship between Jordan and the United States and to facilitate the exchange of ideas between Members of the House of Representatives and Jordanian officials. The caucus was first co-chaired by Congressmen Schiff and Boustany, and Congressmen Baird (R-IN) and Fortenberry (R-NE) served as the first vice chairs.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS267790+06-Mar-2008+PRN20080306 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907235934/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS267790+06-Mar-2008+PRN20080306 | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 September 2012 | work=Reuters | title=Congressional Friends of Jordan Caucus Launched | date=6 March 2008}}</ref>

⚫
==See also==
* [[Jordanian American]]
* [[Anti-American sentiment in Jordan]]
* [[Embassy of Jordan, Washington, D.C.]]
* [[List of Jordanian ambassadors to the United States]]
* [[United States Ambassador to Jordan]]
* [[Foreign relations of the United States]]
* [[Foreign relations of the United States]]
* [[Foreign relations of Jordan]]
* [[Foreign relations of Jordan]]


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{StateDept}}[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3464.htm]
{{StateDept|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3464.htm}}

==Further reading==
* Bunch, Clea. ''The United States and Jordan: Middle East Diplomacy during the Cold War'' (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013) 288 pp.
* [https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/45160/JAMarkussen-Master.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Markussen, Joakim Aalmen, ''Strategic Impartiality: Lyndon B. Johnson's Policy toward Jordan 1964–1968'', MA Dissertation]
*{{cite book |last1=Riedel |first1=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Riedel |title=Jordan and America: An Enduring Friendship |date=2021 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0815739265}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141110091752/https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552609 Interview with King Hussein about Jordan - U.S. relations] from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120312181034/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494/browse?type=title Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives]
*[https://history.state.gov/countries/jordan History of Jordan - U.S. relations]
{{Commons category|Relations of Jordan and the United States}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607171951/http://jordan.usembassy.gov/ Embassy of US - Amman]
* [http://www.jordanembassyus.org// Embassy of Jordan - Washington D.C.]


{{Foreign relations of Jordan}}
{{Foreign relations of Jordan}}
{{Foreign relations of the United States |expanded=Bilateral}}
{{Foreign relations of the United States |expanded=Bilateral}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan - United States Relations}}
[[Category:Jordan–United States relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of the United States]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of the United States]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Jordan|United States]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Jordan|United States]]

Latest revision as of 08:59, 25 July 2024

Jordan – United States relations
Map indicating locations of Jordan and USA

Jordan
United States
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Jordan, Washington, D.C.Embassy of the United States, Amman
Envoy
Her Excellency Ambassador Dina KawarAmbassador Yael Lempert

Jordan has been a very close ally of the United States for decades, dating back to the establishment of bilateral relations between the two countries in 1949.[1] The country was named a major non-NATO ally of the U.S. in 1996.[2]

History

[edit]
King Hussein meeting US President Jimmy Carter in Washington in 1977
King Abdullah II of Jordan with US President Donald Trump in October 2017
King Abdullah II and Crown Prince Hussein with US President Joe Biden in February 2024

Relations between the U.S. and Jordan have been close for over four decades.[3] U.S. policy seeks to reinforce Jordan's commitment to peace, stability, and moderation. The peace process and Jordan's opposition to terrorism parallel and indirectly assist wider U.S. interests. Accordingly, through economic and military assistance and through close political cooperation, the United States has helped Jordan maintain its stability and prosperity.[4]

Since its inception, Jordan has relied on sponsorship from major Western powers. Great Britain filled this role until the late 1940s; the U.S. stepped in during the 1950s. During the Gulf War of 1991, Jordan tried to solve the situation in an Arabian framework[clarification needed] that the U.S. interpreted as pro-Iraq. As a result, the U.S. started monitoring the country's only ocean port, Aqaba, to prevent any supplies from reaching Iraq. Jordan suffered financial hardships for this, and attitudes toward the U.S. only improved during the Madrid Conference of 1991, where the U.S. deemed Jordanian participation as essential.[5]

King Abdullah advised Washington against the 2003 Iraq War, but later allegedly gave the invading coalition some degree of covert and tacit support, despite the overwhelming opinion of his public.[6] The Jordanian government publicly opposed the war against Iraq. The King stressed to the United States and European Union that a diplomatic solution, in accordance with UN Security Council (UNSC) resolutions 1284 (1999) and 1409 (2002), was the only appropriate model for resolving the conflict between Iraq and the UN.[7] In August 2002 he told The Washington Post that an attempt to invade Iraq would be a "tremendous mistake" and that it could "throw the whole area into turmoil".[8]

In February 2023, King Adbullah and Crown Prince Hussein met with U.S. President Biden at the White House in Washington, D.C.[9][10] The President reaffirmed that the US would support Jordan’s "security and economic prosperity".[9][11] It was Abdullah's third meeting with President Biden after July 2021[12] and July 2022.[13]

On 29 April 2023, a United States bipartisan Congressional Delegation led by Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy visited Jordan and met with King Abdullah and Crown Prince Hussein.[14][15] McCarthy stated he chose Jordan as the first country to visit as Speaker of the House because Jordan is "a strategic ally in the Middle East and share[s] America’s commitment to peace, prosperity – and most importantly – stability in the region."[14][16] The historic friendship and means to increase cooperation between the countries were discussed in the meeting. King Abdullah expressed his gratitude for the United States' support of Jordan and highlighted the necessity for further efforts to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He put emphasis on the two-state solution which would result in an independent Palestinian State on the 1967 state lines with East Jerusalem as the capital.[17][18] During the Israel-Hamas war, President Biden and King Abdullah II met several times discussing humanitarian assistance to Gaza and another ceasefire.[19][20][21][22]

Programs

[edit]
U.S. Air Force Special Tactics Commandos training with Jordanian special operations forces

Since 1952, the United States has provided Jordan with economic assistance totaling more than $14 billion ($1.3 billion in loans, and $7.7 billion in grants), including funds for development projects, health care, education, construction to increase water availability, support for microeconomic policy shifts toward a more completely free market system, and both grant and loan acquisition of U.S. agriculture commodities. These programs have been successful and have contributed to Jordanian stability while strengthening the bilateral relationship. U.S. military assistance—provision of material and training—is designed to meet Jordan's legitimate defense needs, including preservation of border integrity and regional stability. Jordan signed a Threshold Agreement with the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) in October 2006, and was subsequently deemed by the MCC to be eligible for a Compact Agreement in recognition of the country's progress on economic, social, and political reform indicators.[4]

As of 2013, the United States had given Jordan's intelligence agency, the General Intelligence Directorate (the G.I.D), over $3.3 billion in aid over the previous five years, with another $200 million pledged for the Syrian refugee crisis.[23] The G.I.D is a close partner of the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).[23] In 2014, due to concerns over Jordan's fragile economy being stretched by the influx of Syrian refugees, President Obama announced he would seek $1 billion in loan guarantees in addition to the $1.25 billion Congress approved in 2013.[24]

Human Rights promotion

[edit]

Since the deadly terrorist attacks of 9/11, the United States has focused on security and stability in the region, while simultaneously fighting the War on Terror. As military training and intelligence operations became a higher priority after 2001, the Bush Administration revised the nation's rhetoric on human rights promotion and democracy in the region, despite the turbulent political climate of the Middle East. In an effort to move toward a more interventionist foreign policy, Bush created a specific freedom agenda. He strongly encouraged "the spread of freedom as the great alternative to the terrorists' ideology of hatred." Based on American ideals of democracy and liberty, the agenda emphasized the way the continued spread of freedoms can combat the conditions and opposition that breed extremism. The United States' strong push for action and democratic reform, especially from 2001 to 2008, resulted in the refinement of technical programs and an increase in democracy assistance. Issues of gender empowerment, legislative reform, emphasis on elections, and support for educational and developmental programs have risen to the forefront.

Reform/action taken for human rights promotion and democratization in Jordan include:

  • 2,800 troops deployed for protection of the border
  • New leadership for the Ministry of Interior, Jordanian Armed Forces, and the General Intelligence
  • Democracy assistance for programs such as Jordan School Expansion Project, Community Engagement Project, Local Enterprise Support Activity, and Workforce Development Program
  • Push to pass proposal for the number of female representatives to grow to 23, one representative for each electoral district

United States embassy

[edit]

The U.S. embassy is located in Abdoun, Amman. Principal U.S. officials in Jordan include:

Jordanian embassy

[edit]
Main article: Embassy of Jordan, Washington, D.C.

The Jordan embassy is located in Washington, D.C.

Friends of Jordan Caucus

[edit]
King Abdullah II and Queen Rania with US President George W. Bush, Washington, D.C., 6 March 2007

In the United States Congress, the Friends of Jordan Caucus was launched March 6, 2009, to support a strong relationship between Jordan and the United States and to facilitate the exchange of ideas between Members of the House of Representatives and Jordanian officials. The caucus was first co-chaired by Congressmen Schiff and Boustany, and Congressmen Baird (R-IN) and Fortenberry (R-NE) served as the first vice chairs.[29]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Anthony J. Blinken (17 February 2024). "75 Years of Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan". state.gov. United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  2. ^ Sharp, Jeremy M. (February 16, 2018). Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  3. ^ "Policy & History". U.S. Embassy in Jordan. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
  4. ^ a b "U.S. Relations With Jordan" Background Notes
  5. ^ Elayyan, Hani Ismael (2007). "Jordan". In Levinson, David; Christensen, Karen (eds.). Global Perspectives on the United States: A Nation by Nation Survey. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group, Volume 1. pp. 350–4. ISBN 978-1-933782-06-5.
  6. ^ Rick Fawn and Raymond Hinnebusch The Iraq Causes and Consequences War (US, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers:2006, p. 143)
  7. ^ Rick Fawn and Raymond Hinnebusch The Iraq Causes and Consequences War (US, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers:2006, p. 144)
  8. ^ G. Kessler and P. Slevin, "Abdullah: Foreign Oppose Attack; Jordanian King to Urge Bush to Focus on Peace in Mideast, Not Invasion of Iraq," Washington Post, 1 August 2002
  9. ^ a b "Biden vows 'unwavering' commitment to Jordan during meeting with king". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  10. ^ "Biden underlines support for Jordan in meeting with king". Arab News. 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  11. ^ Agencies, The New Arab Staff & (2023-02-03). "Biden emphasises support for Jordan in meeting with king". Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  12. ^ "US Resets Ties with Key Arab Ally Jordan After Bumpy Ride". VOA. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  13. ^ House, The White (2022-07-16). "Joint Statement Following Meeting of President Joseph R. Biden and His Majesty King Abdullah II of Jordan in Jeddah". The White House. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  14. ^ a b "Speaker McCarthy Delegation Arrives in Jordan". Speaker Kevin McCarthy. 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  15. ^ "House Speaker Kevin McCarthy is in Israel to deliver a historic speech to the Knesset". www.politico.com. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  16. ^ "U.S. House Speaker McCarthy visits Jordan, meets with King Abdullah II". All Arab News. 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  17. ^ "King receives US Congress delegation headed by House speaker". Jordan Times. 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  18. ^ "King Receives US Congress Delegation Headed By House Speaker". menafn.com. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  19. ^ Yilek, Caitlin (2024-02-12). "Biden touts hostage talks that could yield 6-week cease-fire between Israel and Hamas - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  20. ^ "Biden and Jordan's King Abdullah discuss 'shared commitment' to increase Gaza aid". The Independent. 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  21. ^ "Jordanian King to meet Biden on efforts to end Israel-Hamas war". Times of Israel. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  22. ^ "Biden and king of Jordan discuss hostage release efforts at White House meeting". NBC News. 2024-02-12. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  23. ^ a b Eells, Josh (19 July 2013). "Sleep-Away Camp for Postmodern Cowboys". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 July 2013. Jordan's intelligence agency, the G.I.D., is a close partner of the C.I.A. in the Arab world, and over the past five years, the United States has given Jordan more than $3.3 billion in aid and pledged an additional $200 million to help cope with the refugees who have poured over the Syrian border since August.
  24. ^ ARLENE SUPERVILLE (Feb 14, 2014). "Obama To Seek Additional Financial Aid For Jordan". Associated Press.
  25. ^ "Ambassador Yael Lempert". U.S. Embassy in Jordan. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  26. ^ "Deputy Chief of Mission Rohit Nepal". U.S. Embassy in Jordan. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  27. ^ "Ambassador Dina Kawar". Retrieved 2022-01-17.
  28. ^ "Embassy Staff". Retrieved 2022-01-17.
  29. ^ "Congressional Friends of Jordan Caucus Launched". Reuters. 6 March 2008. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

Further reading

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