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{{Short description|A freeway in Rochester, New York}}
{{Infobox road
{{Infobox road
|state=NY
| state = NY
|name=Inner Loop
| name = Inner Loop
|marker_image=[[File:Rochester Inner Loop.svg|88x70px|alt=Inner Loop shield]]
| marker_image = [[File:Rochester Inner Loop.svg|88x70px|alt=Inner Loop shield]]
|map=Inner Loop Rochester 2014 map.svg
| map = Inner Loop Rochester 2014 map.svg
|map_notes=Map of Rochester with the remaining portion of the Inner Loop highlighted in red
| map_notes = Map of Rochester with the remaining portion of the Inner Loop highlighted in red
|length_mi=1.4
| length_mi = 2.7
| length_ref = <ref name=google>{{google maps |url = https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Inner+Loop+%26+North+Union+Street,+Rochester,+NY+14607/43.1511271,-77.6025233/@43.1550288,-77.6091674,14.96z/data=!4m10!4m9!1m5!1m1!1s0x89d6b5a60f32770f:0xbb0d71f48228fdc0!2m2!1d-77.5954501!2d43.1578649!1m0!3e0!5i1 |access-date = November 28, 2022}}</ref>
|length_round=1
|length_ref=<ref name=googlemaps/>
| established = 1965<ref name="const" />
⚫
| direction_a = East
|length_notes=Originally {{convert|2.68|mi|2}}, excluding the portion [[overlap (road)|overlap]]ped with I-490<ref name="2007tdr">{{cite web|url=https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/Traffic%20Data%20Report%202007.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612094059/https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/Traffic%20Data%20Report%202007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 12, 2012 |title=2007 Traffic Data Report for New York State |date=July 25, 2008 |format=PDF |publisher=[[New York State Department of Transportation]] |accessdate=April 3, 2009 }}</ref>
⚫
| terminus_a = East Main Street / University Avenue in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]]
|established=1965<ref name="const" />
⚫
| direction_b = West
⚫
|direction_a=South
|terminus_a=Main Street / University Avenue in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]]
| terminus_b = {{jct|state=NY|I|490}} in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]]
⚫
| counties = [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe]]
⚫
|direction_b=North
| alternate_name = NY 940T
⚫
|terminus_b={{jct|state=NY|I|490}} in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]]
⚫
|counties=[[Monroe County, New York|Monroe]]
}}
}}
The '''Inner Loop''', formerly a complete loop''',''' is now a "C"-shaped [[freeway]] in downtown [[Rochester, New York]], in the United States. Only the portions north of [[Interstate 490 (New York)|Interstate&nbsp;490]] (I-490) are signed as the "Inner Loop". The official western terminus of the Inner Loop is at I-490 exit&nbsp;13 in the shadow of [[Frontier Field]] west of downtown, while the eastern terminus is at I-490 exits&nbsp;15 and&nbsp;16 directly south of downtown on the east bank of the [[Genesee River]]. This section of the loop is designated '''New York State Route&nbsp;940T''' (NY&nbsp;940T), an unsigned [[reference route (New York)|reference route]], by the [[New York State Department of Transportation]]. Although the NY&nbsp;940T designation is [[unsigned highway|not signed]], the road is signed with orange trapezoidal [[route marker]]s containing the words "Inner Loop" in white.
The '''Inner Loop''', formerly a complete loop, is now a C-shaped [[controlled-access highway|freeway]] in [[Downtown Rochester|downtown]] [[Rochester, New York]], in the United States. Only the portions north of [[Interstate 490 (New York)|Interstate&nbsp;490]] (I-490) are signed as the "Inner Loop". The official western terminus of the Inner Loop is at I-490 exit&nbsp;13 in the shadow of [[Frontier Field]] west of downtown, while the eastern terminus is at I-490 exits&nbsp;15 and&nbsp;16 directly south of downtown on the east bank of the [[Genesee River]]. This section of the loop is designated '''New York State Route&nbsp;940T''' (NY&nbsp;940T), an unsigned [[reference route (New York)|reference route]], by the [[New York State Department of Transportation]]. Although the NY&nbsp;940T designation is [[unsigned highway|not signed]], the road is signed with orange trapezoidal [[route marker]]s containing the words "Inner Loop" in white.


Construction of the Inner Loop began in the early 1950s—when the city's population was well over 300,000 (33% higher than it was in 2000) —and completed in 1965. Over the past decade, traffic volume has remained constant on the roadway in some areas; however, overall usage from its completion to today has declined as jobs and residents continue to migrate away from the inner city. On December 2, 2014, the eastern section of the Inner Loop was closed as part of a project to downgrade it to a street at the cost of $21&nbsp;million.<ref name=innerloopclosure/>
Construction of the Inner Loop began in the early 1950s—when the city's population was well over 300,000 (33% higher than it was in 2000)—and completed in 1965. Over the past decade, traffic volume has remained constant on the roadway in some areas; however, overall usage from its completion to today has declined as jobs and residents continue to migrate away from the inner city. During 2014–2017, the Inner Loop East project demolished the eastern section of the Inner Loop and replaced it with a surface street.<ref name=innerloopclosure/>


==Route description==
==Route description==
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The Inner Loop forms a "C" around downtown [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], beginning, from west to east, at [[Interstate 490 (New York)|I-490]] exit&nbsp;13, a [[directional T interchange]] adjacent to [[Frontier Field]], the home of the [[Rochester Red Wings]]. It heads to the northeast, passing Frontier Field and the High Falls business district as it runs parallel to the [[CSX Transportation]]-owned [[Rochester Subdivision]] railroad line. About {{convert|0.5|mi|1}} from I-490, the Inner Loop and the Rochester Subdivision both cross the [[Genesee River]] just south of where the river goes over [[High Falls (Rochester, New York)|High Falls]]. On the other side of the river, the highway turns toward the east, separating from the railroad a short distance southwest of [[Louise M. Slaughter Rochester Station|Rochester's Amtrak station]] on Central Avenue. This is also the location of the first exit on the Inner Loop heading east—with Saint Paul Street and Clinton and Joseph Avenues—and is the beginning of the [[frontage road]]s that run parallel to the loop along its length.<ref name="yahoo">{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Inner+Loop,+Rochester,+NY/@43.1589429,-77.6158658,15.25z/ |title=overview map of the Inner Loop |accessdate=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
The Inner Loop forms a "C" around downtown [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], beginning, from west to east, at [[Interstate 490 (New York)|I-490]] exit&nbsp;13, a [[directional T interchange]] adjacent to [[Frontier Field]], the home of the [[Rochester Red Wings]]. It heads to the northeast, passing Frontier Field and the High Falls business district as it runs parallel to the [[CSX Transportation]]-owned [[Rochester Subdivision]] railroad line. About {{convert|0.5|mi|1}} from I-490, the Inner Loop and the Rochester Subdivision both cross the [[Genesee River]] just south of where the river goes over [[High Falls (Rochester, New York)|High Falls]]. On the other side of the river, the highway turns toward the east, separating from the railroad a short distance southwest of [[Louise M. Slaughter Rochester Station|Rochester's Amtrak station]] on Central Avenue. This is also the location of the first exit on the Inner Loop heading east—with Saint Paul Street and Clinton and Joseph Avenues—and is the beginning of the [[frontage road]]s that run parallel to the loop along its length.<ref name="yahoo">{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Inner+Loop,+Rochester,+NY/@43.1589429,-77.6158658,15.25z/ |title=overview map of the Inner Loop |accessdate=July 14, 2017}}</ref>


East of Joseph Avenue, the route descends below grade-level and begins to run through a [[cut (earthmoving)|cut]] as it proceeds eastward across the northern edge of downtown. After passing under North Street, the Inner Loop begins to turn southward, connecting with both Scio and East Main Streets in the process. While the interchange with East Main Street is a right exit heading counterclockwise on the loop, it is a [[left exit]] heading clockwise, forcing the exit ramp to pass over the loop's counterclockwise lanes in order to reach Main Street. The road currently ends here, the portion formerly going from Main Street to Monroe ([[New York State Route 31|NY&nbsp;31]]) and Clinton ([[New York State Route 15|NY&nbsp;15]]) Avenues has been closed to traffic and rebuilt as an at-grade boulevard.
East of Joseph Avenue, the route descends below grade-level and begins to run through a [[cut (earthmoving)|cut]] as it proceeds eastward across the northern edge of downtown. After passing under North Street, the Inner Loop begins to turn southward, connecting with both Scio and East Main Streets in the process. While the interchange with East Main Street is a right exit heading counterclockwise on the loop, it is a [[left exit]] heading clockwise, forcing the exit ramp to pass over the loop's counterclockwise lanes in order to reach Main Street. The expressway currently ends there, with a ramp to the right traversing under Main Street to connect with Union Street, which has been widened to replace the former Inner Loop. Prior to 2014, the expressway continued past East ([[New York State Route 96|NY 96]]), Monroe ([[New York State Route 31|NY 31]]), and Clinton ([[New York State Route 15|NY 15]]) Avenues before re-joining I-490, and Union Street was effectively a frontage road.


The Inner Loop was closed and completed by I-490; it once created a continuous [[beltway]] of [[limited-access highway]]s around downtown Rochester. However, the I-490 portion of the loop is signed only as I-490, and the only section of the loop that is signed as the Inner Loop is the {{convert|1.4|mi|2|adj=on}} segment designated as the [[unsigned highway|unsigned]] NY&nbsp;940T.<ref name="2007tdr" /> Due to its proximity to downtown, the loop creates a division, both physically and mentally, between downtown Rochester and the remainder of the city.<ref name="const" /> The only areas where it is possible to traverse the Inner Loop is where roadways cross the Loop via bridges over or under the highway---of which there were only four in nearly a mile of the eastern side of the highway.<ref>{{cite video|title=Rochester Innerloop 2013|url=http://www.cityofrochester.gov/innerloopmultimedia/|website=Inner Loop East|publisher=City of Rochester, NY|accessdate=14 July 2017|page=|minutes=1:05|date=9 May 2014|quote=There are four (4) crossing locations within the {{cvt|4,430|ft|m|disp=sqbr}} corridor, thus creating a significant barrier.}}</ref>
The Inner Loop was closed and completed by I-490; it once created a continuous [[beltway]] of [[limited-access highway]]s around downtown Rochester. However, the I-490 portion of the loop is signed only as I-490, and the only section of the loop that is signed as the Inner Loop is the {{convert|1.4|mi|2|adj=on}} segment designated as the [[unsigned highway|unsigned]] NY&nbsp;940T.<ref name="2007tdr">{{cite web|url=https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/Traffic%20Data%20Report%202007.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612094059/https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/Traffic%20Data%20Report%202007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 12, 2012 |title=2007 Traffic Data Report for New York State |date=July 25, 2008 |publisher=[[New York State Department of Transportation]] |accessdate=April 3, 2009 }}</ref> Due to its proximity to downtown, the loop creates a division, both physically and sociologically, between downtown Rochester and other neighborhoods.<ref name="const" /> For example, there were only four crossings (underpasses and overpasses) along about a mile of the Inner Loop's eastern side.<ref>{{cite video|title=Rochester Innerloop 2013|url=http://www.cityofrochester.gov/innerloopmultimedia/|website=Inner Loop East|publisher=City of Rochester, NY|accessdate=14 July 2017|page=|minutes=1:05|date=9 May 2014|quote=There are four (4) crossing locations within the {{cvt|4,430|ft|m|disp=sqbr}} corridor, thus creating a significant barrier.}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Innerloop trench.JPG|thumb|The former portion of the Inner Loop east of Downtown]]
[[File:Innerloop trench.JPG|thumb|The former portion of the Inner Loop east of Downtown in 2010]]
⚫
[[File:Inner Loop Rochester map.svg|thumb|The inner loop as it was before the eastern section closed in December 2014]]
[[File:Inner loop 2021.jpg|thumb|The same portion of the former loop in 2021]]
The idea for a [[beltway]] around [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] was conceived in the 1950s. At the time, the population of Rochester was roughly 332,000, which translated into poor traffic conditions within downtown. Despite some political obstacles, construction on the highway began in the early 1950s. Many structures were demolished to make way for the route, which was constructed in a [[cut (earthmoving)|cut]] through the densely populated neighborhoods that surrounded downtown. In 1965, an opening ceremony headlined by then-Governor [[Nelson Rockefeller]] officially opened the Inner Loop to traffic. The final price tag on the loop's construction was $34&nbsp;million<ref name="const">{{cite news |title=The Inner Loop: Do We Need It? |url=http://rochesterhomepage.net/search-fulltext?nxd_id=81362 |first=Evan |last=Axelbank |accessdate=14 July 2017|date=April 1, 2009|work=RochesterFirst ([[WROC-TV]])|publisher=Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724042503/http://rochesterhomepage.net/search-fulltext?nxd_id=81362|archivedate=24 July 2011|location=Rochester, NY}}</ref> (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US|34000000|1965|r=0}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}).{{Inflation-fn|US}} The southern part of the Loop was incorporated into the newly constructed [[Interstate 490 (New York)|I-490]] upon completion<ref>{{cite map |title=New York |publisher=[[Mobil]] |cartography=[[Rand McNally and Company]] |year=1965}}</ref> while the rest is designated as NY&nbsp;940T, an unsigned [[reference route (New York)|reference route]].<ref name="2007tdr" />
The idea for a [[beltway]] around [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] was conceived in the 1950s. At the time, the population of Rochester was roughly 332,000, which translated into poor traffic conditions within downtown. Despite some political obstacles, construction on the highway began in the early 1950s. Many structures were demolished to make way for the route, which was constructed in a [[cut (earthmoving)|cut]] through the densely populated neighborhoods that surrounded downtown. In 1965, an opening ceremony headlined by then-Governor [[Nelson Rockefeller]] officially opened the Inner Loop to traffic. The final price tag on the loop's construction was $34&nbsp;million<ref name="const">{{cite news |title=The Inner Loop: Do We Need It? |url=http://rochesterhomepage.net/search-fulltext?nxd_id=81362 |first=Evan |last=Axelbank |accessdate=14 July 2017|date=April 1, 2009|work=RochesterFirst ([[WROC-TV]])|publisher=Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724042503/http://rochesterhomepage.net/search-fulltext?nxd_id=81362|archivedate=24 July 2011|location=Rochester, NY}}</ref> (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US|34000000|1965|r=0}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}).{{Inflation-fn|US}} The southern part of the Loop was incorporated into the newly constructed [[Interstate 490 (New York)|I-490]] upon completion<ref>{{cite map |title=New York |publisher=[[Mobil]] |cartography=[[Rand McNally and Company]] |year=1965}}</ref> while the rest is designated as NY&nbsp;940T, an unsigned [[reference route (New York)|reference route]].<ref name="2007tdr" />


In the time since the Loop's construction, the population of Rochester has dropped to 210,565 as of the 2010 census—a reduction of a full one-third.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212221153/http://factfinder.census.gov/main.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-02-12|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}</ref> As a result, traffic on the Inner Loop has declined accordingly. While traffic volume on the I-490 and northwestern portions of the loop have remained relatively high, the section east of the [[Genesee River]] has seen sharp declines in recent years.<ref name="2007tdr" /><ref name="const" />
In the time since the Loop's construction, the population of Rochester has dropped by one-third to 211,328 (as of the 2020 census).<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2024-07-14|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> While traffic volume on the I-490 and northwestern portions of the loop have remained relatively high, the section east of the [[Genesee River]] has seen sharp declines in recent years.<ref name="2007tdr" /><ref name="const" />


===Removal of expressway===
One proposal in 2005, which was considered for federal aid, would have reduced the number of lanes on the loop between Clinton Avenue and Main Street to make room for additional shops and businesses on the streets adjacent to the Inner Loop.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Road Ahead For Inner Loop |work=[[WHAM-TV]] |location=[[Rochester, New York|Rochester, NY]] |date=August 9, 2005}}</ref> Another plan, developed in 2009, called for the portion of the Loop from Main Street to Monroe Avenue ([[New York State Route 31|NY&nbsp;31]]) to be completely filled in and replaced with an at-grade boulevard. The $20&nbsp;million project was approved by a city council committee in September 2011;<ref name="const" /><ref name="greenlight">{{cite news |url=http://www.wxxinews.org/post/city-council-committee-green-lights-partial-inner-loop-fill |title=City Council Committee Green-lights Partial Inner Loop Fill-in |work=[[WXXI Public Broadcasting Council|WXXI]] |location=Rochester, NY |first=Zack |last=Seward |date=September 9, 2011 |accessdate=February 15, 2012}}</ref> however, a $15&nbsp;million federal grant application was denied later in the year. Then, in 2012, Rochester Mayor [[Thomas Richards (mayor)|Thomas Richards]] spent $2&nbsp;million on further design work that strengthened the city's request for federal funding.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.13wham.com/news/local/story/City-Trying-Again-on-Inner-Loop-Funding/9BFgylLP20Ced_HWG4Ds8w.cspx |title=City Trying Again on Inner Loop Funding |work=WHAM-TV |location=Rochester, NY |first=Rachel |last=Barnhart |date=February 13, 2012 |accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref> On August 30, 2013, the city of Rochester was given a [[Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery|TIGER]] grant worth $18&nbsp;million (2013&nbsp;USD) to fill in the Inner Loop between Monroe Avenue and Charlotte Street. The new project also gave money to reconnect the neighborhoods separated by the Inner Loop, Park Avenue and South Wedge.<ref name=removal>{{cite news|title=Federal funding for Rochester's Inner Loop Project|url=http://www.13wham.com/news/features/top-stories/stories/federal-funding-rochesters-inner-loop-project-4255.shtml|accessdate=August 30, 2013|newspaper=WHAM-TV|location=Rochester, NY|date=August 30, 2013}}</ref>
One proposal in 2005, which was considered for federal aid, would have reduced the number of lanes on the loop between Clinton Avenue and Main Street to make room for additional shops and businesses on the streets adjacent to the Inner Loop.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Road Ahead For Inner Loop |work=[[WHAM-TV]] |location=[[Rochester, New York|Rochester, NY]] |date=August 9, 2005}}</ref> Another plan, developed in 2009, called for the portion of the Loop from Main Street to Monroe Avenue ([[New York State Route 31|NY&nbsp;31]]) to be completely filled in and replaced with an at-grade boulevard. The $20&nbsp;million project was approved by a city council committee in September 2011;<ref name="const" /><ref name="greenlight">{{cite news |url=http://www.wxxinews.org/post/city-council-committee-green-lights-partial-inner-loop-fill |title=City Council Committee Green-lights Partial Inner Loop Fill-in |work=[[WXXI Public Broadcasting Council|WXXI]] |location=Rochester, NY |first=Zack |last=Seward |date=September 9, 2011 |accessdate=February 15, 2012}}</ref> however, a $15&nbsp;million federal grant application was denied later in the year. Then, in 2012, Rochester Mayor [[Thomas Richards (mayor)|Thomas Richards]] spent $2&nbsp;million on further design work that strengthened the city's request for federal funding.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.13wham.com/news/local/story/City-Trying-Again-on-Inner-Loop-Funding/9BFgylLP20Ced_HWG4Ds8w.cspx |title=City Trying Again on Inner Loop Funding |work=WHAM-TV |location=Rochester, NY |first=Rachel |last=Barnhart |date=February 13, 2012 |accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref> On August 30, 2013, the city of Rochester was given a [[Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery|TIGER]] grant worth $18&nbsp;million (2013&nbsp;USD) to fill in the Inner Loop between Monroe Avenue and Charlotte Street. The new project also gave money to reconnect the neighborhoods separated by the Inner Loop, Park Avenue and South Wedge.<ref name=removal>{{cite news|title=Federal funding for Rochester's Inner Loop Project|url=http://www.13wham.com/news/features/top-stories/stories/federal-funding-rochesters-inner-loop-project-4255.shtml|accessdate=August 30, 2013|newspaper=WHAM-TV|location=Rochester, NY|date=August 30, 2013}}</ref>


The Inner Loop was a prominent feature of "State of the City 2011: In The Loop", a two-month exhibition held by the [[Rochester Contemporary Art Center]] in 2011. The event featured various works reflecting on the history of the highway and downtown Rochester and aimed to provoke discussions about the future of the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rochestercontemporary.org/state_11.html |title=State of the City: In The Loop |publisher=Rochester Contemporary Art Center |accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref>
The Inner Loop was a prominent feature of "State of the City 2011: In The Loop", a two-month exhibition held by the [[Rochester Contemporary Art Center]] in 2011. The event featured various works reflecting on the history of the highway and downtown Rochester and aimed to provoke discussions about the future of the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rochestercontemporary.org/state_11.html |title=State of the City: In The Loop |publisher=Rochester Contemporary Art Center |accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref>


====Inner Loop East project====
⚫
[[File:Inner Loop Rochester map.svg|thumb|The inner loop as it was before the eastern section closed in December 2014]]
⚫
On December 2, 2014, the Inner Loop's eastern side was closed permanently to start the $21&nbsp;million Inner Loop East project, which transformed the freeway into an at-grade street.<ref name=innerloopclosure>{{cite news|last1=Upadhye|first1=Neeti|title=Inner Loop closure set for Tuesday|url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2014/11/25/inner-loop-closure-postponed/70128896/|accessdate=January 8, 2015|work=[[Democrat and Chronicle]]|date=December 1, 2014|location=Rochester, New York}}</ref> The project was completed on November 22, 2017, at which time the Inner Loop ceased to exist as a complete loop, terminating instead at a signalized intersection with East Main Street and University Avenue.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2017/11/22/final-inner-loop-east-section-opens-after-fill/889609001/|title=Final Inner Loop East section opens after fill|work=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|access-date=2017-11-23|language=en}}</ref> In a 2021 editorial, ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the project as an achievement in removing urban highways to improve American cities, noting the project's creation of space for new development.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Popovich |first1=Nadja |last2=Williams |first2=Josh |last3=Lu |first3=Denise |date=2021-05-27 |title=Can Removing Highways Fix America's Cities? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/05/27/climate/us-cities-highway-removal.html |access-date=2021-07-02 |website=The New York Times |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Future==
⚫
On December 2, 2014, the Inner Loop's eastern side was closed permanently to start construction of a transformation project on the Inner Loop. The route is no longer a complete loop, but terminates at a signalized intersection with East Main Street and University Avenue. The project, costing $21&nbsp;million, turned most of the Inner Loop into a street.<ref name=innerloopclosure>{{cite news|last1=Upadhye|first1=Neeti|title=Inner Loop closure set for Tuesday|url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2014/11/25/inner-loop-closure-postponed/70128896/|accessdate=January 8, 2015|work=[[Democrat and Chronicle]]|date=December 1, 2014|location=Rochester, New York}}</ref> The project was declared completed on November 22, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2017/11/22/final-inner-loop-east-section-opens-after-fill/889609001/|title=Final Inner Loop East section opens after fill|work=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|access-date=2017-11-23|language=en}}</ref>
Plans are underway to modify a northern portion of the loop in the same manner as the eastern portion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inner Loop North Transformation Study|url=https://www.innerloopnorth.com/|publisher=City of Rochester, New York|access-date=May 31, 2021}}</ref> This latter project has the support of U.S. senators [[Chuck Schumer]] and [[Kirsten Gillibrand]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=Inner Loop fill-in project gets funding pledge from federal lawmakers |url=https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/rochester/politics/2021/06/29/inner-loop-fill-in-project-gets-funding-pledge-from-federal-lawmakers |access-date=2021-07-02 |website=spectrumlocalnews.com |language=en}}</ref>


==Exit list==
==Exit list==
{{for|the exits on the segment [[concurrency (road)|concurrent]] with [[I-490 (NY)|I-490]]|Interstate 490 (New York)#Exit list}}
{{for|the exits on the segment [[concurrency (road)|concurrent]] with [[I-490 (NY)|I-490]]|Interstate 490 (New York)#Exit list}}
{{NYinttop|length_ref=<ref name=googlemaps>{{google maps |url=https://goo.gl/maps/9yx4DYDSjYN2 |title=Inner Loop |accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref>|county=Monroe|location=Rochester|unnum=yes}}
{{NYinttop|length_ref=<ref name=googlemaps>{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/43.1589399,-77.5948549/43.1574711,-77.6178545/@43.1598793,-77.6107737,16z/am=t/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!4m1!3e0 |title=Inner Loop |access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref>|county=Monroe|location=Rochester|unnum=yes}}
{{NYint
{{NYint
|mile=0.0
|mile=0.0
|road=East Main Street&nbsp;/ University Avenue east
|road=East Main Street&nbsp;/ University Avenue
|notes=[[At-grade intersection]]
|notes=Southern terminus; [[at-grade intersection]]
}}
{{NYint
|type=incomplete
|mile=0.2
|road=Union Street
|notes=Southbound exit and northbound entrance
}}
}}
{{NYint
{{NYint
Line 77: Line 88:
}}
}}
{{jctbtm|exit|keys=incomplete}}
{{jctbtm|exit|keys=incomplete}}

==See also==
*


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 17:15, 25 July 2024

Inner Loop shield
Inner Loop
NY 940T
Map of Rochester with the remaining portion of the Inner Loop highlighted in red
Route information
Length2.7 mi[2] (4.3 km)
Existed1965[1]–present
Major junctions
East endEast Main Street / University Avenue in Rochester
West end I-490 in Rochester
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountiesMonroe
Highway system

The Inner Loop, formerly a complete loop, is now a C-shaped freeway in downtown Rochester, New York, in the United States. Only the portions north of Interstate 490 (I-490) are signed as the "Inner Loop". The official western terminus of the Inner Loop is at I-490 exit 13 in the shadow of Frontier Field west of downtown, while the eastern terminus is at I-490 exits 15 and 16 directly south of downtown on the east bank of the Genesee River. This section of the loop is designated New York State Route 940T (NY 940T), an unsigned reference route, by the New York State Department of Transportation. Although the NY 940T designation is not signed, the road is signed with orange trapezoidal route markers containing the words "Inner Loop" in white.

Construction of the Inner Loop began in the early 1950s—when the city's population was well over 300,000 (33% higher than it was in 2000)—and completed in 1965. Over the past decade, traffic volume has remained constant on the roadway in some areas; however, overall usage from its completion to today has declined as jobs and residents continue to migrate away from the inner city. During 2014–2017, the Inner Loop East project demolished the eastern section of the Inner Loop and replaced it with a surface street.[3]

Route description

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Inner Loop at State Street

The Inner Loop forms a "C" around downtown Rochester, beginning, from west to east, at I-490 exit 13, a directional T interchange adjacent to Frontier Field, the home of the Rochester Red Wings. It heads to the northeast, passing Frontier Field and the High Falls business district as it runs parallel to the CSX Transportation-owned Rochester Subdivision railroad line. About 0.5 miles (0.8 km) from I-490, the Inner Loop and the Rochester Subdivision both cross the Genesee River just south of where the river goes over High Falls. On the other side of the river, the highway turns toward the east, separating from the railroad a short distance southwest of Rochester's Amtrak station on Central Avenue. This is also the location of the first exit on the Inner Loop heading east—with Saint Paul Street and Clinton and Joseph Avenues—and is the beginning of the frontage roads that run parallel to the loop along its length.[4]

East of Joseph Avenue, the route descends below grade-level and begins to run through a cut as it proceeds eastward across the northern edge of downtown. After passing under North Street, the Inner Loop begins to turn southward, connecting with both Scio and East Main Streets in the process. While the interchange with East Main Street is a right exit heading counterclockwise on the loop, it is a left exit heading clockwise, forcing the exit ramp to pass over the loop's counterclockwise lanes in order to reach Main Street. The expressway currently ends there, with a ramp to the right traversing under Main Street to connect with Union Street, which has been widened to replace the former Inner Loop. Prior to 2014, the expressway continued past East (NY 96), Monroe (NY 31), and Clinton (NY 15) Avenues before re-joining I-490, and Union Street was effectively a frontage road.

The Inner Loop was closed and completed by I-490; it once created a continuous beltway of limited-access highways around downtown Rochester. However, the I-490 portion of the loop is signed only as I-490, and the only section of the loop that is signed as the Inner Loop is the 1.4-mile (2.25 km) segment designated as the unsigned NY 940T.[5] Due to its proximity to downtown, the loop creates a division, both physically and sociologically, between downtown Rochester and other neighborhoods.[1] For example, there were only four crossings (underpasses and overpasses) along about a mile of the Inner Loop's eastern side.[6]

History

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The former portion of the Inner Loop east of Downtown in 2010
The inner loop as it was before the eastern section closed in December 2014
The same portion of the former loop in 2021

The idea for a beltway around Rochester was conceived in the 1950s. At the time, the population of Rochester was roughly 332,000, which translated into poor traffic conditions within downtown. Despite some political obstacles, construction on the highway began in the early 1950s. Many structures were demolished to make way for the route, which was constructed in a cut through the densely populated neighborhoods that surrounded downtown. In 1965, an opening ceremony headlined by then-Governor Nelson Rockefeller officially opened the Inner Loop to traffic. The final price tag on the loop's construction was $34 million[1] (equivalent to $329 million in 2024).[7] The southern part of the Loop was incorporated into the newly constructed I-490 upon completion[8] while the rest is designated as NY 940T, an unsigned reference route.[5]

In the time since the Loop's construction, the population of Rochester has dropped by one-third to 211,328 (as of the 2020 census).[9] While traffic volume on the I-490 and northwestern portions of the loop have remained relatively high, the section east of the Genesee River has seen sharp declines in recent years.[5][1]

Removal of expressway

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One proposal in 2005, which was considered for federal aid, would have reduced the number of lanes on the loop between Clinton Avenue and Main Street to make room for additional shops and businesses on the streets adjacent to the Inner Loop.[10] Another plan, developed in 2009, called for the portion of the Loop from Main Street to Monroe Avenue (NY 31) to be completely filled in and replaced with an at-grade boulevard. The $20 million project was approved by a city council committee in September 2011;[1][11] however, a $15 million federal grant application was denied later in the year. Then, in 2012, Rochester Mayor Thomas Richards spent $2 million on further design work that strengthened the city's request for federal funding.[12] On August 30, 2013, the city of Rochester was given a TIGER grant worth $18 million (2013 USD) to fill in the Inner Loop between Monroe Avenue and Charlotte Street. The new project also gave money to reconnect the neighborhoods separated by the Inner Loop, Park Avenue and South Wedge.[13]

The Inner Loop was a prominent feature of "State of the City 2011: In The Loop", a two-month exhibition held by the Rochester Contemporary Art Center in 2011. The event featured various works reflecting on the history of the highway and downtown Rochester and aimed to provoke discussions about the future of the city.[14]

Inner Loop East project

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On December 2, 2014, the Inner Loop's eastern side was closed permanently to start the $21 million Inner Loop East project, which transformed the freeway into an at-grade street.[3] The project was completed on November 22, 2017, at which time the Inner Loop ceased to exist as a complete loop, terminating instead at a signalized intersection with East Main Street and University Avenue.[15] In a 2021 editorial, The New York Times praised the project as an achievement in removing urban highways to improve American cities, noting the project's creation of space for new development.[16]

Future

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Plans are underway to modify a northern portion of the loop in the same manner as the eastern portion.[17] This latter project has the support of U.S. senators Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand.[18]

Exit list

[edit]
For the exits on the segment concurrent with I-490, see Interstate 490 (New York) § Exit list.

The entire route is in Rochester, Monroe County. All exits are unnumbered.

mi[19]kmDestinationsNotes
0.00.0East Main Street / University AvenueSouthern terminus; at-grade intersection
0.20.32Union StreetSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
0.30.48Scio StreetSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
0.5–
1.0		0.80–
1.6		Joseph Avenue / Clinton Avenue / St. Paul Street – Downtown
1.11.8Bridge over Genesee River
1.21.9State StreetNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
1.42.3 I-490 – Buffalo, VictorExit 13 on I-490
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Axelbank, Evan (April 1, 2009). "The Inner Loop: Do We Need It?". RochesterFirst (WROC-TV). Rochester, NY: Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  2. ^ "Inner Loop (Rochester)" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
  3. ^ a b Upadhye, Neeti (December 1, 2014). "Inner Loop closure set for Tuesday". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  4. ^ "overview map of the Inner Loop" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  5. ^ a b c "2007 Traffic Data Report for New York State" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. July 25, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  6. ^ Rochester Innerloop 2013. Inner Loop East. City of Rochester, NY. 9 May 2014. 1:05 minutes in. Retrieved 14 July 2017. There are four (4) crossing locations within the 4,430 ft [1,350 m] corridor, thus creating a significant barrier.
  7. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  8. ^ New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Mobil. 1965.
  9. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2024-07-14.
  10. ^ "New Road Ahead For Inner Loop". WHAM-TV. Rochester, NY. August 9, 2005.
  11. ^ Seward, Zack (September 9, 2011). "City Council Committee Green-lights Partial Inner Loop Fill-in". WXXI. Rochester, NY. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
  12. ^ Barnhart, Rachel (February 13, 2012). "City Trying Again on Inner Loop Funding". WHAM-TV. Rochester, NY. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  13. ^ "Federal funding for Rochester's Inner Loop Project". WHAM-TV. Rochester, NY. August 30, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  14. ^ "State of the City: In The Loop". Rochester Contemporary Art Center. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  15. ^ "Final Inner Loop East section opens after fill". Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
  16. ^ Popovich, Nadja; Williams, Josh; Lu, Denise (2021-05-27). "Can Removing Highways Fix America's Cities?". The New York Times. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  17. ^ "Inner Loop North Transformation Study". City of Rochester, New York. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  18. ^ "Inner Loop fill-in project gets funding pledge from federal lawmakers". spectrumlocalnews.com. 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  19. ^ "Inner Loop" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
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