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{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Kōgon
| name = Emperor Kōgon<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|光厳天皇}}}}
| succession = 1st [[Northern Court|Northern Emperor]]
| succession = 1st [[Northern Court|Northern Emperor]]
| image = Emperor Kōgon.jpg
| image = 光厳法皇像.jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| reign = October 22, 1331 – July 7, 1333
| reign = October 22, 1331 – July 7, 1333
Line 8: Line 8:
| predecessor = [[Emperor Go-Daigo|Go-Daigo]]
| predecessor = [[Emperor Go-Daigo|Go-Daigo]]
| successor = [[Emperor Kōmyō|Kōmyō]]
| successor = [[Emperor Kōmyō|Kōmyō]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Tsuigō|''Tsuigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Kōgon ({{lang|ja|光厳院}} or {{lang|ja|光厳天皇}})
| spouse = Princess Yoshiko<br>Princess Hisako
| spouse = {{ill|Yoshiko (Princess)|lt=Princess Yoshiko|ja|懽子内親王|vertical-align=sup}}<br>Princess Hisako
| issue = [[Emperor Sukō]]<br/>[[Emperor Go-Kōgon]]
| issue = [[Emperor Sukō]]<br/>[[Emperor Go-Kōgon]]
| issue-link = #Genealogy
| issue-link = #Genealogy
| issue-pipe = Among others...
| issue-pipe = among others...
| royal house =
| royal house = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father = [[Emperor Go-Fushimi]]
| father = [[Emperor Go-Fushimi]]
| mother = Saionji (Fujiwara) Neishi
| mother = [[Saionji Neishi| Saionji (Fujiwara) Neishi]]
| birth_date = August 1, 1313
| birth_date = August 1, 1313
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
Line 20: Line 21:
| death_place =
| death_place =
| place of burial=
| place of burial=
| signature = [[File:Kōgon shomei.svg|50px]]
|}}
|}}


'''Emperor Kōgon''' (光嚴天皇 ''Kōgon-tennō'') (August 1, 1313 – August 5, 1364) was the first of the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Emperors of Northern Court]] during the [[Nanboku-cho|Period of the Northern and Southern Courts]] in Japan. His reign spanned the years from 1331 through 1333.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-16326|title=コトバンク　「光嚴天皇」|accessdate=2017-07-23}}</ref>
{{nihongo|'''Emperor Kōgon'''|光厳天皇|Kōgon-tennō|August 1, 1313 – August 5, 1364}} was the first of the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Emperors of Northern Court]] during the [[Nanboku-cho|Period of the Northern and Southern Courts]] in Japan. His reign spanned the years from 1331 through 1333.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-16326|title=コトバンク 「光嚴天皇」|access-date=2017-07-23}}</ref>


==Genealogy==
==Genealogy==
Line 28: Line 30:


*Empress: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (懽子内親王) later Senseimon-in (宣政門院), [[Emperor Go-Daigo]]’s daughter
*Empress: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (懽子内親王) later Senseimon-in (宣政門院), [[Emperor Go-Daigo]]’s daughter
**Second daughter: (B.1335)
**Second daughter: (b. 1335)
**Third daughter: Imperial Princess Mitsuko (b.1337; 光子内親王)
**Third daughter: Imperial Princess Mitsuko (b. 1337; 光子内親王)
*Consort: Imperial Princess Hisako (寿子内親王) later Kianmon-in (徽安門院), [[Emperor Hanazono]]’s daughter
*Consort: Imperial Princess Hisako (寿子内親王) later Kianmon-in (徽安門院), [[Emperor Hanazono]]’s daughter
*Lady-in-waiting: Sanjō Shūshi (三条秀子) later Yōrokumon’in (陽禄門院), Ogimachi Sanjo Kinhide's daughter
*Lady-in-waiting: Sanjō Shūshi (三条秀子) later Yōrokumon’in (陽禄門院), Ogimachi Sanjo Kinhide's daughter
**First daughter: (b.1333)
**First daughter: (b. 1333)
**Princess
**Princess
**First son: Imperial Prince Okihito (興仁親王) later [[Emperor Sukō]]
**First son: Imperial Prince Okihito (興仁親王) later [[Emperor Sukō]]
Line 38: Line 40:
*Naishi: Ima-no-kata, Saionji Sanehira's daughter
*Naishi: Ima-no-kata, Saionji Sanehira's daughter
*Naishi: Dai-no-kata, Saionji Saneakira's daughter
*Naishi: Dai-no-kata, Saionji Saneakira's daughter
**Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Sonchō (1344–1378;尊朝親道親王)
**Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Sonchō (1344–1378; 尊朝親道親王)
**Princess
**Princess
*Naishi: Ichijo-no-tsubone, Ogimachi Kinkage's daughter
*Naishi: Ichijo-no-tsubone, Ogimachi Kinkage's daughter
**Imperial Prince Yoshihito (?–1415;義仁親王)
**Imperial Prince Yoshihito (died 1415; 義仁親王)
*Naishi: Oinomikado Fuyuuji's daughter
*Naishi: Oinomikado Fuyuuji's daughter
**daughter: (1331–1402)
**daughter: (1331–1402)
*Unknown
*Unknown
**Daughter: Hanarin Songen (華林恵厳;d. 1386)
**Daughter: Hanarin Songen (d. 1386; 華林恵厳)


==Events of Kōgon's life==
==Events of Kōgon's life==
Line 52: Line 54:
In 1331, when Go-Daigo's second attempt to overthrow the [[shogunate]] became public, the Shogunate seized him, exiled him to the [[Oki Islands]], and enthroned Kōgon on October 22. Emperor Go-Daigo used the 17-petal chrysanthemum emblem during his exile. He escaped Oki in 1333, with the help of [[Nawa Nagatoshi]] and his family, and raised an army at Funagami Mountain in [[Hōki Province]] (the modern town of Kotoura in [[Tohaku District, Tottori|Tōhaku District]], [[Tottori Prefecture]]). Meanwhile, [[Ashikaga Takauji]] (足利 尊氏), the chief general of the Hōjō family, turned against the Hōjō and fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in the hopes of being named shōgun. Takauji attacked Hōjō Nakatomi and Hōjō Tokimasu, the [[Rokuhara Tandai]], or chiefs of the Kamakura shogunate in Kyoto. They both fled to the east, but were captured in [[Ōmi Province]]. On July 7, 1333, Go-Daigo seized the throne from Emperor Kōgon and attempted to re-established Imperial control in what is referred to as the [[Kenmu Restoration]] (1333–1336). Go-Daigo's attempt failed, however, after [[Ashikaga Takauji]] turned against him.
In 1331, when Go-Daigo's second attempt to overthrow the [[shogunate]] became public, the Shogunate seized him, exiled him to the [[Oki Islands]], and enthroned Kōgon on October 22. Emperor Go-Daigo used the 17-petal chrysanthemum emblem during his exile. He escaped Oki in 1333, with the help of [[Nawa Nagatoshi]] and his family, and raised an army at Funagami Mountain in [[Hōki Province]] (the modern town of Kotoura in [[Tohaku District, Tottori|Tōhaku District]], [[Tottori Prefecture]]). Meanwhile, [[Ashikaga Takauji]] (足利 尊氏), the chief general of the Hōjō family, turned against the Hōjō and fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in the hopes of being named shōgun. Takauji attacked Hōjō Nakatomi and Hōjō Tokimasu, the [[Rokuhara Tandai]], or chiefs of the Kamakura shogunate in Kyoto. They both fled to the east, but were captured in [[Ōmi Province]]. On July 7, 1333, Go-Daigo seized the throne from Emperor Kōgon and attempted to re-established Imperial control in what is referred to as the [[Kenmu Restoration]] (1333–1336). Go-Daigo's attempt failed, however, after [[Ashikaga Takauji]] turned against him.


In 1336, Takauji installed Kōgon's younger brother on the throne as [[Emperor Kōmyō]]. Go-Daigo fled to [[Yoshino, Nara|Yoshino]], in [[Yamato Province]] and continued to lay proper claim to the throne, establishing what would come to be known as the [[Southern Court (Japan)|Southern Court]]. Kōmyō's court remained in Kyoto and would come to be known as the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Northern Dynasty]]. This marked the beginning of the [[Nanboku-chō|Northern and Southern Courts Period]] of Japanese history, which lasted until 1392.
In 1336, Takauji installed Kōgon's younger brother on the throne as [[Emperor Kōmyō]]. Go-Daigo fled to [[Yoshino, Nara|Yoshino]], in [[Yamato Province]] and continued to lay proper claim to the throne, establishing what would come to be known as the [[Southern Court]]. Kōmyō's court remained in Kyoto and would come to be known as the [[Northern Court]]. This marked the beginning of the [[Nanboku-chō|Northern and Southern Courts Period]] of Japanese history, which lasted until 1392.


In April 1352, taking advantage of a family feud in the Ashikaga clan known as the Kan'ō Disturbance, [[Emperor Go-Murakami]] of the Southern Court captured Kyōto, and carried away Emperor Kōgon, Emperor Kōmyō, [[Emperor Sukō]], and the Crown Prince Tadahito. They finally ended up in Anau, the location of the Southern Court.<ref name=Sansom2>{{Cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |title=A History of Japan, 1334–1615 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans |url-access=registration |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1961 |isbn=0804705259 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans/page/88 88]}}</ref>
In April 1352, taking advantage of a family feud in the Ashikaga clan known as the Kan'ō Disturbance, [[Emperor Go-Murakami]] of the Southern Court captured Kyōto, and carried away Emperor Kōgon, Emperor Kōmyō, [[Emperor Sukō]], and the Crown Prince Tadahito. They finally ended up in Anau, the location of the Southern Court.<ref name=Sansom2>{{Cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |title=A History of Japan, 1334–1615 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans |url-access=registration |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1961 |isbn=0804705259 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans/page/88 88]}}</ref>
Line 61: Line 63:
The years of Kōgon's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.<ref>Titsingh, p. 286.</ref>
The years of Kōgon's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.<ref>Titsingh, p. 286.</ref>


:'''Pre-Naboku-chō'' period'''
:'''''Pre-Nanboku-chō'' period'''
** ''[[Genkō (second)|Genkō]]'' (1331–1334)
** ''[[Genkō (second)|Genkō]]'' (1331–1334)
** ''[[Kenmu]]'' (1334–1336)
** ''[[Kenmu]]'' (1334–1336)


:'''''Naboku-chō'' Southern court''
:'''''Nanboku-chō'' Southern court'''
*Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
*Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
** ...
** ...


:'''''Naboku-chō'' Northern court'''
:'''''Nanboku-chō'' Northern court'''
*Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
*Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
** ''[[Shōkei (Japanese era)|Shōkei]]'' (1332–1338)
** ''[[Shōkei (Japanese era)|Shōkei]]'' (1332–1338)
Line 75: Line 77:
===Southern Court Rivals===
===Southern Court Rivals===
* [[Emperor Go-Daigo]]
* [[Emperor Go-Daigo]]

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center|ref=<ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6#093a|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|date=30 April 2010 |access-date=5 December 2020|language=ja}}</ref>
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Emperor Kōgon'''
|2= 2. [[Emperor Go-Fushimi]] (1288-1336)
|3= 3. [[:ja:西園寺寧子|Saionji Neishi/Yasuko]] (1292-1357)
|4= 4. [[Emperor Fushimi]] (1265-1317)
|5= 5. [[:ja:五辻経子|Itsutsuji Tsuneko]] (d. 1324)
|6= 6. [[:ja:西園寺公衡|Saionji Kinhira]] (1264-1315)
|7= 7. Fujiwara Kaneko
|8= 8. [[Emperor Go-Fukakusa]] (1243-1304)
|9= 9. [[:ja:洞院愔子|Tōin Inshi]] (1246-1329)
|10= 10. Itsutsuji Tsuneuji
|11=
|12=12.[[:ja:西園寺実兼|Saionji Sanekane]] (1249-1322)
|13=13. Nakanoin Akiko
|14=14. Fujiwara Mitsuyasu
|15=
|16= 16. [[Emperor Go-Saga]] (1220-1272)
|17= 17. [[Fujiwara no Kitsushi]] (1225-1292)
|18= 18. [[:ja:洞院実雄|Tōin Saneo]] (1219-1273)
|19= 19. Fujiwara Kurako
|20=
|21=
|22=
|23=
|24= 24. [[:ja:西園寺公相|Saionji Kinsuke]] (1223-1267)
|25= 25. Nakahara
|26= 26. [[:ja:中院通成|Nakanoin Michinari]] (1222-1287)
|27=
|28=
|29=
|30=
|31=
}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 82: Line 125:
==References==
==References==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&dq=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&client=firefox-a&pgis=1 ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]].
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran Annales des empereurs du Japon.]'' Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]].
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kogon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kogon}}
[[Category:Japanese emperors]]
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:1313 births]]
[[Category:1313 births]]
[[Category:1364 deaths]]
[[Category:1364 deaths]]
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[[Category:1330s in Japan|Emperor Kogon]]
[[Category:1330s in Japan|Emperor Kogon]]
[[Category:14th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:14th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:Japanese Zen Buddhists]]
[[Category:Sons of Japanese emperors]]

Latest revision as of 01:29, 26 July 2024

Emperor Kōgon
光厳天皇
1st Northern Emperor
ReignOctober 22, 1331 – July 7, 1333
PredecessorGo-Daigo
SuccessorKōmyō
BornAugust 1, 1313
DiedAugust 5, 1364(1364-08-05) (aged 51)
SpousePrincess Yoshiko [ja]
Princess Hisako
Issue
among others...		Emperor Sukō
Emperor Go-Kōgon
Posthumous name
Tsuigō:
Emperor Kōgon (光厳院 or 光厳天皇)
HouseImperial House of Japan
FatherEmperor Go-Fushimi
Mother Saionji (Fujiwara) Neishi
Signature

Emperor Kōgon (光厳天皇, Kōgon-tennō, August 1, 1313 – August 5, 1364) was the first of the Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan. His reign spanned the years from 1331 through 1333.[1]

Genealogy

[edit]

Before his ascension to the Nanboku-chō throne, his personal name (his imina) was Kazuhito-shinnō (量仁親王).[2] He was the third son of Emperor Go-Fushimi of the Jimyōin line. His mother was Kōgimon'in Neishi (広義門院寧子). He was adopted by his uncle, Emperor Hanazono. His family included:

  • Empress: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (懽子内親王) later Senseimon-in (宣政門院), Emperor Go-Daigo’s daughter
    • Second daughter: (b. 1335)
    • Third daughter: Imperial Princess Mitsuko (b. 1337; 光子内親王)
  • Consort: Imperial Princess Hisako (寿子内親王) later Kianmon-in (徽安門院), Emperor Hanazono’s daughter
  • Lady-in-waiting: Sanjō Shūshi (三条秀子) later Yōrokumon’in (陽禄門院), Ogimachi Sanjo Kinhide's daughter
    • First daughter: (b. 1333)
    • Princess
    • First son: Imperial Prince Okihito (興仁親王) later Emperor Sukō
    • Second son: Imperial Prince Iyahito (弥仁親王) later Emperor Go-Kōgon
  • Naishi: Ima-no-kata, Saionji Sanehira's daughter
  • Naishi: Dai-no-kata, Saionji Saneakira's daughter
    • Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Sonchō (1344–1378; 尊朝親道親王)
    • Princess
  • Naishi: Ichijo-no-tsubone, Ogimachi Kinkage's daughter
    • Imperial Prince Yoshihito (died 1415; 義仁親王)
  • Naishi: Oinomikado Fuyuuji's daughter
    • daughter: (1331–1402)
  • Unknown
    • Daughter: Hanarin Songen (d. 1386; 華林恵厳)

Events of Kōgon's life

[edit]

In his own lifetime, Kōgon and those around him believed that he occupied the Chrysanthemum Throne from October 22, 1331[3] until July 7, 1333.[4] Kazuhito-shinnō was named Crown Prince and heir to Emperor Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line in 1326. At this time in Japanese history, by decision of the Kamakura shogunate, the throne would alternate between the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines every ten years. However, Go-Daigo did not comply with this negotiated agreement.

In 1331, when Go-Daigo's second attempt to overthrow the shogunate became public, the Shogunate seized him, exiled him to the Oki Islands, and enthroned Kōgon on October 22. Emperor Go-Daigo used the 17-petal chrysanthemum emblem during his exile. He escaped Oki in 1333, with the help of Nawa Nagatoshi and his family, and raised an army at Funagami Mountain in Hōki Province (the modern town of Kotoura in Tōhaku District, Tottori Prefecture). Meanwhile, Ashikaga Takauji (足利 尊氏), the chief general of the Hōjō family, turned against the Hōjō and fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in the hopes of being named shōgun. Takauji attacked Hōjō Nakatomi and Hōjō Tokimasu, the Rokuhara Tandai, or chiefs of the Kamakura shogunate in Kyoto. They both fled to the east, but were captured in Ōmi Province. On July 7, 1333, Go-Daigo seized the throne from Emperor Kōgon and attempted to re-established Imperial control in what is referred to as the Kenmu Restoration (1333–1336). Go-Daigo's attempt failed, however, after Ashikaga Takauji turned against him.

In 1336, Takauji installed Kōgon's younger brother on the throne as Emperor Kōmyō. Go-Daigo fled to Yoshino, in Yamato Province and continued to lay proper claim to the throne, establishing what would come to be known as the Southern Court. Kōmyō's court remained in Kyoto and would come to be known as the Northern Court. This marked the beginning of the Northern and Southern Courts Period of Japanese history, which lasted until 1392.

In April 1352, taking advantage of a family feud in the Ashikaga clan known as the Kan'ō Disturbance, Emperor Go-Murakami of the Southern Court captured Kyōto, and carried away Emperor Kōgon, Emperor Kōmyō, Emperor Sukō, and the Crown Prince Tadahito. They finally ended up in Anau, the location of the Southern Court.[5]

Following this, Kōgon was held under house arrest for the remainder of his life. In his final years, he converted to Zen Buddhism, and died on August 5, 1364.

Eras of Kōgon's reign

[edit]

The years of Kōgon's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[6]

Pre-Nanboku-chō period
Nanboku-chō Southern court
  • Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
    • ...
Nanboku-chō Northern court
  • Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)

Southern Court Rivals

[edit]

Ancestry

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. ^ "コトバンク 「光嚴天皇」". Retrieved 2017-07-23.
  2. ^ Titsingh, p. 286.
  3. ^ The twentieth day of the ninth month of the third year of Gentoku, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
  4. ^ The twenty-fifth day of the fifth month of the second year of Shōkei, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
  5. ^ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334–1615. Stanford University Press. p. 88. ISBN 0804705259.
  6. ^ Titsingh, p. 286.
  7. ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). 30 April 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2020.

References

[edit]

See also

[edit]
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Emperor Go-Daigo
(Legitimate/Southern Emperor)
 Northern Emperor
1331–1333 		Succeeded by
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