Black-eyed gecko: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of lizard}} |
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<!-- This article was auto-generated by [[User:Polbot]]. --> |
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{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2024}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{speciesbox |
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| name = Black-eyed gecko |
| name = Black-eyed gecko |
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| image = Mokopirirakau kahutarae by Gregory H Sherley.jpg |
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| image = |
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| image_caption = |
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| genus = Mokopirirakau |
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| species = kahutarae |
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| authority = ([[Anthony Whitaker|A. Whitaker]], 1985) |
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| classis = [[Reptilia]] |
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| status = VU |
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| familia = [[Diplodactylidae]] |
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| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 14 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Hitchmough, R. |author2=van Winkel, D. |author3=Lettink, M. |author4=Chapple, D. |date=2019 |title=''Mokopirirakau kahutarae'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T10251A120188625 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10251A120188625.en |access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| genus = ''[[Hoplodactylus]]'' |
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| status2 = CITES_A3 |
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| species = '''''H. kahutarae''''' |
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| status2_system = CITES |
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| binomial = ''Hoplodactylus kahutarae'' |
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| status2_ref = <ref>Listed by New Zealand</ref> |
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| binomial_authority = Whitaker, 1985 |
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| synonyms = }} |
| synonyms = * ''Hoplodactylus kahutarae'' <br>{{small|A. Whitaker, 1985}} |
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*''Mokopirirakau kahutarae'' <br>{{small|— [[Stuart V. Nielsen|Nielsen]] et al., 2011}} |
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| synonyms_ref =<ref>"''Mokopirirakau kahutarae'' ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref> |
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}} |
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The '''black-eyed gecko''' ('''''Mokopirirakau kahutarae'''''), also known [[Common name|commonly]] as '''Whitaker's sticky-toed gecko''',<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Whitaker's Sticky-toed Gecko ''Hoplodactylus kahutarae'' Whitaker, 1985", p. 284).</ref> is a [[species]] of [[lizard]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Diplodactylidae]]. An alpine [[gecko]] species, discovered in 1970, it inhabits high-altitude mountains in three areas of the [[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]]. It is the highest-altitude lizard species in New Zealand, living up to {{convert|2200|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. |
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The '''black-eyed gecko''', ''Hoplodactylus kahutarae'', is a species of alpine [[gecko]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[New Zealand]]. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific epithet]], ''"kahutarae"'', is taken from "Kahutara saddle", the locale where the [[type specimen]] was found.<ref name="NZFR">''New Zealand Frogs and Reptiles'', Brian Gill and Tony Whitaker, David Bateman limited, 2001</ref> The [[holotype]] is in the collection of the [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]].<ref>{{Cite web | title = Hoplodactylus kahutarae Whitaker, 1985; holotype | work = Collections Online | publisher = Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa | url = http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/ObjectDetails.aspx?oid=255774 | accessdate = 17 July 2010}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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The black-eyed gecko is named for its unusually melanised irises. These could be an evolutionary response to a higher UV alpine environment above 1300m, but nocturnal habit and other newly discovered alpine geckos without this feature do not support this |
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The black-eyed gecko is a medium-sized lizard, olive or grey above and white below, with 6–7 lighter bands across the [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsal surface]] of its body, and speckled sides. It has very small body scales and narrow tapering toes, which more closely resemble those of an arboreal than a terrestrial gecko. It is most notable for its prominent eyebrows and unusually jet-black irises – all other related geckos have a light iris with a filigree pattern. When handled it makes chirruping calls or squeals.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Behaviour== |
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''M. kahutarae'' is nocturnal and can be active at temperatures as low as 7 °C.<ref name=":0" /> It sun-basks on boulders at the entrance to its retreat, but is very wary and flees rapidly if disturbed.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Taxonomy== |
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Initially classified in the [[genus]] ''[[Hoplodactylus]]'', the black-eyed gecko is now placed in the genus ''[[Mokopirirakau]]'' along with other narrow-toed alpine and forest geckos.<ref>{{Cite journal|last2=Bauer|first2=Aaron M.|author-link2=:fr:Aaron Matthew Bauer|last3=Jackman|first3=Todd R.|last4=Hitchmough|first4=Rod A.|last5=Daugherty|first5=Charles H.|date=2011|title=New Zealand geckos (Diplodactylidae): Cryptic diversity in a post-Gondwanan lineage with trans-Tasman affinities|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=59|issue=1|pages=1–22|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.007|issn=1055-7903|last1=Nielsen|first1=Stuart V.|pmid=21184833}}</ref> The [[holotype]] specimen is in the collection of the [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/255774|title=''Mokopirirakau kahutarae'' Whitaker, 1985; holotype|publisher=Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa|work=Collections Online|access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> |
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==Geographic range== |
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[[File:Hutton's shearwater habitat.jpeg|left|thumb|The [[Hutton's shearwater]] breeding colony at Shearwater Stream where the first black-eyed gecko was discovered.]] |
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The first specimen of ''M. kahutarae'' collected was found in March 1970 in a colony of [[Hutton's shearwater]]s on Mt Tarahaka in the [[Kaikōura Ranges|Seaward Kaikōura Range]]. It was immediately recognised as an undescribed species, but repeated searches from 1970 to 1981 in the Seaward Kaikōuras failed to find any further individuals, until in 1983 four were collected in the Kahutara Saddle area, {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from where it was first found. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific epithet]], ''kahutarae,'' is taken from the place where the [[type specimen]] was found.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Whitaker AH|author-link=Anthony Whitaker|date=1984|title=''Hoplodactylus kahutarae'' n. sp. (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from the Seaward Kaikoura Range, Marlborough, New Zealand.|journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology|volume=11|issue=3|pages=259–270|doi=10.1080/03014223.1984.10428239|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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The black-eyed gecko has since been found in the mountains of Nelson and in the Lewis Pass area, living on alpine bluffs and rocky outcrops between {{convert|1200|and|2200|m|ft|abbr=on}}. It is able to survive in the [[Altitudinal zonation|sub-nival zone]], where vegetation is patchy and snow-covered in winter.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Photographic Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand|last=Jewell|first=Tony|publisher=New Holland|year=2011|isbn=978-1-86966-203-5|location=Auckland|pages=42}}</ref> |
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It is possible that this species is not especially adapted to an alpine habit; rocks and bluffs may be its last retreat from the rats and mice common at lower altitudes.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Conservation status== |
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In 2012 the [[Department of Conservation (New Zealand)|Department of Conservation (DOC)]] classified ''M. kahutarae'' as Nationally Vulnerable under the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System]]. This was based on it existing in just a few subpopulations, the largest of less than 500 individuals, predicted to decline. It was noted as being data-poor, and sparsely distributed with a restricted range.<ref name="Conservation 2012">{{cite web|last1=Hitchmough|first1=Rod|last2=Anderson|first2=Peter|last3=Barr|first3=Ben|last4=Monks|first4=Jo|last5=Lettink|first5=Marieke|last6=Reardon|first6=James|last7=Tocher|first7=Mandy|last8=Whitaker|first8=Tony|title=Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2012|url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/nztcs2entire.pdf|website=Department of Conservation|publisher=The Government of New Zealand|access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* Alpine geckos discussed on Radio NZ ''Critter of the Week'',[http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/201808415/critter-of-the-week-the-alpine-gecko 15 July 2016] |
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* [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/10251/all ''Hoplodactylus kahutarae''] at the [[IUCN Red List]] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3008575}} |
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{{gecko-stub}} |
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[[eu:Hoplodactylus kahutarae]] |
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[[fr:Mokopirirakau kahutarae]] |
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[[sr:Црнооки гекон]] |
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[[Category:Reptiles described in 1985]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Anthony Whitaker]] |
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[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:04, 26 July 2024
| Black-eyed gecko | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Diplodactylidae |
| Genus: | Mokopirirakau |
| Species: | M. kahutarae
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| Binomial name | |
| Mokopirirakau kahutarae (A. Whitaker, 1985)
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| Synonyms[3] | |
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The black-eyed gecko (Mokopirirakau kahutarae), also known commonly as Whitaker's sticky-toed gecko,[4] is a species of lizard in the family Diplodactylidae. An alpine gecko species, discovered in 1970, it inhabits high-altitude mountains in three areas of the South Island of New Zealand. It is the highest-altitude lizard species in New Zealand, living up to 2,200 m (7,200 ft) above sea level.
Description
[edit]The black-eyed gecko is a medium-sized lizard, olive or grey above and white below, with 6–7 lighter bands across the dorsal surface of its body, and speckled sides. It has very small body scales and narrow tapering toes, which more closely resemble those of an arboreal than a terrestrial gecko. It is most notable for its prominent eyebrows and unusually jet-black irises – all other related geckos have a light iris with a filigree pattern. When handled it makes chirruping calls or squeals.[5]
Behaviour
[edit]M. kahutarae is nocturnal and can be active at temperatures as low as 7 °C.[5] It sun-basks on boulders at the entrance to its retreat, but is very wary and flees rapidly if disturbed.[5]
Taxonomy
[edit]Initially classified in the genus Hoplodactylus, the black-eyed gecko is now placed in the genus Mokopirirakau along with other narrow-toed alpine and forest geckos.[6] The holotype specimen is in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.[7]
Geographic range
[edit]
The first specimen of M. kahutarae collected was found in March 1970 in a colony of Hutton's shearwaters on Mt Tarahaka in the Seaward Kaikōura Range. It was immediately recognised as an undescribed species, but repeated searches from 1970 to 1981 in the Seaward Kaikōuras failed to find any further individuals, until in 1983 four were collected in the Kahutara Saddle area, 30 km (19 mi) away from where it was first found. The specific epithet, kahutarae, is taken from the place where the type specimen was found.[5]
The black-eyed gecko has since been found in the mountains of Nelson and in the Lewis Pass area, living on alpine bluffs and rocky outcrops between 1,200 and 2,200 m (3,900 and 7,200 ft). It is able to survive in the sub-nival zone, where vegetation is patchy and snow-covered in winter.[8]
It is possible that this species is not especially adapted to an alpine habit; rocks and bluffs may be its last retreat from the rats and mice common at lower altitudes.[5]
Conservation status
[edit]In 2012 the Department of Conservation (DOC) classified M. kahutarae as Nationally Vulnerable under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. This was based on it existing in just a few subpopulations, the largest of less than 500 individuals, predicted to decline. It was noted as being data-poor, and sparsely distributed with a restricted range.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hitchmough, R.; van Winkel, D.; Lettink, M.; Chapple, D. (2019). "Mokopirirakau kahutarae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10251A120188625. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10251A120188625.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ Listed by New Zealand
- ^ "Mokopirirakau kahutarae ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Whitaker's Sticky-toed Gecko Hoplodactylus kahutarae Whitaker, 1985", p. 284).
- ^ a b c d e Whitaker AH (1984). "Hoplodactylus kahutarae n. sp. (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from the Seaward Kaikoura Range, Marlborough, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 11 (3): 259–270. doi:10.1080/03014223.1984.10428239.
- ^ Nielsen, Stuart V.; Bauer, Aaron M. [in French]; Jackman, Todd R.; Hitchmough, Rod A.; Daugherty, Charles H. (2011). "New Zealand geckos (Diplodactylidae): Cryptic diversity in a post-Gondwanan lineage with trans-Tasman affinities". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 59 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.007. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 21184833.
- ^ "Mokopirirakau kahutarae Whitaker, 1985; holotype". Collections Online. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ Jewell, Tony (2011). A Photographic Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand. Auckland: New Holland. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-86966-203-5.
- ^ Hitchmough, Rod; Anderson, Peter; Barr, Ben; Monks, Jo; Lettink, Marieke; Reardon, James; Tocher, Mandy; Whitaker, Tony. "Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2012" (PDF). Department of Conservation. The Government of New Zealand. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
External links
[edit]- Alpine geckos discussed on Radio NZ Critter of the Week,15 July 2016