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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2024}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| image = Leucocarbo ranfurlyi specimen LB4253.jpg
| image = Leucocarbo-ranfurlyi-MATTERN.jpg
| image_caption = Specimen of ''Leucocarbo ranfurlyi'' held at the [[Auckland Museum]].
| image_caption = ''Leucocarbo ranfurlyi'' photographed on Proclamation Island, [[Bounty Islands]].
| status = VU
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22696876/0 |title=''Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2012 |access-date=26 November 2013|ref=harv}}</ref>]
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year= 2018 |title= ''Leucocarbo ranfurlyi'' |page= e.T22696876A133557244 |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>]
| genus = Leucocarbo
| genus = Leucocarbo
| species = ranfurlyi
| species = ranfurlyi
| authority = [[William Robert Ogilvie-Grant|Ogilvie-Grant]], 1901
| authority = ([[William Robert Ogilvie-Grant|Ogilvie-Grant]], 1901)
| synonyms = ''Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi'' }}
| synonyms = ''Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi''
}}


The '''Bounty shag''' (''Leucocarbo ranfurlyi''), also known as the '''Bounty Island shag''', is a species of [[cormorant]] of the [[Phalacrocoracidae]] family. They are found only on the tiny and remote Subantarctic [[Bounty Islands]], 670&nbsp;km south east of [[New Zealand]]. Its natural [[habitat]]s are open seas and rocky shores. In 2005 618 individuals were counted (with roughly 410 mature ones) and the population seems to have remained stable since.
The '''Bounty shag''' ('''''Leucocarbo ranfurlyi'''''), also known as the '''Bounty Island shag''', is a species of [[cormorant]] of the family [[Phalacrocoracidae]]. They are found only on the tiny and remote Subantarctic [[Bounty Islands]], {{cvt|670|km}} southeast of [[New Zealand]]. Its natural [[habitat]]s are open seas and rocky shores. In 2022, a full [[Unmanned aerial vehicle]] survey of the Bounty archipelago found a total of 573 breeding pairs and estimates the population to consist of approximately 1,733 birds.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mattern |first=Thomas |last2=Pütz |first2=Klemens |last3=Mattern |first3=Hannah |last4=Houston |first4=David |last5=Long |first5=Robin |last6=Keys |first6=Bianca |last7=White |first7=Jeff |last8=Ellenberg |first8=Ursula |last9=Garcia-Borboroglu |first9=Pablo |date=2023 |title=Accurate abundance estimation of cliff-breeding Bounty Island shags using drone-based 2D and 3D photogrammetry |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ace-02496-180206 |journal=Avian Conservation and Ecology |volume=18 |issue=2 |doi=10.5751/ace-02496-180206 |issn=1712-6568|doi-access=free }}</ref> These recent estimates are consistent with the only other comparable study from 1978 <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Robertson |first=C.J.R |last2=van Tets |first2=G.F. |date=1982 |title=The status of birds at the Bounty Islands |url=https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/publications/the-status-of-birds-at-the-bounty-islands-2/ |journal=Notornis |volume=29 |issue=4}}</ref> and suggest that the species' population has remained stable over the past 45 years.


Some taxonomic authorities, including the [[International Ornithologists' Union]], place this species in the genus ''[[Leucocarbo]]''. Others place it in the genus ''[[Phalacrocorax]]''.
Some taxonomic authorities, including the [[International Ornithologists' Union]], place this species in the genus ''[[Leucocarbo]]''. Others place it in the genus ''[[Phalacrocorax]]''.

They construct nests on cliff ledges using [[Brown algae|brown seaweed]], and breed during October, with chicks hatching from late November to early December.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Michaux |first=B.|date=2013 |title=Bounty Island shag |url=https://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/bounty-island-shag/ |journal=New Zealand Birds Online}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
Size; 71&nbsp;cm. Large, black-and-white cormorant. Black head, hind neck, lower back, rump, uppertail-coverts, all with metallic blue sheen. White underparts. Pink feet. White patches on wings appear as bar when folded. [[Caruncle (bird anatomy)|Caruncles]] absent. Voice: Male makes call during displays only.
Size; {{cvt|71|cm}}. Large, black-and-white cormorant. Black head, hind neck, lower back, rump, uppertail-coverts, all with metallic blue sheen. White underparts. Pink feet. White patches on wings appear as bar when folded. [[Caruncle (bird anatomy)|Caruncles]] absent. Voice: Male makes call during displays only.


[[IUCN]] classifies this species as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] because its very small population and breeding range renders it susceptible to [[stochastic]] events and human impacts. The Bounty Islands are a nature reserve and are free of introduced predators. In 1998, they were declared part of a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The islands are uninhabited and are seldom visited, so human interference is minimal.<ref>See: IUCN Red List of threatened species, at: {{cite iucn |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003693/0 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228233839/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003693/0 |archivedate=2012-12-28 }}</ref>
[[IUCN]] classifies this species as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] because its very small population and breeding range renders it susceptible to [[stochastic]] events and human impacts. However, some data indicates that its population is presently stable.<ref name=":0" /> The Bounty Islands are a nature reserve and are free of introduced predators. In 1998, they were declared part of a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].<ref name=IUCN/> The islands are uninhabited and are seldom visited, so human interference is minimal.


== References ==
== References ==
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3693&m=0 Species factsheet] - BirdLife International
*[http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/bounty-islands-shag-leucocarbo-ranfurlyi Species factsheet] - BirdLife International


{{Suliformes}}
{{Suliformes}}
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q677266}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q677266}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:shag, Bounty}}
[[Category:Leucocarbo|Bounty shag]]
[[Category:Leucocarbo|Bounty shag]]
[[Category:Birds of the Bounty Islands]]
[[Category:Birds of the Bounty Islands]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1901|Bounty shag]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1901|Bounty shag]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of New Zealand]]

Latest revision as of 07:06, 26 July 2024

Bounty shag
Leucocarbo ranfurlyi photographed on Proclamation Island, Bounty Islands.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Suliformes
Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Genus: Leucocarbo
Species:
L. ranfurlyi
Binomial name
Leucocarbo ranfurlyi
Synonyms

Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi

The Bounty shag (Leucocarbo ranfurlyi), also known as the Bounty Island shag, is a species of cormorant of the family Phalacrocoracidae. They are found only on the tiny and remote Subantarctic Bounty Islands, 670 km (420 mi) southeast of New Zealand. Its natural habitats are open seas and rocky shores. In 2022, a full Unmanned aerial vehicle survey of the Bounty archipelago found a total of 573 breeding pairs and estimates the population to consist of approximately 1,733 birds.[2] These recent estimates are consistent with the only other comparable study from 1978 [3] and suggest that the species' population has remained stable over the past 45 years.

Some taxonomic authorities, including the International Ornithologists' Union, place this species in the genus Leucocarbo. Others place it in the genus Phalacrocorax.

They construct nests on cliff ledges using brown seaweed, and breed during October, with chicks hatching from late November to early December.[4]

Description

[edit]

Size; 71 cm (28 in). Large, black-and-white cormorant. Black head, hind neck, lower back, rump, uppertail-coverts, all with metallic blue sheen. White underparts. Pink feet. White patches on wings appear as bar when folded. Caruncles absent. Voice: Male makes call during displays only.

IUCN classifies this species as Vulnerable because its very small population and breeding range renders it susceptible to stochastic events and human impacts. However, some data indicates that its population is presently stable.[2] The Bounty Islands are a nature reserve and are free of introduced predators. In 1998, they were declared part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1] The islands are uninhabited and are seldom visited, so human interference is minimal.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2018). "Leucocarbo ranfurlyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22696876A133557244. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Mattern, Thomas; Pütz, Klemens; Mattern, Hannah; Houston, David; Long, Robin; Keys, Bianca; White, Jeff; Ellenberg, Ursula; Garcia-Borboroglu, Pablo (2023). "Accurate abundance estimation of cliff-breeding Bounty Island shags using drone-based 2D and 3D photogrammetry". Avian Conservation and Ecology. 18 (2). doi:10.5751/ace-02496-180206. ISSN 1712-6568.
  3. ^ Robertson, C.J.R; van Tets, G.F. (1982). "The status of birds at the Bounty Islands". Notornis. 29 (4).
  4. ^ Michaux, B. (2013). "Bounty Island shag". New Zealand Birds Online.
[edit]
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