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{{short description|British naval brig (1797–1816)}}
{{other ships|HMS Snake}}
{{other ships|HMS Snake}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
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|Ship captured=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Sold 1816
|Ship fate=Sold 1816
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Ship class=
|Ship class=
|Ship type=[[Brig sloop]]
|Ship type=[[Brig sloop]]
|Ship tonnage=385{{small|{{frac|75|94}}}} ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|Ship tons burthen=385{{small|{{frac|75|94}}}} ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|Ship length=*{{cvt|100|ft|1+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (overall)
|Ship length=*{{cvt|100|ft|1+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (overall)
*{{cvt|77|ft|4|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (keel)
*{{cvt|77|ft|4|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (keel)
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|Ship sail plan=
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship complement=121
|Ship complement=121
|Ship armament=16 x 32-pounder [[carronade]]s + 2 × 6-pounder [[chase guns]]
|Ship armament=16 × 32-pounder [[carronade]]s + 2 × 6-pounder [[chase guns]]
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''HMS ''Snake''''' was launched in 1797 as the only member of her class of [[brig-sloop]]s. She captured or destroyed two French [[privateer]]s and one Danish privateer. She also captured numerous small merchantmen, but spent time escorting convoys to and from the West Indies. She was sold in 1816.
'''HMS ''Snake''''' was a [[Royal Navy|British Royal Navy]] ship launched in 1797 as the only member of her class of [[brig-sloop]]s. She captured or destroyed two French [[privateer]]s and one Danish privateer. She also captured numerous small merchantmen, but spent time escorting convoys to and from the West Indies. She was sold in 1816.


==Design==
==Design==
''Snake'' was the sole vessel of her class. Her designer was Sir William Rule. He produced two designs, one for a [[ship-sloop]] (''Snake''), and one for a [[brig-sloop]] ({{HMS|Cruizer|1797|2}}) that differed only in their rigging. His designs were in competition with those of [[John Henslow (Surveyor of the Navy)|John Henslow]], who produced the ship-sloop {{HMS|Echo|1797|2}} and the brig-sloop {{HMS|Busy|1797|2}}. Rule's brig-sloop design won. The Admiralty ultimately ordered 106 {{sclass-|Cruizer|brig-sloop|0}} brig-sloops. In 1811, the Navy converted ''Snake'' to a brig-sloop, making her indistinguishable from the ''Cruizer''-class brig-sloops.
''Snake'' was the sole vessel of her class. Her designer was Sir William Rule. He produced two designs, one for a [[ship-sloop]] (''Snake''), and one for a [[brig-sloop]] ({{HMS|Cruizer|1797|2}}) that differed only in their rigging. His designs were in competition with those of [[John Henslow (Surveyor of the Navy)|John Henslow]], who produced the ship-sloop {{HMS|Echo|1797|2}} and the brig-sloop {{HMS|Busy|1797|2}}. Rule's brig-sloop design won. The Admiralty ultimately ordered 106 {{sclass|Cruizer|brig-sloop|0}} brig-sloops. In 1811, the Navy converted ''Snake'' to a brig-sloop, making her indistinguishable from the ''Cruizer''-class brig-sloops.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}


==Career==
==Career==
''Snake'' was commissioned in February 1798 under Commander John Mason Lewis for cruising and convoy duty.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}}
''Snake'' was commissioned in February 1798 under Commander John Mason Lewis for cruising and convoy duty.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264–265}}


On the morning of 10 November 1799 ''[[HMS Eurydice (1781)|HMS Eurydice]]'' was some {{convert|3|league|lk=in|spell=in}} south-east of [[Beachy Head]], when she sighted a schooner and a brig. The schooner made off as soon as she saw the ship and the brig hove to and hoisted her ensign upside down. The brig ''Diana'', which had been carrying a cargo of coal from Sunderland, informed ''Eurydice'' that ''Diana'' had repelled an attack by a French [[privateer]], suffering one man badly wounded while doing so. ''Eurydice'' sent over a boat and her surgeon, Mr. Pardie, had to amputate the arm of the wounded man on ''Diana''. ''Eurydice'' then set off in chase. At around 11a.m. ''Snake'' came up and joined the chase. Halfway through the afternoon ''Eurydice'' came nearly within gunshot of the privateer which bore up and tried to cross ''Snake''. ''Snake'' thwarted the attempt and the privateer then lowered her sails, enabling ''Snake'' to send over a boarding party. The schooner was ''Hirondelle'', of fourteen 3 and 4-pounder guns, with a crew of 50 men under the command of Pierre Merie Dugerdin. ''Hirondelle'' had left Calais the previous day and had not made any captures.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=12 November 1799|issue=15203|page=1168}}</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mazuuNaNY-oC&pg=PA223&lpg</ref> She was under the command of Jean Fresson.{{sfnp|Demerliac|2004|p=221, n°1778}}
On the morning of 10 November 1799 {{HMS|Eurydice|1781|2}} was some {{convert|3|league|lk=in|spell=in}} south-east of [[Beachy Head]], when she sighted a schooner and a brig. The schooner made off as soon as she saw the ship and the brig hove to and hoisted her ensign upside down. The brig ''Diana'', which had been carrying a cargo of coal from Sunderland, informed ''Eurydice'' that ''Diana'' had repelled an attack by a French [[privateer]], suffering one man badly wounded while doing so. ''Eurydice'' sent over a boat and her surgeon, Mr. Pardie, had to amputate the arm of the wounded man on ''Diana''. ''Eurydice'' then set off in chase. At around 11a.m. ''Snake'' came up and joined the chase. Halfway through the afternoon ''Eurydice'' came nearly within gunshot of the privateer which bore up and tried to cross ''Snake''. ''Snake'' thwarted the attempt and the privateer then lowered her sails, enabling ''Snake'' to send over a boarding party. The schooner was ''Hirondelle'', of fourteen 3 and 4-pounder guns, with a crew of 50 men under the command of Pierre Merie Dugerdin. ''Hirondelle'' had left Calais the previous day and had not made any captures.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=12 November 1799|issue=15203|page=1168}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mazuuNaNY-oC&pg=PA223 |title = The Naval Chronicle: Volume 3, January-July 1800: Containing a General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom with a Variety of Original Papers on Nautical Subjects|isbn = 9781108018425|last1 = Clarke|first1 = James Stanier|last2 = McArthur|first2 = John|date = 2 September 2010}}</ref> She was under the command of Jean Fresson.{{sfnp|Demerliac|1999|p=221, n°1778}}


On 3 February 1800 ''Snake'' sailed from Spithead with {{HMS|Melpomene|1794|2}} and {{HMS|Magnanime|1780|2}}. They were escorts to the convoy of some 150 ships to African and the East Indies.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 3, p.155.</ref> ''Snake'' parted from the convoy on 25 March in a terrible storm. She was not heard from for so long that it was believed that she had been lost. However, on 14 October she returned to Portsmouth from the coast of Africa. She brought at prize with her.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 4, p.345.</ref>
On 3 February 1800 ''Snake'' sailed from Spithead with {{HMS|Melpomene|1794|2}} and {{HMS|Magnanime|1780|2}}. They were escorts to the convoy of some 150 ships to African and the East Indies.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 3, p.155.</ref> ''Snake'' parted from the convoy on 25 March in a terrible storm. She was not heard from for so long that it was believed that she had been lost. However, on 14 October she returned to Portsmouth from the coast of Africa. She brought at prize with her.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 4, p.345.</ref>


This was almost surely the brig ''Less Amis'' that ''Snake'' captured on 13 September 1800.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=1 May 1804|issue=15698|page=563}}</ref>
This was almost certainly the brig ''Less Amis'' that ''Snake'' captured on 13 September 1800.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=1 May 1804|issue=15698|page=563}}</ref>


''Snake'' went into dock in November.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 4, p.524.</ref> Captain Lewis received a promotion to [[post captain]] on 1 January 1801.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 4, p.347.</ref><ref>Marshall (1824), Vol. 2, p..324.</ref> Commander Charles Tinling assumed command in January 1801.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}} ''Snake'' was one of the vessels that sailed from Spithead on 17 January 1801 for undeclared stations to transmit orders that the Royal Navy at that station was to detain all Swedish and Danish vessels.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 5, p.96.</ref> She returned on 26 January.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 5, p.183.</ref>
''Snake'' went into dock in November.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 4, p.524.</ref> Captain Lewis received a promotion to [[post captain]] on 1 January 1801.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 4, p.347.</ref><ref>Marshall (1824), Vol. 2, p.324.</ref> Commander Charles Tinling assumed command in January 1801.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264–265}} ''Snake'' was one of the vessels that sailed from Spithead on 17 January 1801 for undeclared stations to transmit orders that the Royal Navy at that station was to detain all Swedish and Danish vessels.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 5, p.96.</ref> She returned on 26 January.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 5, p.183.</ref>


Commander William Roberts replaced Tinling, who had been promoted to post captain. On 23 February Roberts sailed ''Snake'' as escort to a convoy for West Africa. However, contrary winds forced her to return to St Helen's. She was assigned to the Africa station.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 5, p.552.</ref>
Commander William Roberts replaced Tinling, who had been promoted to post captain. On 23 February Roberts sailed ''Snake'' as escort to a convoy for West Africa. However, contrary winds forced her to return to St Helen's. She was assigned to the Africa station.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 5, p.552.</ref>


In late 1801 Roberts sailed ''Snake'' to Jamaica.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}}
In late 1801 Roberts sailed ''Snake'' to Jamaica.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}}


The French frigate {{HMS|Guerriere|1806|2}} was initially trapped in harbour by the [[Blockade of Saint-Domingue]]. She was with the 74-gun [[HMS Implacable (1805)|''Duguay-Trouin'']] on 24 July 1803, when a British ship sighted ''Duguay-Truin'' off Cape Picolet. The 74-gun {{HMS|Elephant|1786|6}} gave chase, and the two ships exchanged several broadsides. ''Snake'' appeared on the north-west quarter, but ''Elephant'', either because of the appearance of ''Guerrière'' to windward, or for another unexplained reason, failed to maintain her position alongside ''Duguay-Trouin''. Consequently, both French ships were able to escape. However, {{ship|French ship|Duquesne|1787|2}}, a 74-gun armed [[en flûte]], was captured.
The French frigate {{HMS|Guerriere|1806|2}} was initially trapped in harbour by the [[Blockade of Saint-Domingue|blockade]] of [[Saint-Domingue]]. She was with the 74-gun [[HMS Implacable (1805)|''Duguay-Trouin'']] on 24 July 1803, when a British ship sighted ''Duguay-Trouin'' off Cape Picolet. The 74-gun {{HMS|Elephant|1786|6}} gave chase, and the two ships exchanged several broadsides. ''Snake'' appeared on the north-west quarter, but ''Elephant'', either because of the appearance of ''Guerrière'' to windward, or for another unexplained reason, failed to maintain her position alongside ''Duguay-Trouin''. Consequently, both French ships were able to escape. However, {{ship|French ship|Duquesne|1788|2}}, a 74-gun armed [[en flûte]], was captured.


On 10 November ''Snake'' chased a French privateer all day. In trying to evade him after dark the privateer grounded on Rocky Point near the east end of Jamaica. The quarry was ''Esperance''. ''Snake'' captured her 60 crew members and took them into [[Port Royal]].<ref>{{London Gazette|date=24 January 1804|issue=15669|page=111}}</ref>{{refn|Head money was paid in 1825. A first-class share of the prize money was worth [[£sd|£]]87 12[[shilling|s]] 1½[[pence|d]]; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman, was worth 13s 8¾d.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=30 August 1825|issue=18171|page=1588}}</ref>|group=Note}}
On 10 November ''Snake'' chased a French privateer all day. In trying to evade him after dark the privateer grounded on Rocky Point near the east end of Jamaica. The quarry was ''Esperance''. ''Snake'' captured her 60 crew members and took them into [[Port Royal]].<ref>{{London Gazette|date=24 January 1804|issue=15669|page=111}}</ref>{{efn|Head money was paid in 1825. A first-class share of the prize money was worth [[£sd|£]]87 12[[shilling|s]] {{frac|1|1|2}}[[pence|d]]; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman, was worth 13s {{frac|8|3|4}}d.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=30 August 1825|issue=18171|page=1588}}</ref>}}


The London ''Morning Post'' reported on 12 November 1803 that ''Snake'' had detained 12 vessels, most of which were American. They were bound from [[Jérémie]] to [[Cap-Haïtien|Cape François]] and ''Snake'' sent them into Port Royal.
The London ''Morning Post'' reported on 12 November 1803 that ''Snake'' had detained 12 vessels, most of which were American. They were bound from [[Jérémie]] to [[Cap-Haïtien|Cape François]] and ''Snake'' sent them into Port Royal.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}


In the spring of 1804 Commander Roberts commanded a small force based at New Providence in the Bahamas.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=29 May 1804|issue=15706|page=676}}</ref>
In the spring of 1804 Commander Roberts commanded a small force based at New Providence in the Bahamas.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=29 May 1804|issue=15706|page=676}}</ref>


''[[Lloyd's List]]'' reported on 20 August 1805 that a French privateer had captured the American brig ''Angel'', Spih, master, as ''Angel'' was sailing from St Domingo to Philadelphia. ''Snake'' recaptured ''Angel'', which came into [[Port Royal]], Jamaica.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735022?urlappend=%3Bseq=141 ''Lloyd's List'' №4245.]</ref>
''[[Lloyd's List]]'' reported on 20 August 1805 that a French privateer had captured the American brig ''Angel'', Spih, master, as ''Angel'' was sailing from St Domingo to Philadelphia. ''Snake'' recaptured ''Angel'', which came into [[Port Royal]], Jamaica.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735022?urlappend=%3Bseq=141 ''Lloyd's List'' No. 4245.]</ref>


Between March and August 1807 ''Snake'' underwent a Middling Repair at Chatham. In July Commander Thomas Young recommissioned her for the Leith Station. In August ''Snake'' was at the Nore and so was among the vessels that benefited from the proceeds of the Danish vessels detained there.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=27 July 1811|issue=16508|page=1461}}</ref> The vessels ''Printz Frederick'', ''Freden'', ''Elizabeth'', ''Vrow Anna'', ''Margdretha'', ''Anna Elizabeth'', and ''Cecilia'' were detained between the 26 and 29 August, and ''Cupido'' was detained on 1 September.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=17 August 1811|issue=16514|page=1623}}</ref>
Between March and August 1807 ''Snake'' underwent a Middling Repair at Chatham. In July Commander Thomas Young recommissioned her for the Leith Station. In August ''Snake'' was at the Nore and so was among the vessels that benefited from the proceeds of the Danish vessels detained there.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=27 July 1811|issue=16508|page=1461}}</ref> The vessels ''Printz Frederick'', ''Freden'', ''Elizabeth'', ''Vrow Anna'', ''Margdretha'', ''Anna Elizabeth'', and ''Cecilia'' were detained between the 26 and 29 August, and ''Cupido'' was detained on 1 September.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=17 August 1811|issue=16514|page=1623}}</ref>
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On 24 June 1809 ''Snake'' and {{HMS|Fancy|1806|2}} were in company and so later shared in the proceeds from the capture of the Danish [[galliot]] ''Catherina''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=9 June 1810|issue=16377|page=848}}</ref>
On 24 June 1809 ''Snake'' and {{HMS|Fancy|1806|2}} were in company and so later shared in the proceeds from the capture of the Danish [[galliot]] ''Catherina''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=9 June 1810|issue=16377|page=848}}</ref>


On 21 July the brig ''Johanna Catherina'', a prize to ''Snake'', arrived at Leith.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=127 ''Lloyd's List'' №4374.]</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|date=24 February 1810|issue=16345|page=290}}</ref>
On 21 July the brig ''Johanna Catherina'', a prize to ''Snake'', arrived at Leith.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=127 ''Lloyd's List'' No. 4374.]</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|date=24 February 1810|issue=16345|page=290}}</ref>


On 22 July ''Snake'' and ''Fancy'' attacked the town of [[Hammerfest]]. Before reaching Hammerfest, the British vessels had looted the village of [[Hasvik]], laying waste to the small fishing community. The battle between Hammerfest's two two-cannon batteries and the British warships with a total of 32 cannon was surprisingly intense and did not end before the Norwegian cannons had run out of [[gunpowder]] after about 90 minutes of combat. Both attacking warships had suffered a number of [[Round shot|cannonball]] hits and had at least one fatal casualty; a sailor who was buried at the local cemetery. During the battle, the local populace had been able to escape with most of the town's goods, but the raiding warships still stayed in the good [[port]] of Hammerfest for eight days. During their stay the Royal Navy sailors looted all they could get their hands on, including the church donation box and some of the church's silver.
On 22 July 1809, ''Snake'' and ''Fancy'' approached the town of [[Hammerfest]] in [[Denmark-Norway|Norway]]. Before reaching Hammerfest, the two vessels had successfully attacked the village of [[Hasvik (village)|Hasvik]].<ref>{{ cite book | author = Olsen, Håkon H. | year = 1965 | title = Bygdebok for Hasvik | url = http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2018071348035 | page = 118 }}</ref> The following battle between Hammerfest's two two-cannon batteries and the Royal Navy warships with a combined number of thirty-two cannon between them was unusually intense and did not end until the Norwegian cannons had run out of [[gunpowder]] after about 90 minutes of combat. Both warships had suffered a number of [[Round shot|cannonball]] hits and had at least one fatal casualty; a sailor who was buried at the local cemetery. During the battle, the local populace evacuated the town, and ''Snake'' and ''Fancy'' remained in the town for eight days after the Norwegian defenders withdrew. The crews sacked the empty town before withdrawing.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}


''Lloyd's List'' reported on 1 August that ''Fortuna'' had arrived at Aberdeen. ''Snake'' had captured her off North Cape.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=129 ''Lloyd's List'' №4375.]</ref>
''Lloyd's List'' reported on 1 August that ''Fortuna'' had arrived at Aberdeen. ''Snake'' had captured her off North Cape.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=129 ''Lloyd's List'' No. 4375.]</ref>


On 8 August, ''Snake'' captured a Danish [[galliot]], name unknown. The sales proceeds were remitted from Gothenburg.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=10 January 1809|issue=16217|page=51}}</ref>
On 8 August, ''Snake'' captured a Danish [[galliot]], name unknown. The sales proceeds were remitted from Gothenburg.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=10 January 1809|issue=16217|page=51}}</ref>


Also on 8 August three Danish vessels arrived at Leith. They were prizes to {{HMS|Nightingale|1805|2}}, ''Snake'', and {{HMS|Naiad|1797|2}}.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=135 ''Lloyd's List'' №4378.]</ref> One may have been the Danish privateer schooner ''Roland'', which ''Snake'' had captured the day before.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=10 January 1810|issue=16341|page=223}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|date=6 August 1811|issue=16511|page=1553}}</ref>
Also on 8 August three Danish vessels arrived at Leith. They were prizes to {{HMS|Nightingale|1805|2}}, ''Snake'', and {{HMS|Naiad|1797|2}}.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=135 ''Lloyd's List'' No. 4378.]</ref> One may have been the Danish privateer schooner ''Roland'', which ''Snake'' had captured the day before.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=10 January 1810|issue=16341|page=223}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|date=6 August 1811|issue=16511|page=1553}}</ref>


On 30 August ''Frederick'' of Oldenburgh, from Archangel, came into Leith. The Danes had captured her, and ''Snake'' had recaptured her.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=149 ''Lloyd's List'' №4385.]</ref> A later prize money announcement makes clearer that ''Snake'' had recaptured the galliot ''Oldenburg'', Carl Frederick Janvaril-Veer, master.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=28 November 1809|issue=16320|page=1913}}</ref>
On 30 August ''Frederick'' of Oldenburgh, from Archangel, came into Leith. The Danes had captured her, and ''Snake'' had recaptured her.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=149 ''Lloyd's List'' No. 4385.]</ref> A later prize money announcement makes clearer that ''Snake'' had recaptured the galliot ''Oldenburg'', Carl Frederick Janvaril-Veer, master.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=28 November 1809|issue=16320|page=1913}}</ref>


''Lloyd's List'' reported on 15 September that ''Snake'' had captured a Danish privateer of 12 guns and 78 men and brought her into Leith.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=155 ''Lloyd's List'' №4388.]</ref> This may have been ''Christiana'' that ''Snake'' captured off Bergen.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}} On 12 October ''Snake' captured the Danish galliot ''Frue Mette''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=29 May 1810|issue=16374|page=782}}</ref>
''Lloyd's List'' reported on 15 September that ''Snake'' had captured a Danish privateer of 12 guns and 78 men and brought her into Leith.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735024?urlappend=%3Bseq=155 ''Lloyd's List'' No. 4388.]</ref> This may have been ''Christiana'' that ''Snake'' captured off Bergen.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}} On 12 October ''Snake'' captured the Danish galliot ''Frue Mette''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=29 May 1810|issue=16374|page=782}}</ref>


On 15 May 1810 ''Snake'' captured ''Tri Bergithie''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=12 October 1811|issue=16530|page=1996}}</ref>
On 15 May 1810 ''Snake'' captured ''Tri Bergithie''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=12 October 1811|issue=16530|page=1996}}</ref>
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In November Commander William Hellard replaced Commander Young. ''Snake'' continued to serve on the Leith Station.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}}
In November Commander William Hellard replaced Commander Young. ''Snake'' continued to serve on the Leith Station.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}}


On 18 April 1811 a Danish schooner with a cargo of grain arrived at Leith. She was a prize to ''Snake''.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735025?urlappend=%3Bseq=73 ''Lloyd's List'' №4556.]</ref> On 8 May ''Snake'' captured a Danish sloop of unknown name.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=21 September 1813|issue=16779|page=1903}}</ref>
On 18 April 1811 a Danish schooner with a cargo of grain arrived at Leith. She was a prize to ''Snake''.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735025?urlappend=%3Bseq=73 ''Lloyd's List'' No. 4556.]</ref> On 8 May ''Snake'' captured a Danish sloop of unknown name.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=21 September 1813|issue=16779|page=1903}}</ref>


''Snake'' was at [[Lerwick]] on 5 November. She had saved men from a prize belonging to {{HMS|Tartar|1801|6}}. On the Sunday prior to 6 November, a Russian [[galiot]] that ''Tartar'' had captured was laying stranded at [[Montrose, Angus|Montrose]]. The river had carried her and deposited her on the beach. A strong tide then lifted her, causing her to drift out to sea where she was dashed to pieces on the Ness (probably Scurdie Ness).<ref>''The Times'', 8 November 1811, p.3.</ref>
''Snake'' was at [[Lerwick]] on 5 November. She had saved men from a prize belonging to {{HMS|Tartar|1801|6}}. On the Sunday prior to 6 November, a Russian [[galiot]] that ''Tartar'' had captured was laying stranded at [[Montrose, Angus|Montrose]]. The river had carried her and deposited her on the beach. A strong tide then lifted her, causing her to drift out to sea where she was dashed to pieces on the Ness (probably Scurdie Ness).<ref>''The Times'', 8 November 1811, p.3.</ref>


Hellard received promotion to post captain on 12 August 1812,<ref>Marshall (1829), Supplement, Part 3, p.108.</ref> and Commander George Robbin took command of ''Snake'' for the [[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Jamaica station]].{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}} ''Snake'' was among the vessels benefiting from the seizure on 12 August of the American vessels ''Cuba'', ''Caliban'', ''Edward'', ''Galen'', ''Halcyon'', and ''Cygnet'', shortly after the commencement of the [[War of 1812]].<ref>{{London Gazette|date=21 October 1815|issue=17072|page=2129}}</ref>
Hellard received promotion to post captain on 12 August 1812,{{sfnp|Marshall|1829|p=108}} and Commander George Robbin took command of ''Snake'' for the [[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Jamaica station]].{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}} ''Snake'' was among the vessels benefiting from the seizure on 12 August of the American vessels ''Cuba'', ''Caliban'', ''Edward'', ''Galen'', ''Halcyon'', and ''Cygnet'', shortly after the commencement of the [[War of 1812]].<ref>{{London Gazette|date=21 October 1815|issue=17072|page=2129}}</ref>


On 1 December ''Snake'' captured ''Twende Sostre'', Winther, master, on 21 January 1813 ''Splied'', Pederson, master.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=13 July 1813|issue=16752|page=1385}}</ref> Commander Robbin died while on the Jamaica station.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 31, p.439.</ref>
On 1 December ''Snake'' captured ''Twende Sostre'', Winther, master, on 21 January 1813 ''Splied'', Pederson, master.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=13 July 1813|issue=16752|page=1385}}</ref> Commander Robbin died while on the Jamaica station.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 31, p.439.</ref>


From 16 February 1814 to October 1815 Commander Joseph Gape was in command of ''Snake''.,<ref>Marshall (1833), Vol. 4, p.151.</ref> She made one more capture, that of the smuggling [[lugger]] ''Fox'' on 11 May 1815.{{refn|A first-class share was worth £3 13s; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 6¼d.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=7 May 1822|issue=17815|page=759–60}}</ref>|group=Note}}
From 16 February 1814 to October 1815 Commander Joseph Gape was in command of ''Snake''.,<ref>Marshall (1833), Vol. 4, p.151.</ref> She made one more capture, that of the smuggling [[lugger]] ''Fox'' on 11 May 1815.{{efn|A first-class share was worth £3 13s; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth {{frac|6|1|4}}d.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=7 May 1822|issue=17815|page=759–760}}</ref>}}


==Fate==
==Fate==
The "Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered for sale on 18 April 1816, lying at Sheerness, the "Snake brig, of 386 tons".<ref>{{London Gazette|date=9 April 1816|issue=17126|page=666}}</ref> She sold there on that day for £820.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}}
The "Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered for sale on 18 April 1816, lying at Sheerness, the "Snake brig, of 386 tons".<ref>{{London Gazette|date=9 April 1816|issue=17126|page=666}}</ref> She sold there on that day for £820.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|pp=264-5}}


==Notes, citations, and references==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
'''Notes'''

{{reflist|group=Note}}
'''Citations'''
==Citations==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

'''References'''
==References==
* {{cite book|title=La Marine de la Révolution: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1792 A 1799|last=Demerliac|first=Alain|year=2004|publisher=Éditions Ancre|isbn=2-906381-24-1|language=French |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=La Marine de la Révolution: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1792 A 1799|last=Demerliac|first=Alain|year=1999|publisher=Éditions Ancre|isbn=2-906381-24-1|language=fr }}
* {{cite book | last = Marshall | first = John | authorlink = John Marshall (biographer)| title =Royal naval biography, or, Memoirs of the services of all the flag-officers, superannuated rear-admirals, retired-captains, post-captains, and commanders, whose names appeared on the Admiralty list of sea officers at the commencement of the present year 1823, or who have since been promoted ...| publisher =Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown | series = | volume = | edition = | date = 1823–1835 | location = London | pages = | language = | url =}}
* {{cite book |first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793&ndash;1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth|year=2008|isbn=1-86176-246-1 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite RNB1823 |wstitle=Hellard, William|volume=sup |part=3 |page=108}}
* {{cite book |first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth|year=2008|isbn=978-1-86176-246-7 }}


==External links==
==External links==

Latest revision as of 09:05, 26 July 2024

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Snake.

Snake
History
Great Britain
NameHMS Snake
Ordered19 December 1796
BuilderBalthazar & Edward Adams, Bucklers Hard
Laid downJanuary 1797
Launched18 December 1797
FateSold 1816
General characteristics [1]
TypeBrig sloop
Tons burthen38575⁄94 (bm)
Length
  • 100 ft 1+1⁄2 in (30.5 m) (overall)
  • 77 ft 4 in (23.6 m) (keel)
Beam30 ft 7+1⁄2 in (9.3 m)
Depth of hold12 ft 9 in (3.9 m)
Complement121
Armament16 × 32-pounder carronades + 2 × 6-pounder chase guns

HMS Snake was a British Royal Navy ship launched in 1797 as the only member of her class of brig-sloops. She captured or destroyed two French privateers and one Danish privateer. She also captured numerous small merchantmen, but spent time escorting convoys to and from the West Indies. She was sold in 1816.

Design

[edit]

Snake was the sole vessel of her class. Her designer was Sir William Rule. He produced two designs, one for a ship-sloop (Snake), and one for a brig-sloop (Cruizer) that differed only in their rigging. His designs were in competition with those of John Henslow, who produced the ship-sloop Echo and the brig-sloop Busy. Rule's brig-sloop design won. The Admiralty ultimately ordered 106 Cruizer-class brig-sloops. In 1811, the Navy converted Snake to a brig-sloop, making her indistinguishable from the Cruizer-class brig-sloops.[citation needed]

Career

[edit]

Snake was commissioned in February 1798 under Commander John Mason Lewis for cruising and convoy duty.[2]

On the morning of 10 November 1799 Eurydice was some three leagues (14 km) south-east of Beachy Head, when she sighted a schooner and a brig. The schooner made off as soon as she saw the ship and the brig hove to and hoisted her ensign upside down. The brig Diana, which had been carrying a cargo of coal from Sunderland, informed Eurydice that Diana had repelled an attack by a French privateer, suffering one man badly wounded while doing so. Eurydice sent over a boat and her surgeon, Mr. Pardie, had to amputate the arm of the wounded man on Diana. Eurydice then set off in chase. At around 11a.m. Snake came up and joined the chase. Halfway through the afternoon Eurydice came nearly within gunshot of the privateer which bore up and tried to cross Snake. Snake thwarted the attempt and the privateer then lowered her sails, enabling Snake to send over a boarding party. The schooner was Hirondelle, of fourteen 3 and 4-pounder guns, with a crew of 50 men under the command of Pierre Merie Dugerdin. Hirondelle had left Calais the previous day and had not made any captures.[3][4] She was under the command of Jean Fresson.[5]

On 3 February 1800 Snake sailed from Spithead with Melpomene and Magnanime. They were escorts to the convoy of some 150 ships to African and the East Indies.[6] Snake parted from the convoy on 25 March in a terrible storm. She was not heard from for so long that it was believed that she had been lost. However, on 14 October she returned to Portsmouth from the coast of Africa. She brought at prize with her.[7]

This was almost certainly the brig Less Amis that Snake captured on 13 September 1800.[8]

Snake went into dock in November.[9] Captain Lewis received a promotion to post captain on 1 January 1801.[10][11] Commander Charles Tinling assumed command in January 1801.[2] Snake was one of the vessels that sailed from Spithead on 17 January 1801 for undeclared stations to transmit orders that the Royal Navy at that station was to detain all Swedish and Danish vessels.[12] She returned on 26 January.[13]

Commander William Roberts replaced Tinling, who had been promoted to post captain. On 23 February Roberts sailed Snake as escort to a convoy for West Africa. However, contrary winds forced her to return to St Helen's. She was assigned to the Africa station.[14]

In late 1801 Roberts sailed Snake to Jamaica.[1]

The French frigate Guerriere was initially trapped in harbour by the blockade of Saint-Domingue. She was with the 74-gun Duguay-Trouin on 24 July 1803, when a British ship sighted Duguay-Trouin off Cape Picolet. The 74-gun HMS Elephant gave chase, and the two ships exchanged several broadsides. Snake appeared on the north-west quarter, but Elephant, either because of the appearance of Guerrière to windward, or for another unexplained reason, failed to maintain her position alongside Duguay-Trouin. Consequently, both French ships were able to escape. However, Duquesne, a 74-gun armed en flûte, was captured.

On 10 November Snake chased a French privateer all day. In trying to evade him after dark the privateer grounded on Rocky Point near the east end of Jamaica. The quarry was Esperance. Snake captured her 60 crew members and took them into Port Royal.[15][a]

The London Morning Post reported on 12 November 1803 that Snake had detained 12 vessels, most of which were American. They were bound from Jérémie to Cape François and Snake sent them into Port Royal.[citation needed]

In the spring of 1804 Commander Roberts commanded a small force based at New Providence in the Bahamas.[17]

Lloyd's List reported on 20 August 1805 that a French privateer had captured the American brig Angel, Spih, master, as Angel was sailing from St Domingo to Philadelphia. Snake recaptured Angel, which came into Port Royal, Jamaica.[18]

Between March and August 1807 Snake underwent a Middling Repair at Chatham. In July Commander Thomas Young recommissioned her for the Leith Station. In August Snake was at the Nore and so was among the vessels that benefited from the proceeds of the Danish vessels detained there.[19] The vessels Printz Frederick, Freden, Elizabeth, Vrow Anna, Margdretha, Anna Elizabeth, and Cecilia were detained between the 26 and 29 August, and Cupido was detained on 1 September.[20]

On 15 October Snake was in company with Piercer and Leyden at the capture of the Danish brig Narhvalen and so later shared in the proceeds.[21]

Between April and May 1809 Snake was at Sheerness being converted from a sloop to a brig.[1]

On 24 June 1809 Snake and Fancy were in company and so later shared in the proceeds from the capture of the Danish galliot Catherina.[22]

On 21 July the brig Johanna Catherina, a prize to Snake, arrived at Leith.[23][24]

On 22 July 1809, Snake and Fancy approached the town of Hammerfest in Norway. Before reaching Hammerfest, the two vessels had successfully attacked the village of Hasvik.[25] The following battle between Hammerfest's two two-cannon batteries and the Royal Navy warships with a combined number of thirty-two cannon between them was unusually intense and did not end until the Norwegian cannons had run out of gunpowder after about 90 minutes of combat. Both warships had suffered a number of cannonball hits and had at least one fatal casualty; a sailor who was buried at the local cemetery. During the battle, the local populace evacuated the town, and Snake and Fancy remained in the town for eight days after the Norwegian defenders withdrew. The crews sacked the empty town before withdrawing.[citation needed]

Lloyd's List reported on 1 August that Fortuna had arrived at Aberdeen. Snake had captured her off North Cape.[26]

On 8 August, Snake captured a Danish galliot, name unknown. The sales proceeds were remitted from Gothenburg.[27]

Also on 8 August three Danish vessels arrived at Leith. They were prizes to Nightingale, Snake, and Naiad.[28] One may have been the Danish privateer schooner Roland, which Snake had captured the day before.[29][30]

On 30 August Frederick of Oldenburgh, from Archangel, came into Leith. The Danes had captured her, and Snake had recaptured her.[31] A later prize money announcement makes clearer that Snake had recaptured the galliot Oldenburg, Carl Frederick Janvaril-Veer, master.[32]

Lloyd's List reported on 15 September that Snake had captured a Danish privateer of 12 guns and 78 men and brought her into Leith.[33] This may have been Christiana that Snake captured off Bergen.[1] On 12 October Snake captured the Danish galliot Frue Mette.[34]

On 15 May 1810 Snake captured Tri Bergithie.[35]

On 25 October Snake and Briseis were in company at the recapture of Ulrica Wilhelmina.[36]

In November Commander William Hellard replaced Commander Young. Snake continued to serve on the Leith Station.[1]

On 18 April 1811 a Danish schooner with a cargo of grain arrived at Leith. She was a prize to Snake.[37] On 8 May Snake captured a Danish sloop of unknown name.[38]

Snake was at Lerwick on 5 November. She had saved men from a prize belonging to HMS Tartar. On the Sunday prior to 6 November, a Russian galiot that Tartar had captured was laying stranded at Montrose. The river had carried her and deposited her on the beach. A strong tide then lifted her, causing her to drift out to sea where she was dashed to pieces on the Ness (probably Scurdie Ness).[39]

Hellard received promotion to post captain on 12 August 1812,[40] and Commander George Robbin took command of Snake for the Jamaica station.[1] Snake was among the vessels benefiting from the seizure on 12 August of the American vessels Cuba, Caliban, Edward, Galen, Halcyon, and Cygnet, shortly after the commencement of the War of 1812.[41]

On 1 December Snake captured Twende Sostre, Winther, master, on 21 January 1813 Splied, Pederson, master.[42] Commander Robbin died while on the Jamaica station.[43]

From 16 February 1814 to October 1815 Commander Joseph Gape was in command of Snake.,[44] She made one more capture, that of the smuggling lugger Fox on 11 May 1815.[b]

Fate

[edit]

The "Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered for sale on 18 April 1816, lying at Sheerness, the "Snake brig, of 386 tons".[46] She sold there on that day for £820.[1]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Head money was paid in 1825. A first-class share of the prize money was worth £87 12s 1+1⁄2d; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman, was worth 13s 8+3⁄4d.[16]
  2. ^ A first-class share was worth £3 13s; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 6+1⁄4d.[45]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Winfield (2008), pp. 264–5.
  2. ^ a b Winfield (2008), pp. 264–265.
  3. ^ "No. 15203". The London Gazette. 12 November 1799. p. 1168.
  4. ^ Clarke, James Stanier; McArthur, John (2 September 2010). The Naval Chronicle: Volume 3, January-July 1800: Containing a General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom with a Variety of Original Papers on Nautical Subjects. ISBN 9781108018425.
  5. ^ Demerliac (1999), p. 221, n°1778.
  6. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 3, p.155.
  7. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 4, p.345.
  8. ^ "No. 15698". The London Gazette. 1 May 1804. p. 563.
  9. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 4, p.524.
  10. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 4, p.347.
  11. ^ Marshall (1824), Vol. 2, p.324.
  12. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 5, p.96.
  13. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 5, p.183.
  14. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 5, p.552.
  15. ^ "No. 15669". The London Gazette. 24 January 1804. p. 111.
  16. ^ "No. 18171". The London Gazette. 30 August 1825. p. 1588.
  17. ^ "No. 15706". The London Gazette. 29 May 1804. p. 676.
  18. ^ Lloyd's List No. 4245.
  19. ^ "No. 16508". The London Gazette. 27 July 1811. p. 1461.
  20. ^ "No. 16514". The London Gazette. 17 August 1811. p. 1623.
  21. ^ "No. 16371". The London Gazette. 19 May 1810. p. 733.
  22. ^ "No. 16377". The London Gazette. 9 June 1810. p. 848.
  23. ^ Lloyd's List No. 4374.
  24. ^ "No. 16345". The London Gazette. 24 February 1810. p. 290.
  25. ^ Olsen, Håkon H. (1965). Bygdebok for Hasvik. p. 118.
  26. ^ Lloyd's List No. 4375.
  27. ^ "No. 16217". The London Gazette. 10 January 1809. p. 51.
  28. ^ Lloyd's List No. 4378.
  29. ^ "No. 16341". The London Gazette. 10 January 1810. p. 223.
  30. ^ "No. 16511". The London Gazette. 6 August 1811. p. 1553.
  31. ^ Lloyd's List No. 4385.
  32. ^ "No. 16320". The London Gazette. 28 November 1809. p. 1913.
  33. ^ Lloyd's List No. 4388.
  34. ^ "No. 16374". The London Gazette. 29 May 1810. p. 782.
  35. ^ "No. 16530". The London Gazette. 12 October 1811. p. 1996.
  36. ^ "No. 16463". The London Gazette. 12 March 1811. p. 485.
  37. ^ Lloyd's List No. 4556.
  38. ^ "No. 16779". The London Gazette. 21 September 1813. p. 1903.
  39. ^ The Times, 8 November 1811, p.3.
  40. ^ Marshall (1829), p. 108.
  41. ^ "No. 17072". The London Gazette. 21 October 1815. p. 2129.
  42. ^ "No. 16752". The London Gazette. 13 July 1813. p. 1385.
  43. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 31, p.439.
  44. ^ Marshall (1833), Vol. 4, p.151.
  45. ^ "No. 17815". The London Gazette. 7 May 1822. pp. 759–760.
  46. ^ "No. 17126". The London Gazette. 9 April 1816. p. 666.

References

[edit]
  • Demerliac, Alain (1999). La Marine de la Révolution: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1792 A 1799 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 2-906381-24-1.
  • Marshall, John (1829). "Hellard, William" . Royal Naval Biography. Vol. sup, part 3. London: Longman and company. p. 108.
  • Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.
[edit]
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