Shtil': Difference between revisions

Function	Small-lift launch vehicle
Country of origin	Russia
Size
Height	14.8 m (49 ft)
Diameter	1.9 m (6.2 ft)
Mass	39,300 kg (86,600 lb)
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Altitude	200 km (120 mi)
Mass	280 kg (620 lb)
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	K-407 Novomoskovsk, K-84 Ekaterinburg
Total launches	2
Success(es)	2
Failure(s)	0
Partial failure(s)	0
First flight	7 July 1998
Last flight	26 May 2006
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Latest revision as of 11:53, 26 July 2024

Space launch vehicle Shtil' (Russian: Штиль - calm (weather)), is a converted SLBM used for launching artificial satellites into orbit. It is based on the R-29RM designed by State Rocket Center Makeyev and related to the Volna Launch Vehicle. The Shtil' is a 3-stage launch vehicle that uses liquid propellant. It is the first launch vehicle to successfully launch a payload into orbit from a submarine, although launch from land based structures is possible as well.

Versions

Shtil'

This is the baseline version of the launch vehicle. The payload is placed in a special capsule in the space head next to the third stage engine nozzle. The missiles used are withdrawn from active service with the Russian Navy and converted to civilian launch vehicles by removing the warheads and antennas. To inject the payload into the right orbit the flight software is adjusted and additional measuring equipment is installed. Launches can be performed from Delta IV submarines while submerged.

Proposed versions

Shtil'-2.1

A proposed version under development of the Shtil' launch vehicle features the payload in a special section on top of the space head. This increases the possible volume and weight of the payload inserted into orbit.

Shtil'-2R

A further developed version of the launch vehicle features a larger payload section on top of the space head. The additional space is used for larger and heavier payloads and an additional boost engine to propel the payload in higher orbits. The increase in length of the launch vehicle means that it can only be launched from a ground based launching complex.

Shtil'-3

The final proposed version of the Shtil' launch vehicle features a redesigned third stage with enlarged propellant tanks. The space head used on previous version is omitted and replaced by a newly designed section for instruments and the payload adapter. The payload section can, when necessary for the mission, include an additional booster engine.

Performance

Because of its mobile launch platform the Shtil' launch vehicle can reach a large number of different inclinations and both Sun-synchronous orbit and low Earth orbit. The possible payload is determined by the desired mission. On a typical mission to a 200 km circular orbit at an inclination of 79 degrees the Shtil' has a payload of 280 kg. Proposed version have a higher payload capacity of up to 430 kg for the Shtil-3.

Launch history

On 7 July 1998, the Shtil' launch vehicle placed two payloads in Low Earth Orbit. The German Tubsat-N and Tubsat-N1 were launched from the Delta-class submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk of the Russian Northern Fleet 3rd Flotilla. The launch was made from a firing range in the Barents Sea. The payloads weighing 8 kg and 3 kg respectively were placed in a 400 x 776 km orbit at an inclination of 78.9 degrees. This was the first time satellites were launched from a submarine.
On 26 May 2006, the Shtil' launch vehicle inserted the Kompas 2 satellite into Low Earth Orbit. The launch was performed from the Barents Sea by the Delta-class submarine K-84 Ekaterinburg. The Kompass 2 satellite has a weight of 77 kg and was put in a 500 km high orbit at an inclination of 79.8 degrees.

Cancelled launch

The South African satellite SumbandilaSat, an 80-kg microsatellite with a multispectral imager as primary payload, was scheduled for launch from the Sthil' launch vehicle in early 2007. SumbandilaSat was eventually launched into a 500 km low Earth orbit on 17 September 2009 on a Soyuz-2.1b rocket.

References

Krebs, Gunter Dirk. "Vysota / Volna / Shtil". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
Isakowitz, Steven J.; Hopkins, Joseph P.; Hopkins, Joshua B. (2004). "Shtil and Volna". International reference guide to space launch systems (4th ed.). Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. pp. 377–390. ISBN 978-1-56347-591-7 – via the Internet Archive.

External links

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{About|space launch vehicle|Russian SA-N-12 "Grizzly" Naval Air Defense Missile''|9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2|other uses|Shtil' (disambiguation)}}
+{{About|space launch vehicle|''Russian SA-N-12 "Grizzly" Naval Air Defense Missile''|9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2|other uses|Shtil' (disambiguation)}}
 {{No footnotes|date=April 2009}}
+{{Infobox Rocket
+|caption = Shtil'
+|height = {{convert|14.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}
+|mass = {{convert|39300|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
+|diameter = {{convert|1.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}
+|function = [[Small-lift launch vehicle]]
+|country-origin = [[Russia]]
+|capacities =
+  {{Infobox Rocket/Payload
+  |location = [[Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
+  |altitude = {{cvt|200|km}}
+  |kilos    = {{convert|280|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
+  }}
+|status = Retired
+|first = 7 July 1998
+|last = 26 May 2006
+|sites = [[Russian submarine Novomoskovsk (K-407)|K-407 ''Novomoskovsk'']], [[Russian submarine Ekaterinburg (K-84)|K-84 ''Ekaterinburg'']]
+|launches = 2
+|success = 2
+|fail = 0
+|partial = 0
+}}
 [[File:Shtil.svg|right|thumb|100px|The Shtil' carrier rocket]]
-[[launch vehicle|Space launch vehicle]] '''Shtil'''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''(Штиль - calm (weather))'', is a converted [[SLBM]] used for launching [[artificial satellites]] into orbit. It is based on the [[R-29 Vysota|R-29RM]] designed by [[Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau|State Rocket Center Makeyev]] and related to the [[Volna]] Launch Vehicle. The Shtil' is a 3-stage launch vehicle that uses liquid propellant. It is the first launch vehicle to successfully launch a payload into orbit from a submarine, although launch from land based structures is possible as well.
+[[launch vehicle|Space launch vehicle]] '''Shtil'''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''Штиль'' - ''calm'' (''weather'')), is a converted [[SLBM]] used for launching [[artificial satellites]] into orbit. It is based on the [[R-29 Vysota|R-29RM]] designed by [[Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau|State Rocket Center Makeyev]] and related to the [[Volna]] Launch Vehicle. The Shtil' is a 3-stage launch vehicle that uses liquid propellant. It is the first launch vehicle to successfully launch a payload into orbit from a submarine, although launch from land based structures is possible as well.
 ==Versions==
 ===Shtil' ===
-This is the baseline version of the launch vehicle. The payload is placed in a special capsule in the space head next to the third stage engine nozzle. The missiles used are withdrawn from active service with the [[Russian Navy]] and converted to civilian launch vehicles by removing the warheads and antennas. To inject the payload into the right orbit the flight software is adjusted and additional measuring equipment is installed. Launches can be performed from [[Delta class submarine|Delta IV]] submarines while submerged.
+This is the baseline version of the launch vehicle. The payload is placed in a special capsule in the space head next to the third stage engine nozzle. The missiles used are withdrawn from active service with the [[Russian Navy]] and converted to civilian launch vehicles by removing the warheads and antennas. To inject the payload into the right orbit the flight software is adjusted and additional measuring equipment is installed. Launches can be performed from [[Delta-class submarine|Delta IV]] submarines while submerged.
-===Proposed future versions===
+===Proposed versions===
 ====Shtil'-2.1====
 A proposed version under development of the Shtil' launch vehicle features the payload in a special section on top of the space head. This increases the possible volume and weight of the payload inserted into orbit.
 ====Shtil'-2R====
 A further developed version of the launch vehicle features a larger payload section on top of the space head. The additional space is used for larger and heavier payloads and an additional boost engine to propel the payload in higher orbits. The increase in length of the launch vehicle means that it can only be launched from a ground based launching complex.
 ====Shtil'-3====
-The final proposed version of the Shtil' launch vehicle features a redesigned third stage with enlarged propellant tanks. The space head used on previous version is omitted and replaced by a newly designed section for instruments and the payload adapter. The payload section can, when necessary for the mission, include an additional booster engine.
+The final proposed version of the Shtil' launch vehicle features a redesigned third stage with enlarged propellant tanks. The space head used on previous version is omitted and replaced by a newly designed section for instruments and the [[Adapter (rocketry)|payload adapter]]. The payload section can, when necessary for the mission, include an additional booster engine.
 ==Performance==
-Because of its mobile launch platform the Shtil' launch vehicle can reach a large number of different inclinations and both [[sun-synchronous orbit]] and [[low Earth orbit]]. The possible payload is determined by the desired mission. On a typical mission to a 200&nbsp;km circular orbit at an inclination of 79 degrees the Shtil' has a payload of 160&nbsp;kg. Proposed version have a higher payload capacity of up to 430&nbsp;kg for the Shtil-3.
+Because of its mobile launch platform the Shtil' launch vehicle can reach a large number of different inclinations and both [[Sun-synchronous orbit]] and [[low Earth orbit]]. The possible payload is determined by the desired mission. On a typical mission to a 200&nbsp;km circular orbit at an inclination of 79 degrees the Shtil' has a payload of 280&nbsp;kg. Proposed version have a higher payload capacity of up to 430&nbsp;kg for the Shtil-3.
+==Launch history==
+* On 7 July 1998, the Shtil' launch vehicle placed two payloads in Low Earth Orbit. The German [[Tubsat-N]] and Tubsat-N1 were launched from the [[Delta-class submarine]] [[Russian submarine Novomoskovsk (K-407)|K-407 ''Novomoskovsk'']] of the Russian Northern Fleet 3rd Flotilla. The launch was made from a firing range in the [[Barents Sea]]. The payloads weighing 8&nbsp;kg and 3&nbsp;kg respectively were placed in a 400 x 776&nbsp;km orbit at an inclination of 78.9 degrees. This was the first time satellites were launched from a submarine.
+* On 26 May 2006, the Shtil' launch vehicle inserted the [[Kompas 2]] satellite into Low Earth Orbit. The launch was performed from the Barents Sea by the Delta-class submarine [[Russian submarine Ekaterinburg (K-84)|K-84 ''Ekaterinburg'']]. The Kompass 2 satellite has a weight of 77&nbsp;kg and was put in a 500&nbsp;km high orbit at an inclination of 79.8 degrees.
-==Launch History==
-* On 7 July 1998, the Shtil' launch vehicle placed two payloads in Low Earth Orbit. The German [[Tubsat-N|TubSat-N]] and TubSat-N1 were launched from the [[Russian submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk|Delta IV submarine K-407 "Novomoskovsk"]] of the Russian Northern Fleet 3rd Flotilla. The launch was made from a firing range in the [[Barents Sea]]. The payloads weighing 8&nbsp;kg and 3&nbsp;kg respectively were placed in a 400 x 776&nbsp;km orbit at an inclination of 78.9 degrees. This was the first time satellites were launched from a submarine.
-* On 26 May 2006, the Shtil' launch vehicle inserted the Kompass 2 satellite into Low Earth Orbit. The launch was performed from the Barents Sea by the Delta IV [[Russian submarine Ekaterinburg (K-84)|Submarine K-84 "Ekaterinburg"]]. The Kompass 2 satellite has a weight of 77&nbsp;kg and was put in a 500&nbsp;km high orbit at an inclination of 79.8 degrees.
 ===Cancelled launch===
-* The [[South Africa]]n satellite [[SumbandilaSat]], an 80-kg microsatellite with a multispectral imager as primary payload, was scheduled for launch from the Sthil' launch vehicle in early 2007. [[SumbandilaSat]] was eventually launched into a 500-km low-earth orbit on 17 September 2009 on a [[Soyuz-2 (rocket)|Soyuz-2.1b]] rocket.
+* The [[South Africa]]n satellite [[SumbandilaSat]], an 80-kg microsatellite with a multispectral imager as primary payload, was scheduled for launch from the Sthil' launch vehicle in early 2007. [[SumbandilaSat]] was eventually launched into a 500&nbsp;km low Earth orbit on 17 September 2009 on a [[Soyuz-2 (rocket)|Soyuz-2.1b]] rocket.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 34: / Line 61: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+*{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter Dirk |title=Vysota / Volna / Shtil |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=Gunter's Space Page}}
+*{{Cite book |last=Isakowitz |first=Steven J. |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781563475917 |title=International reference guide to space launch systems |last2=Hopkins |first2=Joseph P. |last3=Hopkins |first3=Joshua B. |date=2004 |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |isbn=978-1-56347-591-7 |edition=4th |location=Reston, VA |pages=377-390 |chapter=Shtil and Volna |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781563475917/page/377 |url-access=registration |via=the Internet Archive}}
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.makeyev.ru/english/start.htm State Rocket Company Makayev]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050828041145/http://www.makeyev.ru/english/start.htm State Rocket Company Makayev]
-*[http://www.makeyev.ru/page.php?54 Makayev website page for Shtil]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070827153230/http://www.makeyev.ru/page.php?54 Makayev website page for Shtil]
-*[http://www.makeyev.ru/page.php?20 Makayev website page for R-29RM (SS-N-23), the basis for the Shtil']
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070826210922/http://www.makeyev.ru/page.php?20 Makayev website page for R-29RM (SS-N-23), the basis for the Shtil']
-<br />{{Russian launch vehicles}}<br />
+{{Russian launch vehicles}}
 {{Expendable launch systems}}
@@ Line 48: / Line 77: @@
 [[Category:Space launch vehicles of Russia]]
 [[Category:Sea launch to orbit]]
+[[Category:Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau]]

v t e Soviet and Russian launch vehicles
Active	Angara 1.2 A5 Soyuz-2 2.1a 2.1b 2-1v UR Proton-M
In development	Amur Irtysh Yenisei
Retired	Dnepr Energia Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M N1 R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original L M U U2 FG Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Start-1 Tsyklon original 2 3 UR UR-500 Proton-K Rokot Strela Zenit 2 2M 3SL 3SLB 3F
Cancelled (no launch attempts)	Tsyklon-4 Proton Light Medium

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Deca Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Glenn New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 RS1^† Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^†
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol ^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)