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{{Short description|American political scientist (born 1949)}}
{{use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
'''Ian Steven Lustick''' (born 1949) is an American [[Political science|political scientist]] and specialist on the modern history and politics of the [[Middle East]]. He currently holds the Bess W. Heyman Chair in the department of Political Sciences at the [[University of Pennsylvania]].{{sfn|PolSciPenn|2020}}
'''Ian Steven Lustick''' (born 1949) is an American [[Political science|political scientist]] and specialist on the modern history and politics of the [[Middle East]]. He currently holds the Bess W. Heyman Chair in the department of Political Sciences at the [[University of Pennsylvania]].{{sfn|PolSciPenn|2020}}


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Lustick was born in 1949 in [[Syracuse, New York]]. His father was a pediatrician and, eager to get out of the 'rat race' of metropolitan life, the family moved to the northern rural area of [[Jefferson County, New York|Jefferson County]]'s [[Watertown (city), New York|Watertown]], where his grandfather, unusually for a Jew, was a farmer. Lustick likened conditions there to those of a [[shtetl]], and he was occasionally the object of anti-Semitic harassment, though the family had a strong sense of patriotic attachment to the country, typical of Jewish immigrants of European background. On graduating from high school, he went on to [[Brandeis University]], arriving in 1967 just as a [[counterculture|countercultural]] wave of [[student activism]] was sweeping higher centres of learning.{{sfn|Lustick|Kreisler|2002}}
Lustick was born in 1949 in [[Syracuse, New York]]. His father was a pediatrician. His grandfather, Alex Lustick, was a farmer. Eager to get out of the "rat race" of Syracuse metropolitan life, the family relocated to [[Watertown (city), New York|Watertown]] in the northern rural area of [[Jefferson County, New York]]. Lustick likened conditions there to those of a [[shtetl]], and he was occasionally the object of [[anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic]] harassment, though the family had a strong sense of patriotic attachment to the country, typical of Jewish immigrants of European background.


He completed his Ph.D. at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1976 with a dissertation titled ''Arabs in the Jewish State: a study in the effective control of a minority population'' later adapted for a book of that title, published in 1980. He spent 1979-1980 as an [[Intelligence analysis|analyst]], specializing in the problems of [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israel's occupation]] of the [[Palestinian territories]], for the [[Bureau of Intelligence and Research]] of the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]], leaving in the summer of 1980 to return to academia.{{sfn|Lustick|2018|p=xi}}
After graduating from high school, he attended [[Brandeis University]], arriving in 1967 just as a [[counterculture|countercultural]] wave of [[student activism]] was sweeping through higher centres of learning.{{sfn|Lustick|Kreisler|2002}} He completed his Ph.D. at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1976. His dissertation was ''Arabs in the Jewish State: a study in the effective control of a minority population'', later adapted into a book which was published in 1980.


==Career==
== Professional career ==
Lustick spent 1979–1980 as an [[Intelligence analysis|intelligence analyst]], specializing in the problems of [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israel's occupation]] of the [[Palestinian territories]], for the [[Bureau of Intelligence and Research]] of the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]. Thereafter, in the summer of 1980, he returned to academia.{{sfn|Lustick|2018|p=xi}}
He was subsequently appointed professor of government at [[Dartmouth College]],{{sfn|Brinkley|1988|p=13}} where he taught for 15 years.{{sfn|Lustick|Wilcox|2019}} He then took up a [[Chair (academic)|Chair]] of the Political Science Department at the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where he held the Richard L. Simon Term Professor in the [[Social Sciences]]. At present Lustick is the Bess W. Heyman Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania.{{sfn|PolSciPenn|2020}}


He was appointed assistant professor of government at [[Dartmouth College]] in 1976, where he taught for 15 years.{{sfn|Lustick|Wilcox|2019}} He then joined the Political Science Department at the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where he held the Richard L. Simon Term Professor in the [[Social Sciences]]. He then became Chair of the Department and was named the Bess W. Heyman Professor.{{sfn|PolSciPenn|2020}} In 2021 he moved to Emeritus status, but continues to teach and conduct research at the University of Pennsylvania.
He is a founder and past president of the [[Association for Israel Studies]] and past president of the [[American Political Science Association|American Political Science Association-Politics and History Section]]. Lustick became more broadly known with the publication of his book ''Trapped in the War on Terror'' (2006){{sfn|Lustick|2006}} in which he argues that the [[War on Terrorism]] is an irrational policy for fighting America's enemies.{{efn|'Seldom . .had the American government or the American political system as a whole reacted to a problem more irrationally than it has in responding to the attacks of September 11, 2001, with the War on Terror. The result has been not only waste on a colossal scale and camouflage for a host of selfish and destructive projects by well-positioned zealots but the emergence of a War on Terror that is itself a more fearsome enemy than the terrorists it was putatively designed to fight.'{{sfn|Lustick|2006|pp=1-2}}}} He argues that this policy was initially conceived of by a [[neo-conservative]] [[cabal]]{{efn|Lustick drew an historical analogy with the ''junto''(a term early used of a group dominating the [[Whig Junto|Whig party]] in Great Britain) or cabal of politicians and activists who manoeuvered America into a [[Mexican–American War|war with Mexico]] and the [[Texas annexation|annexation of Texas]] in order to secure a further expansion of the country west and south of its established borders.{{sfn|Lustick|2006|p=49}}}} at the [[Project for a New American Century]] who were determined to shift the direction of U.S. foreign policy towards [[unilateralism]].{{sfn|Lustick|2006|pp=4-5,49ff.}} Given a number of political features unique to the US system, Lustick concluded, the War on Terror has ultimately turned into something beyond anyone's control.{{efn|'The mechanisms that power this whirlwind are nbot under the control of any group or collection of individuals.'{{sfn|Lustick|2006|p=71}}}}


He is a founder and past president of the [[Association for Israel Studies]] and past president of the [[American Political Science Association|American Political Science Association-Politics and History Section]]. Lustick became more broadly known with the publication of his book ''Trapped in the War on Terror'' (2006){{sfn|Lustick|2006}} in which he argues that the [[War on Terrorism]] is an irrational policy for fighting America's enemies.{{efn|"Seldom ... had the American government or the American political system as a whole reacted to a problem more irrationally than it has in responding to the attacks of September 11, 2001, with the War on Terror. The result has been not only waste on a colossal scale and camouflage for a host of selfish and destructive projects by well-positioned zealots but the emergence of a War on Terror that is itself a more fearsome enemy than the terrorists it was putatively designed to fight." {{harv|Lustick|2006|pp=1–2}}}} He argues that this policy was initially conceived of by a [[neo-conservative]] [[cabal]]{{efn|Lustick drew an historical analogy with the ''junto'' (a term early used of a group dominating the [[Whig Junto|Whig party]] in Great Britain) or cabal of politicians and activists who manoeuvered America into a [[Mexican–American War|war with Mexico]] and the [[Texas annexation|annexation of Texas]] in order to secure a further expansion of the country west and south of its established borders {{harv|Lustick|2006|p=49}}.}} at the [[Project for a New American Century]] who were determined to shift the direction of U.S. foreign policy towards [[unilateralism]].{{sfn|Lustick|2006|pp=4–5,49ff.}} Given a number of political features unique to the US system, Lustick concluded, the War on Terror has ultimately turned into something beyond anyone's control.{{efn|"The mechanisms that power this whirlwind are not under the control of any group or collection of individuals." {{harv|Lustick|2006|p=71}}}}
He has engaged in research involving applications of evolutionary and complexity theory to the development of computer simulations using agent-based models for research and policy analysis.{{sfn|Lustick|2000}} Between 2010 and the present day, Lustick has returned to some prominence by writing articles that variously called for Israel to negotiate with Hamas over the future of the area and said that the only way to resolve the war between Israelis and Palestinians was to implement a [[one-state solution]].

He has engaged in research involving applications of evolutionary and complexity theory to the development of computer simulations using agent-based models for research and policy analysis.{{sfn|Lustick|2000}} Between 2010 and the present day, Lustick has returned to some prominence by writing articles that variously called for Israel to negotiate with Hamas over the future of the area and said that the only way to resolve the war between Israelis and Palestinians was to gradually democratize the "one-state reality"{{sfn|Lustick PL|2019}} which Israel's de facto annexation of the territories it occupied in 1967 has produced.


He is a member of the [[American Political Science Association]], the [[Association for Israel Studies]], the [[Middle East Studies Association]], and the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].
He is a member of the [[American Political Science Association]], the [[Association for Israel Studies]], the [[Middle East Studies Association]], and the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].


==Reception of his work==
==Reception of his work==
In a 1989 review of his early work the [[Anti-Zionism|anti-Zionist]] rabbi [[Elmer Berger (rabbi)|Elmer Berger]] called Lustick a 'first-class Zionist academic', and praised his 'meticulous scholarship'.{{sfn|Berger|1989|pp=109,114}}
In a 1989 review of his early work the [[Anti-Zionism|anti-Zionist]] rabbi [[Elmer Berger (rabbi)|Elmer Berger]] called Lustick a "first-class Zionist academic", and praised his "meticulous scholarship".{{sfn|Berger|1989|pp=109,114}}


In 1988 Lustick published his ''For the Land and the Lord'' a study of [[religious fundamentalism]] in Israel.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Campbell |first1=John C. |title=For The Land And The Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism In Israel |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/1988-09-01/land-and-lord-jewish-fundamentalism-israel |website=www.foreignaffairs.com |date=28 January 2009 |publisher=Foreign Affairs |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> It appeared under the imprint of a series of monographs the [[Council of Foreign Relations]] considered a 'responsible treatment(s) of a significant international topic worthy of presentation to the public.'{{sfn|Lustick|1988|p=vi}} In this work, according to [[Joel Brinkley]], he suggested that, were it not for [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israel's on-going conflict]] with [[Arab–Israeli conflict|its regional neighbours]], Israel itself might find itself embroiled in a civil war between the opposing poles of [[Secularism in Israel|secular forces]] and [[Religious Zionism|fundamentalist religious Zionists]].{{efn|'Indeed, it is Ian S. Lustick's theory that if it weren't for the preoccupying regional conflict between Arabs and Jews, Israel would find itself caught in another war, this one civil.'{{sfn|Brinkley|1988|p=13}}{{sfn|Lustick|1988|pp=182-183}}}} {{efn|'In the writings of one such theorist the most "vitriolic language" is not aimed at Gentiles,"but for Israeli opponents of ''Gush Emunum'', especially those who object to the fundamentalist movement on liberal democratic grounds' (p.123). Democracy as a political system has been the target of numerous attacks from the pens of fundamentalists, and the very idea of majority rule deemed foreign and subversive of Torah Judaism. Only at peril can one ignore the possibility of violence being used against Jewish opponents of the fundamentalists should they achieve a position making this feasible.'{{sfn|Sobel|1989|p=229}}}}
In 1988 Lustick published his ''For the Land and the Lord'' a study of [[religious fundamentalism]] in Israel.{{sfn|Campbell|2009}} It appeared under the imprint of a series of monographs the [[Council of Foreign Relations]] considered a "responsible treatment(s) of a significant international topic worthy of presentation to the public."{{sfn|Lustick|1988|p=vi}} In this work, according to [[Joel Brinkley]], he suggested that, were it not for [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israel's on-going conflict]] with [[Arab–Israeli conflict|its regional neighbours]], Israel itself might find itself embroiled in a civil war between the opposing poles of [[Secularism in Israel|secular forces]] and [[Religious Zionism|fundamentalist religious Zionists]].{{efn|"Indeed, it is Ian S. Lustick's theory that if it weren't for the preoccupying regional conflict between Arabs and Jews, Israel would find itself caught in another war, this one civil." ({{harvnb|Brinkley|1988|p=13}}; {{harvnb|Lustick|1988|pp=182–183}})}}{{efn|"In the writings of one such theorist the most 'vitriolic language' is not aimed at Gentiles, 'but for Israeli opponents of ''Gush Emunum'', especially those who object to the fundamentalist movement on liberal democratic grounds' (p.123). Democracy as a political system has been the target of numerous attacks from the pens of fundamentalists, and the very idea of majority rule deemed foreign and subversive of Torah Judaism. Only at peril can one ignore the possibility of violence being used against Jewish opponents of the fundamentalists should they achieve a position making this feasible." {{harv|Sobel|1989|p=229}}}}
*Elmer Berger wrote that he knew of 'no better documented source in English for anyone interested in greater understanding of both the parties and the leading representatives of this phenomenon' (of Israeli religious fundamentalism).{{efn|'no better documented source in English for anyone interested in greater understanding of both the parties and the leading representatives of this phenomenon' and its increasing influence in a society often heralded as sharing the values of American democracy and as a bastion of liberal thought in a sea of revolutionary and unreliable Arab regimes'.{{sfn|Berger|1989|p=114}}}} At the same time, he argued that Lustick shared shortcomings discernible in the works of Israel's [[Historical revisionism|revisionist]] [[New Historians]] in that the [[Greater Israel|territorial expansionism]] and [[Ethnocracy|racial discrimination]] documented as recent Zionist trends by the 1980s wave of young Zionist scholars - Lustick charts these traits as bursting into the secular mainstream of Israeli society with the emergence of messianic movements like [[Gush Emunim]] in the 1970s -underplayed, minimized or whitewashed tendencies that were intrinsic to Zionism from its pristine beginnings.{{sfn|Berger|1989|pp=115-116}}


Elmer Berger wrote that he knew of "no better documented source in English for anyone interested in greater understanding of both the parties and the leading representatives of this phenomenon" (of Israeli religious fundamentalism).{{efn|"no better documented source in English for anyone interested in greater understanding of both the parties and the leading representatives of this phenomenon" and its increasing influence in a society often heralded as sharing the values of American democracy and as a bastion of liberal thought in a sea of revolutionary and unreliable Arab regimes {{harv|Berger|1989|p=114}}.}} At the same time, he argued that Lustick shared shortcomings discernible in the works of Israel's [[Historical revisionism|revisionist]] [[New Historians]] in that the [[Greater Israel|territorial expansionism]] and [[Ethnocracy|racial discrimination]] documented as recent Zionist trends by the 1980s wave of young Zionist scholars – Lustick charts these traits as bursting into the secular mainstream of Israeli society with the emergence of messianic movements like [[Gush Emunim]] in the 1970s – underplayed, minimized or whitewashed tendencies that were intrinsic to Zionism from its pristine beginnings.{{sfn|Berger|1989|pp=115–116}}
In 2019 he came out with a new book ''[[Paradigm Lost]]: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality '' analyzes the origins and implications of the disappearance of the two-state solution.

*[[George Washington University]]'s [[Nathan J. Brown (political scientist)|Nathan Brown]] stated in his review that he found the book "accessible, forceful, and concise. Its tone will rub some readers the wrong way but strike others as admirably frank." {{sfn|Brown|2020|pp=137-138}}
In 2019 he came out with a new book, ''[[Paradigm Lost]]: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality'', which analyzes the origins and implications of the disappearance of the two-state solution.

[[George Washington University]]'s [[Nathan J. Brown (political scientist)|Nathan Brown]] stated in his review that he found the book "accessible, forceful, and concise. Its tone will rub some readers the wrong way but strike others as admirably frank."{{sfn|Brown|2020|pp=137–138}}


==Selected publications==
==Selected publications==
*{{Cite book|title =Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel's control of a national minority|last =Lustick| first=Ian S.|author-link =Ian S. Lustick|edition =2|publisher =University of Texas Press| year=1980|isbn=978-0-292-70348-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYptAAAAMAAJ}}
*{{Cite book| title = Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel's control of a national minority | edition = 2nd
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S. | year = 1980
| publisher = University of Texas Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XYptAAAAMAAJ
| isbn = 978-0-292-70348-3
*''State-building failure in British Ireland & French Algeria''. Berkeley, Calif. : Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, c1985. (x, 109 p.)
}}
*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20041223215953/http://www.geocities.com/alabasters_archive/dangerous_fundamentalists.html Israel's Dangerous Fundamentalists]'', by Ian S. Lustick, in ''Foreign Policy'', Number 68, Fall 1987, pp.&nbsp;118–139
* ''State-building failure in British Ireland & French Algeria''. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, c1985. (x, 109 p.)
*''[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/penncip/lustick/index.html For the land and the Lord : Jewish fundamentalism in Israel]''. New York, N.Y. : Council on Foreign Relations, 1988.
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20041223215953/http://www.geocities.com/alabasters_archive/dangerous_fundamentalists.html Israel's Dangerous Fundamentalists]'', by Ian S. Lustick, in ''Foreign Policy'', Number 68, Fall 1987, pp.&nbsp;118–139
*''Critical essays on Israeli society, politics, and culture'', editors Ian S. Lustick and Barry Rubin. Albany : State University of New York Press, c1991. (xi, 204 p.)
* ''[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/penncip/lustick/index.html For the land and the Lord: Jewish fundamentalism in Israel]''. New York, N.Y.: Council on Foreign Relations, 1988.
*''Unsettled states, disputed lands : Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza''. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 1993
*''Arab-Israeli relations : historical background and origins of the conflict'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York : Garland, 1994. (xiii, 409 p.)
* ''Critical essays on Israeli society, politics, and culture'', editors Ian S. Lustick and Barry Rubin. Albany: State University of New York Press, c1991. (xi, 204 p.)
* ''Unsettled states, disputed lands: Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza''. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1993
*''Palestinians under Israeli rule'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York : Garland, 1994 (xiv, 333 p).
*''Economic, legal, and demographic dimensions of Arab-Israeli relations'', edited, with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York : Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 349 p.)
* ''Arab-Israeli relations: historical background and origins of the conflict'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland, 1994. (xiii, 409 p.)
*''Arab-Israeli relations in world politics'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York : Garland Pub., 1994. (xiii, 345 p.)
* ''Palestinians under Israeli rule'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland, 1994 (xiv, 333 p).
*''The Conflict with the Arabs in Israeli politics and society'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York : Garland, 1994. (xi, 369 p.)
* ''Economic, legal, and demographic dimensions of Arab-Israeli relations'', edited, with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 349 p.)
*''The conflict with Israel in Arab politics and society'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York : Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 393 p.)
* ''Arab-Israeli relations in world politics'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xiii, 345 p.)
*''From war to war : Israel vs. the Arabs, 1948-1967'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York : Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 321 p.)
* ''The Conflict with the Arabs in Israeli politics and society'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland, 1994. (xi, 369 p.)
*''From wars toward peace in the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1969-1993'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York : Garland Pub., 1994. (xiii, 355 p.)
* ''The conflict with Israel in Arab politics and society'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 393 p.)
* ''From war to war: Israel vs. the Arabs, 1948–1967'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 321 p.)
*"The absence of Middle Eastern great powers : political "backwardness" in historical perspective", ''[[International Organization]]'', 1997 (51):4, pp.&nbsp;653–683.
* ''From wars toward peace in the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1969–1993'', edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xiii, 355 p.)
*"[[Arend Lijphart|Lijphart]], [[Imre Lakatos|Lakatos]], and consociationalism", ''[[World Politics]]'', 1997 (50):1, pp.&nbsp;88–117 [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v050/50.1lustick.html]
* "The absence of Middle Eastern great powers: political 'backwardness' in historical perspective", ''[[International Organization]]'', 1997 (51):4, pp.&nbsp;653–683.
*''Right-sizing the state : the politics of moving borders'', edited by Brendan O'Leary, Ian S. Lustick and Thomas Callaghy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
* "[[Arend Lijphart|Lijphart]], [[Imre Lakatos|Lakatos]], and consociationalism", ''[[World Politics]]'', 1997 (50):1, pp.&nbsp;88–117 [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v050/50.1lustick.html]
*''Exile and return : predicaments of Palestinians and Jews'', edited by Ann M. Lesch and Ian S. Lustick. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, c2005.
* ''Right-sizing the state: the politics of moving borders'', edited by Brendan O'Leary, Ian S. Lustick and Thomas Callaghy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
*''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1hzbumK5dNAC&pg=PA1 Trapped in the War on Terror]''. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. (xii, 186p.)
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=dIq5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 ''Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality.''] [[University of Pennsylvania Press]], 2019.
* ''Exile and return: predicaments of Palestinians and Jews'', edited by Ann M. Lesch and Ian S. Lustick. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, c2005.
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1hzbumK5dNAC&pg=PA1 Trapped in the War on Terror]''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. (xii, 186p.)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=dIq5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 ''Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality.''] [[University of Pennsylvania Press]], 2019.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Historical institutionalism]]
* [[Historical institutionalism]]
www.paradigmlostbook.com


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 58: Line 68:
==Sources==
==Sources==
{{refbegin|30em}}
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Review: The Fundamentals of Israeli "Fundamentalism"
*{{Cite journal | title = Review: The Fundamentals of Israeli "Fundamentalism"
| last= Berger |first= Elmer
| last = Berger | first = Elmer
| author-link =Elmer Berger (rabbi)
| author-link = Elmer Berger (rabbi)
| journal =[[Arab Studies Quarterly]]
| journal = [[Arab Studies Quarterly]]
| date = Fall 1989 | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 109–117
| volume= 11
| jstor = 41858925
| issue = 4 | date = Fall 1989
| pages = 109–117
| jstor=41858925
}}
*{{Cite news | title = Israel's Other War
| last= Brinkley |first= Joel
| author-link =Joel Brinkley
| work =[[New York Times]]
| date =23 October 1988
| pages = 13 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/23/books/israel-s-other-war.html
}}
}}
*{{Cite news| title = Israel's Other War
*{{Cite journal| title = Review of 'Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality by Ian S. Lustick
| last = Brown | first =Nathan
| last = Brinkley | first = Joel
| author-link = Joel Brinkley
| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
| page = 13
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/23/books/israel-s-other-war.html
| date = October 23, 1988
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Review of 'Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality by Ian S. Lustick
| last = Brown | first = Nathan
| author-link = Nathan J. Brown (political scientist)
| author-link = Nathan J. Brown (political scientist)
| journal = [[The Middle East Journal]]
| journal = [[The Middle East Journal]] | via = [[Project MUSE]]
| date = Spring 2020 | volume = 74 | issue = 1 | pages = 137–138
| volume= 74
| issue =1
| date =Spring 2020
| pages =137–138
| url = https://muse.jhu.edu/article/755158/pdf
| url = https://muse.jhu.edu/article/755158/pdf
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = When scholarship Disturbs Narrative: Ian Lustick on Israel's Migration Balance
| last= Della Pergola|first= Sergio
| author-link =Sergio Della Pergola
| journal =[[Israel Studies Review]]
| volume= 28
| issue = 2
| date = Winter 2011
| pages = 1–20
| jstor= 41804759
}}
}}
*{{Cite book| title = For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel
*{{cite magazine| title = For The Land And The Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism In Israel
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| last = Campbell | first = John C.
| magazine = [[Foreign Affairs]]
| author-link =Ian S. Lustick
| url = https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/1988-09-01/land-and-lord-jewish-fundamentalism-israel
| year =1988
| date = January 28, 2009 | access-date = August 14, 2021
| publisher = [[Council on Foreign Relations]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dD-1Nm6NTHQC&pg=PA226
| isbn = 978-0-876-09036-7
}}
}}
*{{Cite web| title = Conversations with History: Harry Kreisler interviews Ian Lustick
*{{Cite journal | title = When scholarship Disturbs Narrative: Ian Lustick on Israel's Migration Balance
| last1 = Lustick | first1 = Ian S.
| last = Della Pergola | first = Sergio
| author-link1 =Ian S. Lustick
| author-link = Sergio Della Pergola
| journal = [[Israel Studies Review]]
| last2 = Kreisler | first2 = Harry
| date = Winter 2011 | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 1–20
| author-link2 =Harry Kreisler
| jstor = 41804759
| date =4 March 2002
| publisher = [[University of California, Berkeley]]
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6G_Cj3n2
}}
}}
*{{Cite book| title = Unsettled States, Disputed Lands: Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza
*{{Cite book| title = For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S. | year = 1988
| publisher = [[Council on Foreign Relations]]
| author-link =Ian S. Lustick
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dD-1Nm6NTHQC&pg=PA226
| year =2018
| isbn = 978-0-876-09036-7
| orig-year =1983
| publisher = [[Cornell University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HaNhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR11
| isbn = 978-1-501-73194-5
}}
}}
*{{Cite journal| title = Agent-based modelling of collective identity: testing constructivist theory
*{{Cite journal | title = Agent-based modelling of collective identity: testing constructivist theory
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| journal = [[Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation]]
| author-link =Ian S. Lustick
| date = January 31, 2000 | volume = 3 | issue = 3
| journal = [[Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation|JASSS]]
| url = https://www.jasss.org/3/1/1.html
| volume= 3
| issue =3
| date = 31 January 2000
| url = http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/3/1/1
}}
}}
*{{Cite book| title = Trappped in the War on Terror
*{{Cite book| title = Trappped in the War on Terror
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S. | year = 2006
| author-link =Ian S. Lustick
| year =2006
| publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania Press]]
| publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1hzbumK5dNAC&pg=PA1
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1hzbumK5dNAC&pg=PA1
| isbn = 978-0-812-23983-6
| isbn = 978-0-812-23983-6
}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = The Failure of Oslo and the Abiding Question of the Refugees
| last1 = Lustick | first1 = Ian S.
| author1-link =Ian S. Lustick
| last2 = Lesch | first2 = Ann M
| year = 2008
| title = Exile and Return: Predicaments of Palestinians and Jews
| editor1-last = Lustick | editor1-first = Ian S. | editor2-last = Lesch | editor2-first = Ann M.
| publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania Press ]]
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=x0cGsv-R_goC&pg=PA3
| pages = 3–17
| isbn = 978-0-812-22052-0
}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Israel's Migration Balance: Demography, Politics, and Ideology
*{{Cite journal | title = Israel's Migration Balance: Demography, Politics, and Ideology
| last= Lustick|first= Ian S.
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| journal = [[Israel Studies Review]]
| author-link =Ian S. Lustick
| date = Summer 2011 | volume = 26 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–65
| journal =[[Israel Studies Review]]
| url = https://www.berghahnjournals.com/downloadpdf/journals/israel-studies-review/26/1/isr260108.xml
| volume= 26
| doi = 10.3167/isr.2011.260108
| issue = 1
| date = Summer 2011
| pages = 33–65
| url= https://WWW.BERGHAHNJOURNALS.COM/DOWNLOADPDF/JOURNALS/ISRAEL-STUDIES-REVIEW/26/1/ISR260108.XML
}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = What Counts is the Counting: Statistical Manipulation as a Solution to Israel's "Demographic Problem
*{{Cite journal | title = What Counts is the Counting: Statistical Manipulation as a Solution to Israel's "Demographic Problem"
| last= Lustick|first= Ian S.
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| journal = [[Middle East Journal]] | via = [[ResearchGate]]
| author-link =Ian S. Lustick
| date = Spring 2013 | volume = 67 | issue = 2 | pages = 185–205
| journal =[[Middle East Journal]]
| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236869467
| volume= 67
| doi = 10.3751/67.2.12 | s2cid = 143466620
| issue = 2
| date = Spring 2013
| pages = 185–205
| url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236869467
}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = The Red Thread of Israel's "Demographic Problem"
*{{Cite book| title = Unsettled States, Disputed Lands: Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza
| last= Lustick|first= Ian S.
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S. | year = 2018
| orig-year = First published 1983
| author-link =Ian S. Lustick
| journal =[[Middle East Policy]]
| publisher = [[Cornell University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HaNhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR11
| volume= 26
| issue = 1
| isbn = 978-1-501-73194-5
| date = Spring 2019
| pages = 141–149
| doi= 10.1111/mepo.12406
| s2cid= 106403058| ref ={{harvid|Lustick Red Thread|2019}}
}}
}}
*{{Cite book| title = Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality
*{{Cite book| title = Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S. | year = 2019
| author-link =Ian S. Lustick
| year =2019
| publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania Press]]
| publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dIq5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dIq5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1
| isbn = 978-0-812-25195-1
| isbn = 978-0-812-25195-1
| ref = {{harvid|Lustick PL|2019}}
| ref = {{harvid|Lustick PL|2019}}
}}
*{{Cite web| title = A conversation with Professor Ian Lustick on the Two State paradigm
| last1 = Lustick | first1 = Ian S.
| author-link1 =Ian S. Lustick
| last2 = Wilcox | first2 = Philip C.
| date =17 December 2019
| publisher = [[Foundation for Middle East Peace]]
| url = https://fmep.org/event/a-conversation-with-professor-ian-lustick-2-state-paradigm-lost/
}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Book Review/ Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality
*{{Cite journal | title = The Red Thread of Israel's "Demographic Problem"
| last=Medad |first=Yisrael
| last = Lustick | first = Ian S.
| journal =[[Fathom (journal)|Fathom]]
| journal = [[Middle East Policy]]
| date = Spring 2019 | volume = 26 | issue = 1 | pages = 141–149
| date = May 2020
| doi = 10.1111/mepo.12406 | s2cid = 106403058
| url=https://fathomjournal.org/book-review-paradigm-lost-from-two-state-solution-to-one-state-reality/ |access-date=29 May 2020
| ref = {{harvid|Lustick Red Thread|2019}}
}}
}}
*{{Cite web | title =Standing Faculty: Ian Lustick
*{{Cite web| title = Conversations with History: Harry Kreisler interviews Ian Lustick
| last1 = Lustick | first1 = Ian S.
| publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania|Department of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania]]
| last2 = Kreisler | first2 = Harry
| date = May 2020
| author2-link = Harry Kreisler
| url=https://www.polisci.upenn.edu/people/standing-faculty/
| publisher = [[University of California, Berkeley]]
| access-date=29 May 2020
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6G_Cj3n2 | via = [[YouTube]]
| ref ={{harvid|PolSciPenn|2020}}
| date = March 4, 2002
}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = The Failure of Oslo and the Abiding Question of the Refugees
| last1 = Lustick | first1 = Ian S.
| last2 = Lesch | first2 = Ann M
| year = 2008
| title = Exile and Return: Predicaments of Palestinians and Jews
| editor1-last = Lustick | editor1-first = Ian S.
| editor2-last = Lesch | editor2-first = Ann M.
| publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania Press]]
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=x0cGsv-R_goC&pg=PA3
| pages = 3–17
| isbn = 978-0-812-22052-0
}}
*{{Cite web| title = A conversation with Professor Ian Lustick on the Two State paradigm
| last1 = Lustick | first1 = Ian S.
| last2 = Wilcox | first2 = Philip C.
| publisher = Foundation for Middle East Peace
| url = https://fmep.org/event/a-conversation-with-professor-ian-lustick-2-state-paradigm-lost/
| date = December 17, 2019
}}
*{{Cite magazine| title = Book Review/ Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality
| last = Medad | first = Yisrael
| magazine = Fathom
| publisher = [[Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre|BICOM]]
| url = https://fathomjournal.org/book-review-paradigm-lost-from-two-state-solution-to-one-state-reality/
| date = May 2020 | access-date = May 29, 2020
}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Review of ^For the Land and the Lord?'
*{{Cite journal | title = Review of ^For the Land and the Lord?'
| last= Shafir |first= Gershon
| last = Shafir | first = Gershon
| journal =[[Association for Israel Studies|Newsletter (Association for Israel Studies)]]
| journal = [[Association for Israel Studies|Newsletter (Association for Israel Studies)]]
| volume= 4
| date = Spring 1989 | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 25–27
| issue = 2
| jstor = 41805780
| date = Spring 1989
| pages = 25–27
| jstor= 41805780
}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = A Review Essay
*{{Cite journal | title = A Review Essay
| last= Sobel |first= Zvi
| last = Sobel | first = Zvi
| journal =[[Modern Judaism]]
| journal = [[Modern Judaism]]
| volume= 9
| date = May 1989 | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–234
| doi = 10.1093/mj/9.2.227 | jstor = 1396316
| issue = 2
}}
| date = May 1989
*{{Cite web| title = Standing Faculty: Ian Lustick
| pages = 227–234
| publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania|Department of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania]]
| doi= 10.1093/mj/9.2.227 | jstor=1396316
| url = https://www.polisci.upenn.edu/people/standing-faculty/
| date = May 2020 | access-date = May 29, 2020
| ref = {{harvid|PolSciPenn|2020}}
}}
}}

{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/polisci/people/standing-faculty/ian-lustick Ian S. Lustick], website at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]
* [http://www.sas.upenn.edu/polisci/people/standing-faculty/ian-lustick Ian S. Lustick], website at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]
[*http://paradigmlostbook.com Ian Lustick]
* [http://paradigmlostbook.com Ian Lustick]
*{{YouTube|8fBuV9JoNdA|Video, Conversations with History}}: [[Harry Kreisler]] interviews Ian Lustick 2006 on the War on Terror
* {{YouTube|8fBuV9JoNdA|Video, Conversations with History}}: [[Harry Kreisler]] interviews Ian Lustick 2006 on the War on Terror
*{{YouTube|s6G_Cj3n2is|Video, Conversations with History}}: [[Harry Kreisler]] interviews Ian Lustick 2002 on Coming to Terms with Israel
* {{YouTube|s6G_Cj3n2is|Video, Conversations with History}}: [[Harry Kreisler]] interviews Ian Lustick 2002 on Coming to Terms with Israel


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[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American political scientists]]
[[Category:American political scientists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania faculty]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania faculty]]

Latest revision as of 12:54, 26 July 2024

Ian Steven Lustick (born 1949) is an American political scientist and specialist on the modern history and politics of the Middle East. He currently holds the Bess W. Heyman Chair in the department of Political Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania.[1]

Early life and education

[edit]

Lustick was born in 1949 in Syracuse, New York. His father was a pediatrician. His grandfather, Alex Lustick, was a farmer. Eager to get out of the "rat race" of Syracuse metropolitan life, the family relocated to Watertown in the northern rural area of Jefferson County, New York. Lustick likened conditions there to those of a shtetl, and he was occasionally the object of anti-Semitic harassment, though the family had a strong sense of patriotic attachment to the country, typical of Jewish immigrants of European background.

After graduating from high school, he attended Brandeis University, arriving in 1967 just as a countercultural wave of student activism was sweeping through higher centres of learning.[2] He completed his Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley in 1976. His dissertation was Arabs in the Jewish State: a study in the effective control of a minority population, later adapted into a book which was published in 1980.

Career

[edit]

Lustick spent 1979–1980 as an intelligence analyst, specializing in the problems of Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories, for the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State. Thereafter, in the summer of 1980, he returned to academia.[3]

He was appointed assistant professor of government at Dartmouth College in 1976, where he taught for 15 years.[4] He then joined the Political Science Department at the University of Pennsylvania, where he held the Richard L. Simon Term Professor in the Social Sciences. He then became Chair of the Department and was named the Bess W. Heyman Professor.[1] In 2021 he moved to Emeritus status, but continues to teach and conduct research at the University of Pennsylvania.

He is a founder and past president of the Association for Israel Studies and past president of the American Political Science Association-Politics and History Section. Lustick became more broadly known with the publication of his book Trapped in the War on Terror (2006)[5] in which he argues that the War on Terrorism is an irrational policy for fighting America's enemies.[a] He argues that this policy was initially conceived of by a neo-conservative cabal[b] at the Project for a New American Century who were determined to shift the direction of U.S. foreign policy towards unilateralism.[6] Given a number of political features unique to the US system, Lustick concluded, the War on Terror has ultimately turned into something beyond anyone's control.[c]

He has engaged in research involving applications of evolutionary and complexity theory to the development of computer simulations using agent-based models for research and policy analysis.[7] Between 2010 and the present day, Lustick has returned to some prominence by writing articles that variously called for Israel to negotiate with Hamas over the future of the area and said that the only way to resolve the war between Israelis and Palestinians was to gradually democratize the "one-state reality"[8] which Israel's de facto annexation of the territories it occupied in 1967 has produced.

He is a member of the American Political Science Association, the Association for Israel Studies, the Middle East Studies Association, and the Council on Foreign Relations.

Reception of his work

[edit]

In a 1989 review of his early work the anti-Zionist rabbi Elmer Berger called Lustick a "first-class Zionist academic", and praised his "meticulous scholarship".[9]

In 1988 Lustick published his For the Land and the Lord a study of religious fundamentalism in Israel.[10] It appeared under the imprint of a series of monographs the Council of Foreign Relations considered a "responsible treatment(s) of a significant international topic worthy of presentation to the public."[11] In this work, according to Joel Brinkley, he suggested that, were it not for Israel's on-going conflict with its regional neighbours, Israel itself might find itself embroiled in a civil war between the opposing poles of secular forces and fundamentalist religious Zionists.[d][e]

Elmer Berger wrote that he knew of "no better documented source in English for anyone interested in greater understanding of both the parties and the leading representatives of this phenomenon" (of Israeli religious fundamentalism).[f] At the same time, he argued that Lustick shared shortcomings discernible in the works of Israel's revisionist New Historians in that the territorial expansionism and racial discrimination documented as recent Zionist trends by the 1980s wave of young Zionist scholars – Lustick charts these traits as bursting into the secular mainstream of Israeli society with the emergence of messianic movements like Gush Emunim in the 1970s – underplayed, minimized or whitewashed tendencies that were intrinsic to Zionism from its pristine beginnings.[12]

In 2019 he came out with a new book, Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality, which analyzes the origins and implications of the disappearance of the two-state solution.

George Washington University's Nathan Brown stated in his review that he found the book "accessible, forceful, and concise. Its tone will rub some readers the wrong way but strike others as admirably frank."[13]

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Lustick, Ian S. (1980). Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel's control of a national minority (2nd ed.). University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-70348-3.
  • State-building failure in British Ireland & French Algeria. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, c1985. (x, 109 p.)
  • Israel's Dangerous Fundamentalists, by Ian S. Lustick, in Foreign Policy, Number 68, Fall 1987, pp. 118–139
  • For the land and the Lord: Jewish fundamentalism in Israel. New York, N.Y.: Council on Foreign Relations, 1988.
  • Critical essays on Israeli society, politics, and culture, editors Ian S. Lustick and Barry Rubin. Albany: State University of New York Press, c1991. (xi, 204 p.)
  • Unsettled states, disputed lands: Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1993
  • Arab-Israeli relations: historical background and origins of the conflict, edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland, 1994. (xiii, 409 p.)
  • Palestinians under Israeli rule, edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland, 1994 (xiv, 333 p).
  • Economic, legal, and demographic dimensions of Arab-Israeli relations, edited, with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 349 p.)
  • Arab-Israeli relations in world politics, edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xiii, 345 p.)
  • The Conflict with the Arabs in Israeli politics and society, edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland, 1994. (xi, 369 p.)
  • The conflict with Israel in Arab politics and society, edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 393 p.)
  • From war to war: Israel vs. the Arabs, 1948–1967, edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xii, 321 p.)
  • From wars toward peace in the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1969–1993, edited with introductions by Ian S. Lustick. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. (xiii, 355 p.)
  • "The absence of Middle Eastern great powers: political 'backwardness' in historical perspective", International Organization, 1997 (51):4, pp. 653–683.
  • "Lijphart, Lakatos, and consociationalism", World Politics, 1997 (50):1, pp. 88–117 [1]
  • Right-sizing the state: the politics of moving borders, edited by Brendan O'Leary, Ian S. Lustick and Thomas Callaghy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
  • Exile and return: predicaments of Palestinians and Jews, edited by Ann M. Lesch and Ian S. Lustick. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, c2005.
  • Trapped in the War on Terror. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. (xii, 186p.)
  • Paradigm Lost: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Seldom ... had the American government or the American political system as a whole reacted to a problem more irrationally than it has in responding to the attacks of September 11, 2001, with the War on Terror. The result has been not only waste on a colossal scale and camouflage for a host of selfish and destructive projects by well-positioned zealots but the emergence of a War on Terror that is itself a more fearsome enemy than the terrorists it was putatively designed to fight." (Lustick 2006, pp. 1–2)
  2. ^ Lustick drew an historical analogy with the junto (a term early used of a group dominating the Whig party in Great Britain) or cabal of politicians and activists who manoeuvered America into a war with Mexico and the annexation of Texas in order to secure a further expansion of the country west and south of its established borders (Lustick 2006, p. 49).
  3. ^ "The mechanisms that power this whirlwind are not under the control of any group or collection of individuals." (Lustick 2006, p. 71)
  4. ^ "Indeed, it is Ian S. Lustick's theory that if it weren't for the preoccupying regional conflict between Arabs and Jews, Israel would find itself caught in another war, this one civil." (Brinkley 1988, p. 13; Lustick 1988, pp. 182–183)
  5. ^ "In the writings of one such theorist the most 'vitriolic language' is not aimed at Gentiles, 'but for Israeli opponents of Gush Emunum, especially those who object to the fundamentalist movement on liberal democratic grounds' (p.123). Democracy as a political system has been the target of numerous attacks from the pens of fundamentalists, and the very idea of majority rule deemed foreign and subversive of Torah Judaism. Only at peril can one ignore the possibility of violence being used against Jewish opponents of the fundamentalists should they achieve a position making this feasible." (Sobel 1989, p. 229)
  6. ^ "no better documented source in English for anyone interested in greater understanding of both the parties and the leading representatives of this phenomenon" and its increasing influence in a society often heralded as sharing the values of American democracy and as a bastion of liberal thought in a sea of revolutionary and unreliable Arab regimes (Berger 1989, p. 114).

Citations

[edit]

Sources

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